Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Simple
• We form the Present Perfect Simple with have/has and
the past participle of the verb. The past participle of
regular verbs is the same as the Past Simple
(verb + - ed).
We use the Present Perfect Simple:
• for actions which happened in the past, but we don't
mention when exactly.
I’ve visited the National History Museum, so I don’t want
to go there again.
• for actions that happened in the past and their results
are obvious in the present.
Look! Jerry has broken his leg!
NOTE: For a list of irregular verbs go to page 70.
AFFIRMATIVE
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I have played I've played
You have played You've played
He has played He's played
She has played She's played
It has played It's played
We have played We've played
You have played You've played
They have played They've played
NEGATIVE
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I have not played I haven't played
You have not played You haven't played
He has not played He hasn't played
She has not played She hasn't played
It has not played It hasn't played
We have not played We haven't played
You have not played You haven't played
They have not played They haven't played
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
Have I played? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Have you played? Yes, you have. No, you haven't.
Has he played? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
Has she played? Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.
Has it played? Yes, it has. No, it hasn't.
Have we played? Yes, we have. No, we haven't.
Have you played? Yes, you have. No, you haven't.
Have they played? Yes, they have. No, they haven't.
64
yet/already
yet is used only with the
question and negative form of
verbs. It is placed at the end of the
sentence.
Have you _inished yet?
He hasn’t arrived yet.
already is used with the
a__irmative and question form of
verbs. It is placed between the
auxiliary and the main verb, or
at the end of the sentence for
emphasis.
I’ve already read that
book.
You’ve _inished eating
already!
Present Perfect with since/for/how long
• We use the Present Perfect with for, since and how
long for actions that started in the past and continue up
to the present.
AFFIRMATIVE I/He/She/It/We/You/They should go
NEGATIVE I/He/She/It/We/You/They shouldn’t go
QUESTIONS Should I/he/she/it/we/you/they go?
SHORT
ANSWERS
Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they should.
No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they shouldn’t.
We use should:
• to ask for and give advice.
What should I do? You shouldn’t work so hard.
• to express an opinion.
I think the children should eat more fruit.
• to make a suggestion.
We should go to the art gallery. There are some great
paintings there.