تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزي كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي
عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان تعبير عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم
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information about presentation معلومات عن مقال جمهورية دولة حول تكاليف
المعيشه السياحة في للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر
حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى لمحة تعريفية
بالانجلش تلخيص قصير تحدث تقرير
انجليزي عن اي دوله معلومات
معلومات عن موريتانيا بالانجليزي نشيد موريتانيا الوطني نواذيبو لغة نواكشوط موريتانيا عدد سكان موريتانيا 2015 2016 2017 2018 اكبر
مدن موريتانيا ولايات موريتانيا الترتيب
بالتفصيل نساء موريتانيا اسماء مقاطعات موريتانيا الجغرافية
Mauritania is a country located in
North-West Africa with the main countries bordering Morocco, Algeria, Mali and
Senegal. It is a country that has access to the sea. Indeed, the country is
bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean (700 km of coastline).
Mauritania is an Islamic Republic of
3,359,185 inhabitants over an area of 1,030,700 km2.
The capital of the country is Nouakchott.
Its density is one of the lowest in the
world with 3 inhabitants / km2.
It is an exclusively Muslim country (more
than 99% of the population) that is affirmed by the country's Constitution. The
state religion is Islam and non-Muslims are mostly foreigners.
The official language is Arabic, but when
it comes to administration, the language used is French. It is also important
to emphasize that there are many languages in Mauritania with the status of
national languages such as Peul, Soninke and Wolof. The currency of the country
is ouguiya (MRO).
The HDI in 2012 was 0.467 (155th, UNDP
ranking), which is a very low level. Mauritania is one of the poorest countries
in the world where nearly 20% of the population is enslaved. The fertility rate
is high with 4.5 births / woman while the life expectancy was 59 years in 2012
(data World Bank). Population growth was up 2.3% in 2012 (World Bank data).
The country is chaired by Mohamed Ould
Abdel Aziz after a military coup on August 6, 2008. The latter then resigns
from the army to run in the presidential election of July 18, 2009 he won with
52.5% of voice. The political power put in place is maintained thanks to the
support of a part of the army that has a lot of influence on civil society.
There is a very high level of instability in government and institutions
because of the tensions between the different stakeholders in this country. The
country is marked by unprecedented waves of strikes, demonstrations and
political demands that weaken the already weak institutions (including the
consequences of the Arab Spring). Moreover, the threat of Islamic terrorism
symbolized by the presence of AQIM in the region reinforces the instability of
the country.
socioeconomic
Mauritania has an economy that relies
mainly on the agriculture and livestock sector. This sector alone makes it
possible to support half of the population. The other two important sectors are
the mining sector and the marine sector. Mauritania is a country rich in
natural resources, but these are exploited exclusively by foreign companies
(concessions). The same applies to the maritime sector, which is the subject of
numerous fishing concessions in the country's territorial waters (in particular
Japan). This can be explained by the very low level of qualification of
Mauritanians (literacy rate of 57% in 2010) and the lack of quality
infrastructure. This finding is characterized by a striking figure: 42% of the
population lives below the poverty line. The living conditions of the
population are very precarious with access to water and electricity which is
very difficult.
economic and financial information based
on:
GDP per capita
GDP per capita in 2012 was $ 1,126 per
year (IMF data). It is one of the lowest ratios in the world that once again
underlines the extreme poverty and precariousness of the Mauritanian
population.
GDP growth rate
The growth rate is constantly increasing
despite the slowdown in the global economy. It went from 4.9% in 2010 to 5.8%
in 2012, these still illustrate that the country manages to develop its economy
despite its difficult political and security situation. It should nevertheless
be noted that this growth is mainly driven by investments in the extractive
industries sector (oil, gas, minerals). According to IMF forecasts, the
country's growth should continue to grow in 2013 with a growth forecast of
6.9%.
The annual inflation rate
Inflation in the country is high, but it
has tended to decline since 2010. In fact, the inflation rate forecast for 2013
is 6.1% while it was only 6.3% in 2010. This inflation is This is explained in
particular by the rise in food prices, which are mainly imported from abroad
and frequent droughts in the region.
The budget balance (in% of GDP)
The country's budget balance was -1.3% in
2012, which means that government revenues (excluding loan repayments) were
lower than its expenditures (excluding borrowing). This trend should be
confirmed in 2013 with a forecast of -2.3% (up sharply). It is interesting to
note that this deficit is structural and not cyclical.
The current balance (in% of GDP)
The current balance was also negative in
2012 with -19.3%. It can be noted that it increased sharply compared to 2010
and 2011 (respectively -12.9% and -9.4%). This deficit is explained by the
significant import of food from abroad and low exports (countries that do not
have significant industrial tools despite low-cost labor.
External debt (in% of GDP)
Mauritania's external debt stood at $ 2.8
billion as of December 31, 2011. The IMF regularly provides loans to the
country provided that measures and reforms are taken to restructure the
country.
The commercial balance
The trade balance was in deficit of $ 300
million in 2012 (WTO data).
The stability of the exchange rate
The country's monetary policy is prudent
thanks to stability at the macroeconomic level and relative sound fiscal
management. The Central Bank of Mauritania (BCM) has tools for controlling the
money supply to control inflation.
General conclusion
Mauritania is one of the poorest
countries in the world despite soils rich in natural resources. The instability
of the state and its institutions prevents the country from developing
sufficiently to reduce poverty, which is worrying. The power in place fails to
ensure its sovereign functions, including that of ensuring border control. This
is explained by a very vast and mostly desert territory, but also by a lack of
important means (human, material, financial). The country is also at the center
of major international issues where the major foreign powers compete indirectly
for the control and control of fossil resources. This climate, which is
reinforced by AQIM's significant presence, is of concern to the international
community.
Strengths / opportunities:
Mineral and fishery resources.
Encouraging oil outlook
Increasing growth rate
Strategic position in the Sahel region
(access to the sea)
Weaknesses / threats:
Significant political instability (risk
of coup)
Presence of AQIM in the country
High poverty rate and very low literacy
Very low skilled labor
Recent market economy and very related to
raw materials
High sensitivity to fluctuations in food
prices
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