برزنتيشن عن السودان بالانجليزي

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 الزراعة وتربية الماشية من أهم المصادر الرئيسية لكسب العيش في السودان الثروات الحيوانية في السودان

Agriculture and livestock in Sudan

Agriculture and livestock are the historical pillars of the Sudanese economy. Sudan, with an area of ​​1.86 M km2, has a high agricultural potential, currently under exploited.

 The Sudanese agricultural sector accounted for 30.5% of GDP in 2013 and 28.2% in 2014, and agricultural exports account for 60% of the country's non-oil exports. The sector employs between 70 and 80 percent of the workforce in rural areas and provides about 60 percent of the agri-food industry's raw material needs.

Agriculture and livestock in Sudan

Agriculture and livestock are the historical pillars of the Sudanese economy. Sudan, from

area of ​​1.86 M km2

, has a strong agricultural potential, currently under exploited.

The Sudanese agricultural sector accounted for 30.5% of GDP in 2013 and 28.2% in 2014, and

agricultural exports account for 60% of the country's non-oil exports. The area

employs between 70% and 80% of the workforce in rural areas and provides about 60% of the

the needs of the agri-food industry for raw materials. The majority of cultures are of nature

commercial (and not subsistence).

Year Agriculture Industry Services Total

% of contribution to GDP

2012 33 20 47 100

2013 30.5 21.5 48 100

2014 28 24 48 100

Source: Central Bank of Sudan

1. Basic data

Earth

Sudanese land is divided into, in millions of hectares:

natural pastures 47

forests 74

cultivable land 84

 of which cultivated 16.8

 of which irrigated 1.86

Climate and water resources

The country's climate ranges from aridity in the north to humid tropical areas in the south.

The average temperatures, very important, vary from 26 to 36 ° C.

2

Rainfall is generally low. They are concentrated during the wet period

between June and September. During this season the rains are very localized and extremely violent

This can cause soil washing or, more rarely, flooding. At the same time

Nile is in flood and irrigates naturally the banks dedicated to agriculture.

The rains are distributed as follows:

• 36% of the total area, in the desert zone, receives between zero and 100 mm of

rain

• 20%, in the semi-desert region, from 100 to 300

• 24%, in poor savanna, between 300 and 400

• 20%, rich savanna between 400 and 800.

It is estimated at 30 billion m3

/ year all water resources in Sudan, including 20 billion m3

/ year

come from Nile waters, 5-7 from seasonal rivers (wadis) and 4 from groundwater.

2. Different farming methods

The average size of a Sudanese farm is several hundred hectares.

Sudanese agriculture is 1) irrigated and / or rainfed, 2) traditional or semi-mechanized.

The production of rainfed agriculture is highly dependent on rainfall.

Irrigated farming

The total area of ​​irrigated cultivation in Sudan is about 1.8 million hectares. it

includes the clay lands of eastern and central Sudan, the Nile shores including deltas

of the two tributaries of the Blue Nile: Toker and Algash.

The crops grown are cotton, sorghum, peanut, wheat, sugar cane, crops

horticultural crops, vegetables, sunflower and corn.

This sector is divided into two sectors, modern and traditional. The first is characterized by

the use of machines (medium and large tractors), the use of agro-chemicals (herbicides,

insecticides and fertilizers) and improved seeds. It includes a new business agriculture

emerging markets developed by Sudanese companies, as well as foreign investors,

apply advanced agricultural technologies especially for irrigation. These farms are

particularly specialized in the production of alfalfa.

The irrigated sector consists of four main projects (see annex for map "main areas

in Sudan "):

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1) The project of Gezira to the State of Gezira in Central Sudan, historical stronghold of the culture of

cotton in Sudan and once the backbone of the country's economy. Largest irrigated project at

Sudan, it covers 900,000 hectares.

2) The project of the new Halfa, in the state of Kassala, on an area of ​​168 000 hectares.

3) The Alrahad project which extends between the two states of al-Gadarif and Algezira, on an area of

126,000 hectares.

4) Alsouki's 37,000 hectare project in the state of Senar. Public in the past, these projects have

privatized and are now operated by individual farmers who farm farms

an average size of six hectares. Crops include cotton, peanut, sunflower and

flowers.

Source: Central Bank of Sudan

Rain culture

The rain zones are located south of the 300 mm / year rain line below (red below) and

extend to the borders of South Sudan.

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Rainfed cultivation covers a total area of ​​about 15 million hectares, or 80% of the

total area cultivated. The sector contributes to:

• all gum arabic and sesame produced in Sudan,

• almost all millet,

• 70 to 80% of the groundnut,

• 60 to 70% of sorghum.

The Sudanese rainfed crop could easily increase its surfaces, more difficult its

productivity. A quadrupling of production is theoretically possible. He also asks for

low investment cost compared to the irrigated sector.

Sources: Central Bank of Sudan

3. Livestock

Sudanese cattle comprise 104 million head, distributed as follows:

Sudanese animal population in millions of heads

Cattle 30

Sheep 39

Goats 31

Camels 4

Total 104

Source: Ministry of Animal Resources

More than 90% of these animals are traditionally raised.

Extensive nomadic livestock farming in arid areas in the north of the country is entirely dependent on

natural pastures. In contrast, intensive farming, often by large companies, in

Irrigated and urban requires skills and capital. There is a semi-intensive breeding between the two,

traditional, sedentary, villager and provincial.

Animal production in thousands of tonnes

2013 2014

Meat 1 466 1 476

Milk 4,359 4,391

Poultry 55 60

Eggs 45 50

Fish 89 91

Animal skins 53,5 53,8

Source: Ministry of Animal Resources

Exports of animals are becoming increasingly important after the decline in pet exports and

gold. In 2015, with US $ 800 million (out of a total of Sudanese exports of US $ 3.1 billion),

live animals were the largest export item (ahead of gold, US $ 700 million).

In 2015 Saudi Arabia absorbed (in value) 62% of Sudanese animal exports and

Egypt 25%.

Egypt, which represents a significant potential market for the export of animals and

Sudanese meat, signed in February 2016 an agreement to purchase 800,000 Sudanese cattle. What

would be the most important economic transaction between the two countries is seen as a stimulus

trade between Egypt and Sudan, considered to be below possibilities, despite

the recent construction of a road linking the two countries.

4. Agriculture around Khartoum

Khartoum Province has a hot and dry climate: rainfall is low, 145 mm /

year on average.

Its surface area of ​​2,100 hectares is divided into:

• forests 70 hectares.

• natural pastures 880 hectares.

• cultivable land 750 hectares, of which

rainfed crops between 75 to 210 hectares.

The state has 1.2 million head of cattle and 9.3 million poultry, and 1.5 million head of cattle from the

province, for local consumption or export.

5. Arab agricultural investments in Sudan

Sudan has been experiencing a wave of Arab agricultural investments in recent years,

including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar.

Since the decision of Saudi Arabia, the main supplier of alfalfa to the Gulf countries, to stop

alfalfa exports, given the limitation of the country's groundwater reserves, the

The production and export of alfalfa has grown considerably in Sudan. In the state

of Khartoum alone, 75,000 hectares are devoted to it, by foreign investors, but also by

Sudanese groups like DAL and CTC. This culture is characterized by the use of technologies

modern, including the use of irrigation pivots. In 2014 alfalfa exports reached

60 MUSD.

At the meeting of the Economic Council of the Arab League in January 2013 in Riyadh, the President

Sudan has launched the "Arab Food Security Initiative", inviting

Arab funding to invest in agriculture in Sudan. This coincided with a proposal by

the King of Saudi Arabia, to increase by 50% the capital of the "Arab Authority for Agricultural

Investment and Development ", of which 20% is earmarked for the implementation of this initiative.

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The Lebanese group GLB Invest started in 2013 the exploitation of 8 400 hectares in Wad Hamid

in the Nile State for alfalfa. The project represents the first phase of one more operation

90,000 hectares.

The Sudanese government indicated at the beginning of 2015 that Saudi, Emirati and

Qatar, the majority of which in the agricultural sector, had reached US $ 13 billion for the former,

the second and 1.6 for the third.

The National Investment Authority announced in January 2015 the following Arab projects:

- An investment of 100 MUSD from the Qatari company "Hassad" for cereals and cereals

alfalfa on 115,500 hectares in Abu Hamad in the Nile State. The project provides for the construction

a 20 km irrigation canal connected to the Nile.

- The "Alkafaa" project of the Saudi company Al Rajhi, devoted to wheat (200,000 tons) and

alfalfa; over 42,000 hectares in the Nile State.

- The same company "Al rajhi" is also considering another project in the State of the North, out of 80,000

hectares, for the production of 400 000 tonnes of wheat.

- Taba project of the Saudi company "Al Rawabi" in the Nile State on 90,000 hectares

for wheat and alfalfa.

In November 2015, Saudi Arabia and Sudan signed four agricultural investment

the total value of 2.25 billion USD. This concerns:

• the construction in five years of three dams on the Nile in northern Sudan: Kajbar,

Alshireik and Dal,

• financing of other hydraulic projects

• the cultivation of 420 000 hectares on the two rivers Atbara and Siteit. Arab funds

finance the construction of two dams bearing the two names of these rivers, and 90%

work has been completed.

The Emirati group "Alzahira" is negotiating the exploitation of an area of ​​one million

of hectares on the plain of Albutana which extends between the east of Sudan and the State of the Nile.

6. The French presence in agriculture in Sudan

This part can be requested from the Khartoum Economic Service.

7. The difficulties of the agricultural sector

The Sudanese agricultural sector faces many chronic problems, the most important of which are

are listed below:

Financial problems, due to the reluctance of the Sudanese banks to finance, especially long and

medium term, farmers because of high risks.

Productivity problem, especially in the traditional sector, due to lack of

modern agricultural technologies, improved seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.

Problem of lack of agricultural research in Sudan

Infrastructure problem, including electricity, water and roads, which

increase the cost of investments.

Institutional issues, in particular concerning the land status of agricultural land:

foreign investors have been confronted with conflicts between federal authorities and regions in

this domain.

Major agricultural areas in Sudan