The verb should

The verb should
too/enough
• We use too before adjectives and adverbs. Too has
a negative meaning and it means ‘more than necessary’.
This coffee is too hot. I can’t drink it.
• We use enough after adjectives and adverbs, but
before nouns. Enough has a positive meaning.
The weather is warm enough for a picnic.
There’s enough food in the fridge.
• We use How much...? with uncountable nouns to
ask about the quantity of something.
How much milk is there?
• We use How many...? with plural countable nouns to ask
about the number of something.
How many cans of lemonade do we need?
• We use much with uncountable nouns, in questions
and in negative sentences.
We haven't got much money.
• We use many with plural countable nouns, usually in
questions and in negative sentences.
There aren't many books in the bookcase.
• We use a lot of/lots of with uncountable
and plural countable nouns, usually in affirmative
sentences.
There is a lot of coffee in my cup.
There are lots of apples in the fridge.
How much...?/How many...?/Much/Many/
A lot of/Lots of
NOTE: We also use How much...? to ask about the cost
or price of something.
How much are these shoes? €100?
since + a point in time
(e.g. since 1980, since
yesterday, since last
week, since 4am)
It refers to the time
when the action started.
for + a period of time
(e.g. for two weeks, for three
days, for _ive minutes,
for months)
It refers to the duration
of the action.
I’ve had this collection
for six years.
How long have you had
this collection?
I’ve had this collection
since 1999. Possessive Adjectives - Possessive Pronouns
• Possessive adjectives always go before nouns and do
not take articles before them.
His hat is green.
• Possessive pronouns replace possessive
adjectives + noun, so they are never followed by nouns.
They can be used as short answers to questions starting
with whose.
Your bag is brown, but mine is black.
That cat is hers.
Whose is this ball? It’s his.
Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
mine
yours
his
hers
-
ours
yours
theirs
Possessive case
We use the possessive case to express possession.
Singular nouns take ’s. This is the girl’s bag.
This is Tom’s car.
Regular plural nouns take ’. That’s my parents’ house.
Irregular plural nouns take ’s. Here’s the children’s room.
When two or more people
own the same thing, we
add ’s only to the last owner.
When two or more people
own two or more di_ferent
things, we add ’s to each
owner.
Formation
These are John’s and
Rick’s bikes.
This is Saleh and Malik’s _lat.
NOTE: We use of + noun to show that something
belongs to a thing or to an abstract noun.
The windows of this house are very big.
65
So/Neither
Zero Conditionals express general truths.
Zero Conditional
To express agreement
• We use So + affirmative auxiliary verb + subject
when we agree with an affirmative statement, but
we don't want to repeat it.
• We use Neither + affirmative auxiliary verb + subject
when we agree with a negative statement, but we
don't want to repeat it.
A: I must go to the
dentist.
B: So must I.
A: I always go to school
on foot.
B: So do I.
A: I can't play table tennis.
B: Neither can I.
A: I don’t like fruit.
B: Neither does my sister.
NOTE: To express disagreement:
• We use subject + a__irmative auxiliary verb
when we disagree with a negative statement,
but we don't want to repeat it.
A: I can’t speak English.
B: I can.
• We use subject + negative auxiliary verb
when we disagree with an a__irmative
statement, but we don't want to repeat it.
A: I’ve been to Italy.
B: I haven’t.
IF_CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Present Simple Present Simple
If you don’t water plants, they die.