Relative Pronouns
• The relative pronouns who, which and that introduce
relative clauses and refer to the subject or the object of
the main clause. When they refer to the object, they can
be omitted.
PRONOUNS EXAMPLES
People
Animals
and
Things
who/that
which/that
The man who/that is driving that
sports car is my uncle.
The teacher (who/that) I like the
most is Mr Robins.
The bag which/that is on the
desk is mine.
The book (which/that) I read last
month was terrible.
NOTE: In Zero Conditionals we can use when instead of if.
When you don’t water plants, they die.
66
• Look at your teacher and the board and take notes.
• Listen carefully to your teacher and the CD.
• Ask your teacher when you don’t understand.
• Speak in English as much as possible.
• Take part in pair and group work activities.
In class
How to learn better in class
• Read the dialogues and texts from your book and listen
to your CD.
• Read the dialogues and texts aloud and sometimes
record yourself.
• Study the vocabulary and grammar and then do your
homework.
• Read selected texts from magazines and newspapers in
English.
• Read websites in English.
• Watch documentaries in English.
Outside the class
How to learn better outside the class
• Write down new words in a notebook.
Together with the English word:
- write an example sentence,
- draw or stick a picture.
• Put words in groups or use diagrams.
• Learn whole phrases (eg. verb+noun) not just isolated
words.
• Learn new words in context (in sentences describing
situations). This way, it is easier to remember them.
• When you learn new words, you must remember if they
are verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc.
• When you learn new words, it’s a good idea to learn any
synonyms and/or opposites.
• Refer to the Word List.
• Practise the spelling and pronunciation of new words.
• Look up unknown words in a dictionary.
• Regularly revise words you have learnt.
• Try to use words you have recently learnt when you
speak or write.
Vocabulary
How to learn vocabulary better
• Refer to the Grammar Reference.
• Use grammar tables.
• Have a grammar notebook.
In it write: - tips and/or rules in your language,
- example sentences,
- important grammatical points
e.g. irregular verbs.
• Make a note of grammatical errors that you often make.
Grammar
How to learn grammar better
Speak
How to do better when doing speaking
tasks
• Before you speak, make sure you understand the task
and how you should use the prompts.
• Look at the example and use the prompts given.
• Use the vocabulary and the language you have learnt.
• Don’t be afraid to make mistakes when you speak.
• Speak only in English.
Read
How to do better when doing reading
tasks
• Before you read, try to predict what the text is about
with the help of the title and the pictures.
• Look for key words in the text to understand the main
ideas.
• Try to guess the meaning of unknown words.
• Read the text quickly to understand the main idea.
• Read the text carefully to understand speciic details.
• Decide in which part of the text you can ind the
information you need.
• Make sure you understand who or what the pronouns
(he, it, this, them, etc.) refer to in the text.
Listen
How to do better when doing listening
tasks
• Before you listen, look at the pictures and read the
questions and answers carefully.
• Before you listen, try to predict what the speakers are
going to talk about.
• Before you listen, try to predict what kind of information
is missing.
• While listening, try to understand the general idea, not
every single word.
• Listen for key words to understand the main ideas.
• While listening, don’t assume that an answer is correct
just because the speakers mention a word that is in the
activity. Listen carefully before you answer.
Write
How to do better when doing writing
tasks
• Make sure you understand what you are asked to write.
• Plan your writing and make notes before you write.
• Plan your paragraphs. Before you start, think of the
ideas you are going to include in each paragraph.
• Group relevant information together and put it in the
same paragraph.
• Do not write very short sentences. Join your ideas with
and, but, so and because.
• Use pronouns (he, she it, them, etc.) to avoid repeating
the same words.
• When you write to a friend, start and inish your letter/
e-mail in an appropriate way. Remember to use set
phrases.
• When you narrate events, write the events in
chronological order. Use adverbs like suddenly, luckily,
unfortunately to make your writing more interesting.
• Use a variety of vocabulary and grammatical structures
in your writing to make it more interesting.
• Write your irst draft and correct it. Then write your inal
draft.
• Write neatly.
• After you inish, check your writing. Check punctuation
and capital letters, word order, spelling, linking words,
grammar and vocabulary.
Learning Tips
67
Word list
1a
bargain (n)
definitely
entrance
exit
expert
fair (n)
fee
in a while
latest
real
technology
wireless
Computer words
cursor
keyboard
laptop
monitor
mouse
mouse pad
printer
screen
speakers
USB flash drive
Phrases
Do you fancy...?
Hold on.
It’s out of this world.
Nice one.
Sounds good.
1b
argue
argument
continue
countryside
eating habits
energy
exercise (v)
fluently
full
future
get good/bad marks
get married
health
however
ill
in need
job
keep (doing sth)
let
member
others
poor
relationship
rich
ruin
so that
successful
whole
1c
bottle
can (n)
clean (adj)
cut down
cycle
dirty
during
environment
leaflet
miss out
plant (v)
protect
public transport
recycle
recycling bin
reuse
soap
special
tap
throw
turn off
Recyclable materials
battery
glass
metal
paper
plastic
Phrases
It doesn’t matter.
1d
adult
air
breathe
creature
die
disappear
endangered species
extinct
feed
grow
harm (v)
in danger
kill
net
organisation
pick up
pollute
pollution
rare
round (adj)
touch
weigh
Habitats
cave
desert
forest
jungle
ocean
polar region
Animals
bat
camel
deer
dolphin
killer whale
polar bear
tiger
1e
activity
decorate
exam
furniture
get-together
hopefully
invitation
invite
order (v)
prepare
rearrange
reply (n)
snacks
Phrases
How about...?
How could I say no?
I can’t make it.
I’m looking forward to...
It was nice of you to...
Maybe some other time.
Thanks for...
Why don’t we...?
2a
a couple of
abroad
after all
answer (v/n)
at last
be in trouble
change one’s mind
close (adj)
correctly
question
quiz
result
Phrases
Never mind.
Not really.
Of course not.
2b
at some point
audience
communicate
crowd
cute
do a trick
enjoyable
fascinating
go wild
honey
performance
put on weight
safari park
show (n)
sting (v)
talented
thrilled
trainer
way
Animals
baboon
bee
eagle
fox
leopard
rhino
sea lion
zebra
2c
achieve
be born
especially
exhero
hold
turn into
Words related to sport
against
champion
championship
cup
handball
hockey
league
national
point
season
spectator
sports event
trophy
2d
accident
at the time
be/get injured
building
burn
catch fire
channel
colleague
construction
emergency services
expect
flame
fortunately
helmet
indoors
media
outdoors
put out
risk (v/n)
suit
tiring
the news
uniform
work long hours
Jobs
architect
builder
cameraman
electrician
68
firefighter
lifeguard
newsreader
painter
paramedic
photographer
police officer
reporter
worker
Phrases
for instance
I suppose.
In general
In my opinion,...
in other words
2e
be in good shape
be interested in
be/keep fit
coach
court
exercise (n)
follow advice
go on a diet
lately
lose weight / kilos
nearby
pitch
practice
practise
race
recently
similar
take part in
take up
tip
tournament
water polo
Sports equipment
football boots
goal
goggles
knee pads
net
racket
shin pads
stick
swimwear
Phrases
Let me know.
Take care.
That’s all for now.
3a
be on time
hang up
lemon
look after
painkiller
warm
Ailments and illnesses
cough
earache
fever
headache
sore throat
stomach ache
the flu
toothache
Phrases
Oh dear!
What’s wrong with you?
3b
add
be called
be right back
make sure
normal
note
laugh out loud
phrase
receive
rule
shorten
sleepy
smiley
SMS
symbol
text (v)
text message
type (v)
3c
cash desk
customer
extra small/large
fashion
fitting room
medium
product
shop assistant
tight
Words/Phrases related to
prices/money
amount
cent
change (n)
cost (v)
discount
dollar
euro
halala
pay by credit card
pay in cash
penny - pence
per cent (%)
pocket money
pound
receipt
riyal
total
Phrases related to shopping
How much is it?
How much does it cost?
I’ll take it.
Can I try it on?
What size are you?
3d
avoid
be rich in
bone
choose
contain
dairy product
diet
every now and then
fat (n)
feel like
fresh
fried
instead of
junk food
necessary
nowadays
overdo
overweight
strong
tasty
teen/teenager
unhealthy
vitamin
Food
carrot
cheese
cucumber
lettuce
mayonnaise
meatballs
olive oil
onion
pasta
peas
pitta bread
salt
sauce
shish kebab
strawberry
sugar
yoghurt
3e
any more
at least
calm down
cheer up
crash
feel down
first of all
fix
flat tyre
explain
learn a lesson
lend
lie (lied-lied)
make a mistake
notice (v)
perhaps
share
tell the truth
upset
Phrases
I don’t get it.
I hope everything goes well.
It’s not fair.
4a
adventurous
all of a sudden
article
colourful
create
creative
design (v/n)
enter a competition
exhibition
headline
hopeful
image
in fact
leaf - leaves
organiser
peaceful
plant (n)
poison
poisonous
professional
rest (n)
town hall
4b
agree
chance
clearly
embarrassing
fly (v)
planet
sculpture
simple
space (universe)
work of art
Feelings
confident
confused
disappointed
nervous
pleased
proud
Phrases
Give sth your best shot.
How come...?
I’ll tell you what.
There’s no need.
To be honest,...
What if...?
4c
block (v)
circle
fill
garden hose
ideal
impression
indigo
instructions
main
myth
possible
sprayer
violet
wet
4d
award (v+n)
character
consider
cultural
encourage
example
impressive
perfect
respect
responsible
69
separate
society
typical
4e
absent-minded
as well as
chapter
discuss
do well
effort
entire
fail
in most cases
incredible
inform
look forward to
mention
miss a lesson
novel
pass
sit for exams
• The relative pronouns who, which and that introduce
relative clauses and refer to the subject or the object of
the main clause. When they refer to the object, they can
be omitted.
PRONOUNS EXAMPLES
People
Animals
and
Things
who/that
which/that
The man who/that is driving that
sports car is my uncle.
The teacher (who/that) I like the
most is Mr Robins.
The bag which/that is on the
desk is mine.
The book (which/that) I read last
month was terrible.
NOTE: In Zero Conditionals we can use when instead of if.
When you don’t water plants, they die.
66
• Look at your teacher and the board and take notes.
• Listen carefully to your teacher and the CD.
• Ask your teacher when you don’t understand.
• Speak in English as much as possible.
• Take part in pair and group work activities.
In class
How to learn better in class
• Read the dialogues and texts from your book and listen
to your CD.
• Read the dialogues and texts aloud and sometimes
record yourself.
• Study the vocabulary and grammar and then do your
homework.
• Read selected texts from magazines and newspapers in
English.
• Read websites in English.
• Watch documentaries in English.
Outside the class
How to learn better outside the class
• Write down new words in a notebook.
Together with the English word:
- write an example sentence,
- draw or stick a picture.
• Put words in groups or use diagrams.
• Learn whole phrases (eg. verb+noun) not just isolated
words.
• Learn new words in context (in sentences describing
situations). This way, it is easier to remember them.
• When you learn new words, you must remember if they
are verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc.
• When you learn new words, it’s a good idea to learn any
synonyms and/or opposites.
• Refer to the Word List.
• Practise the spelling and pronunciation of new words.
• Look up unknown words in a dictionary.
• Regularly revise words you have learnt.
• Try to use words you have recently learnt when you
speak or write.
Vocabulary
How to learn vocabulary better
• Refer to the Grammar Reference.
• Use grammar tables.
• Have a grammar notebook.
In it write: - tips and/or rules in your language,
- example sentences,
- important grammatical points
e.g. irregular verbs.
• Make a note of grammatical errors that you often make.
Grammar
How to learn grammar better
Speak
How to do better when doing speaking
tasks
• Before you speak, make sure you understand the task
and how you should use the prompts.
• Look at the example and use the prompts given.
• Use the vocabulary and the language you have learnt.
• Don’t be afraid to make mistakes when you speak.
• Speak only in English.
Read
How to do better when doing reading
tasks
• Before you read, try to predict what the text is about
with the help of the title and the pictures.
• Look for key words in the text to understand the main
ideas.
• Try to guess the meaning of unknown words.
• Read the text quickly to understand the main idea.
• Read the text carefully to understand speciic details.
• Decide in which part of the text you can ind the
information you need.
• Make sure you understand who or what the pronouns
(he, it, this, them, etc.) refer to in the text.
Listen
How to do better when doing listening
tasks
• Before you listen, look at the pictures and read the
questions and answers carefully.
• Before you listen, try to predict what the speakers are
going to talk about.
• Before you listen, try to predict what kind of information
is missing.
• While listening, try to understand the general idea, not
every single word.
• Listen for key words to understand the main ideas.
• While listening, don’t assume that an answer is correct
just because the speakers mention a word that is in the
activity. Listen carefully before you answer.
Write
How to do better when doing writing
tasks
• Make sure you understand what you are asked to write.
• Plan your writing and make notes before you write.
• Plan your paragraphs. Before you start, think of the
ideas you are going to include in each paragraph.
• Group relevant information together and put it in the
same paragraph.
• Do not write very short sentences. Join your ideas with
and, but, so and because.
• Use pronouns (he, she it, them, etc.) to avoid repeating
the same words.
• When you write to a friend, start and inish your letter/
e-mail in an appropriate way. Remember to use set
phrases.
• When you narrate events, write the events in
chronological order. Use adverbs like suddenly, luckily,
unfortunately to make your writing more interesting.
• Use a variety of vocabulary and grammatical structures
in your writing to make it more interesting.
• Write your irst draft and correct it. Then write your inal
draft.
• Write neatly.
• After you inish, check your writing. Check punctuation
and capital letters, word order, spelling, linking words,
grammar and vocabulary.
Learning Tips
67
Word list
1a
bargain (n)
definitely
entrance
exit
expert
fair (n)
fee
in a while
latest
real
technology
wireless
Computer words
cursor
keyboard
laptop
monitor
mouse
mouse pad
printer
screen
speakers
USB flash drive
Phrases
Do you fancy...?
Hold on.
It’s out of this world.
Nice one.
Sounds good.
1b
argue
argument
continue
countryside
eating habits
energy
exercise (v)
fluently
full
future
get good/bad marks
get married
health
however
ill
in need
job
keep (doing sth)
let
member
others
poor
relationship
rich
ruin
so that
successful
whole
1c
bottle
can (n)
clean (adj)
cut down
cycle
dirty
during
environment
leaflet
miss out
plant (v)
protect
public transport
recycle
recycling bin
reuse
soap
special
tap
throw
turn off
Recyclable materials
battery
glass
metal
paper
plastic
Phrases
It doesn’t matter.
1d
adult
air
breathe
creature
die
disappear
endangered species
extinct
feed
grow
harm (v)
in danger
kill
net
organisation
pick up
pollute
pollution
rare
round (adj)
touch
weigh
Habitats
cave
desert
forest
jungle
ocean
polar region
Animals
bat
camel
deer
dolphin
killer whale
polar bear
tiger
1e
activity
decorate
exam
furniture
get-together
hopefully
invitation
invite
order (v)
prepare
rearrange
reply (n)
snacks
Phrases
How about...?
How could I say no?
I can’t make it.
I’m looking forward to...
It was nice of you to...
Maybe some other time.
Thanks for...
Why don’t we...?
2a
a couple of
abroad
after all
answer (v/n)
at last
be in trouble
change one’s mind
close (adj)
correctly
question
quiz
result
Phrases
Never mind.
Not really.
Of course not.
2b
at some point
audience
communicate
crowd
cute
do a trick
enjoyable
fascinating
go wild
honey
performance
put on weight
safari park
show (n)
sting (v)
talented
thrilled
trainer
way
Animals
baboon
bee
eagle
fox
leopard
rhino
sea lion
zebra
2c
achieve
be born
especially
exhero
hold
turn into
Words related to sport
against
champion
championship
cup
handball
hockey
league
national
point
season
spectator
sports event
trophy
2d
accident
at the time
be/get injured
building
burn
catch fire
channel
colleague
construction
emergency services
expect
flame
fortunately
helmet
indoors
media
outdoors
put out
risk (v/n)
suit
tiring
the news
uniform
work long hours
Jobs
architect
builder
cameraman
electrician
68
firefighter
lifeguard
newsreader
painter
paramedic
photographer
police officer
reporter
worker
Phrases
for instance
I suppose.
In general
In my opinion,...
in other words
2e
be in good shape
be interested in
be/keep fit
coach
court
exercise (n)
follow advice
go on a diet
lately
lose weight / kilos
nearby
pitch
practice
practise
race
recently
similar
take part in
take up
tip
tournament
water polo
Sports equipment
football boots
goal
goggles
knee pads
net
racket
shin pads
stick
swimwear
Phrases
Let me know.
Take care.
That’s all for now.
3a
be on time
hang up
lemon
look after
painkiller
warm
Ailments and illnesses
cough
earache
fever
headache
sore throat
stomach ache
the flu
toothache
Phrases
Oh dear!
What’s wrong with you?
3b
add
be called
be right back
make sure
normal
note
laugh out loud
phrase
receive
rule
shorten
sleepy
smiley
SMS
symbol
text (v)
text message
type (v)
3c
cash desk
customer
extra small/large
fashion
fitting room
medium
product
shop assistant
tight
Words/Phrases related to
prices/money
amount
cent
change (n)
cost (v)
discount
dollar
euro
halala
pay by credit card
pay in cash
penny - pence
per cent (%)
pocket money
pound
receipt
riyal
total
Phrases related to shopping
How much is it?
How much does it cost?
I’ll take it.
Can I try it on?
What size are you?
3d
avoid
be rich in
bone
choose
contain
dairy product
diet
every now and then
fat (n)
feel like
fresh
fried
instead of
junk food
necessary
nowadays
overdo
overweight
strong
tasty
teen/teenager
unhealthy
vitamin
Food
carrot
cheese
cucumber
lettuce
mayonnaise
meatballs
olive oil
onion
pasta
peas
pitta bread
salt
sauce
shish kebab
strawberry
sugar
yoghurt
3e
any more
at least
calm down
cheer up
crash
feel down
first of all
fix
flat tyre
explain
learn a lesson
lend
lie (lied-lied)
make a mistake
notice (v)
perhaps
share
tell the truth
upset
Phrases
I don’t get it.
I hope everything goes well.
It’s not fair.
4a
adventurous
all of a sudden
article
colourful
create
creative
design (v/n)
enter a competition
exhibition
headline
hopeful
image
in fact
leaf - leaves
organiser
peaceful
plant (n)
poison
poisonous
professional
rest (n)
town hall
4b
agree
chance
clearly
embarrassing
fly (v)
planet
sculpture
simple
space (universe)
work of art
Feelings
confident
confused
disappointed
nervous
pleased
proud
Phrases
Give sth your best shot.
How come...?
I’ll tell you what.
There’s no need.
To be honest,...
What if...?
4c
block (v)
circle
fill
garden hose
ideal
impression
indigo
instructions
main
myth
possible
sprayer
violet
wet
4d
award (v+n)
character
consider
cultural
encourage
example
impressive
perfect
respect
responsible
69
separate
society
typical
4e
absent-minded
as well as
chapter
discuss
do well
effort
entire
fail
in most cases
incredible
inform
look forward to
mention
miss a lesson
novel
pass
sit for exams
Post a Comment