معلومات عن اثيوبيا بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن  تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة عن مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية  معلومات عن اثيوبيا بالانجليزي عدد سكان اثيوبيا إثيوبيا أو الحبشة   جمهورية إثيوبيا الفيدرالية الديمقراطية الأمهرية اللغة الجعزية وهي لغة إثيوبيا السامية القديمة  أديس أبابا أبيبا عدد سكان اثيوبيا المسلمين الديانات في اثيوبيا مدن اثيوبيا المسلمه

ethiopia mezmur

ethiopian airline

ethiopian currency

Introduction

Form of State: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Area: 1 104 300 km²

Official Language: Amhariadmin / post.php? Post = 4022 & action = edit & message = 8

Other languages spoken: Oromigna, Tigrigna, Somaligna, Guaragigna, Sidama, Hadiyigna.

English is the main foreign language taught in schools.

Business language: English

Total population: 91,728,849

Urban population: 17.3%

Density: 89 inhabitants / km²

Ethnic Origins:

- Oromo 40%,

- Amhara and Tigrayans 32%,

- Sidamo 9%,

- Ari or Shankella 6%,

- Somali 6%,

- Afar 4%,

- Gurage 2%.

Religions:

- Christians 60.8%,

- Muslims 32.8%,

- Traditional beliefs 4.6%,

- Other 1.8%.

Local currency: Ethiopian Birr (ETB)

Literacy rate: 35.9%

1. Development Index (HDI):

government and institutions

Ethiopia emerged from the traumatic post-electoral political crisis of 2005, which was marked by deep disagreements over the election results between the ruling party, the Democratic Revolutionary Front of the Peoples of Ethiopia (EPRDF), and the opposition. On the other hand, the May 2010 general elections were peaceful. The EPRDF and the affiliated parties won these elections, with a much larger majority in the federal parliament.

For the opposition parties and other actors, this victory has been likened to a narrowing of the democratic space.

One could argue that divisions within the opposition have also been a factor. Since the elections, the legal status of Medrek, the main coalition of opposition parties, has changed to an "alliance". It could be an attempt to reorganize, in view of the elections scheduled for 2015. As regards the prospects, it is difficult to think of a relaxation in the tense relations between the party in power and the opposition, which underlines the fragility of the democratic transition process in Ethiopia

Perhaps reflecting the difficulties in the political transition, Ethiopia's score on political stability and civil liberties is lower than that of its peers in East Africa. However, Ethiopia has scores similar to those of its peers in terms of political rights (Figure 1).

socioeconomic

According to a recent AfDB publication, "AfDB and Ethiopia - Partnering for Inclusive Growth", one of the great success stories of today's Africa lies in the socio-economic recovery that has experienced a number of countries, including Ethiopia, over the last decade.

With an average annual growth rate of 11%, Ethiopia has made considerable progress towards becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the world. It is becoming the largest economy in East Africa. By investing in projects and programs in various sectors of the Ethiopian economy, the AfDB is firmly positioned as Ethiopia's partner of choice in development.

As this is an economy that relies heavily on agriculture, the AfDB's pro-poor assistance is essential in supporting inclusive growth and strengthening economic integration with the world. neighboring countries. With nearly half of the population under 18, inclusive growth focuses on creating jobs and better distributing income to eradicate poverty. In this respect, the AfDB has obviously played a major role.

The political orientations must be the right ones. The AfDB's partnership with Ethiopia has been marked by such orientations, based on frank dialogue, strategic selectivity and a strong focus on results. In this respect, Ethiopia has managed to do well.

The current package of reforms not only helps to accelerate growth, but also improves the delivery of basic services as a whole, thereby enhancing the country's enviable capacity to achieve several Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Among these reforms will be the privatization of state-owned enterprises and the streamlining of government regulations that have begun to attract much-needed foreign investment.

economic and financial

1. GDP per capita

2. GDP growth rate

Ethiopia's recent economic growth rate of just over 11% per annum is remarkable (Chart 2) and well above the population growth rate (2.6%) and the rate of growth required (7%). % per year) to achieve the MDG target of halving poverty by 2015. Although initially driven by agriculture, growth is now more broadly based, with the increase in services and construction sectors to GDP. According to government projections, GDP growth in real terms is expected to remain at a level of more than 10% per year in the medium term (2011-2015).

  The annual inflation rate

The inflation rate in Ethiopia was around 40% in October before stabilizing at 35.9% in December 2011. Inflation has been growing in the country for some time, well before the current episode of inflation. higher food prices, stimulated by an expansionary monetary policy. Public sector credit increased by more than 45% in 2011, largely due to the monetization of the budget deficit. Commercial banks were forced to buy government bonds, but this did not slow the rate of monetary growth significantly.

The budgetary balance

In 2012, the government continued its prudent fiscal policy, combined with a monetary policy aimed at curbing inflation, while maintaining a high level of investment in infrastructure. They have worked to improve tax collection and mobilize other domestic resources, reduce domestic borrowing, and increase spending to help the poorest, including through infrastructure investments. Revenue collection has been on the rise for a number of years, since the implementation of tax reform measures and the improvement of tax administration.

For fiscal year 2011/2012, tax revenues increased by 45%. Progress in the collection of national revenues has allowed the state to finance 83 percent of its expenditures from these revenues.

Better coordination of fiscal and monetary policy has enabled the country to avoid resorting to deficit financing over 2011/2012. The Central Bank has used alternative liquidity management mechanisms, such as the cash budget and the sale of treasury bills. According to a report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) released in October 2012, Ethiopia's budget deficit is expected to remain at a sustainable level until 2016/2017.

 External debt

According to the 2010 Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA), led by the IMF and the World Bank, Ethiopia's external debt stock is increasing, mainly due to the sharp rise in corporate borrowing. public.

According to the DSA, projections of the present value of debt-to-GDP ratio and the debt-to-exports ratio are projected to increase from 13.5% and 119.1% in 2010 to 18.3% and 129% in 2011, respectively. before falling in subsequent years. If external debt indicators are still within established limits and Ethiopia's risk of debt distress has been reduced from moderate to low, the situation will nevertheless need to be closely monitored, particularly with respect to borrowing of public enterprises.

The commercial balance

Merchandise exports totaled USD 3.2 billion, representing growth of 15% over the previous financial year.

The value of imports jumped to USD 11.1 billion in 2011/2012 compared to around USD 8.3 billion in the previous year.

As imports grew faster than exports, the trade deficit widened to USD 7.9 billion in 2011/2012, compared to USD 5.5 billion a year earlier. in 2011/2012, the overall balance of payments deficit was USD 973 million, while in 2010/2011 the country had a surplus of USD 1.4 billion. The situation would have been worse if Ethiopia had not experienced a significant increase in public and private transfers.

geological

The South-East African region covers an area that is predisposed to a considerable level of seismic risk due to the presence of the East African Continental Rift System. The entire region is traversed by a tectonically active continental rift system in a stable African shield known as the East African Continental Rift System (CHARS). The East African continental rift tends largely north-south, following the Great Lakes: Albert, Edouard, Kivi, Tanganyika and Nyasa. An active branch on the opposite side of Lake Victoria follows the Kenya Rift Valley through Rudolf Lake in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, seismic activity follows narrow areas related to the Afar Depression and Ethiopia's main rift structures. Kenya's continental rift is almost devoid of seismic activity although the micro-earthquake studies in the rift itself have shown that the rift bottom is seismically active.

 Diseases transmitted by water, food or the environment

Diarrheal diseases are widespread in Ethiopia. An epidemic of acute watery diarrhea disease several parts of the country; the capital, Addis Ababa, is also affected. 18,000 cases (including 4,000 in Addis Ababa) have been recorded throughout the country. In the capital, cases of acute watery diarrhea have been reported in all districts. To reduce the risk of contamination, it is imperative to wash your hands properly before meals; it is also recommended to use decontaminated water.

Between 2004 and 2007, 37 cases of poliomyelitis were reported in 4 of the country's 11 regions. The risk is greater in the border areas of Somalia.

 Diseases transmitted by interhuman contact

The risk of meningitis can not be ruled out, especially during the dry season, especially in the center and the north. The prevalence of the HIV virus is important: according to the UNAIDS (the United Nations AIDS Agency), 2.1% of the adult population (between 15 and 49 years) is HIV positive. In Ethiopia, 1 million people are living with HIV. A high prevalence of HIV is usually associated with an increase in the number of TB cases.

A measles epidemic is currently under way in Ethiopia. In the first half of 2011, more than 17,500 cases, including 114 deaths, were identified. Measles is an infectious disease that is spread by the postillon (cough) or sneezing of an infected person. This disease mainly affects young children and remains one of the main causes of infant mortality. Symptoms include high fever, rash with pimples, eye irritation and cough. There is a vaccine against measles.

 Technology and innovation

Located in Addis Ababa, in a recycled sea freight container, Iceaddis welcomes young Ethiopians to develop innovative projects.

Launched 1 year ago, this incubator today brings together 500 entrepreneurs, who thus have premises, an internet connection, and valuable support in the realization of their project.

Sarah A. Yusuf, Director of Iceaddis: "Iceaddis is an innovation center that provides space for young, creative entrepreneurs to launch their project. Various services are offered, tutoring, training and coaching in different disciplines, for young innovative entrepreneurs. "

Among them, Yonathan Gosaye develops mobile applications. He is very happy with its application which allows to inform the inhabitants of Addis Ababa but especially the visitors of passage.

Yonathan Gosaye, entrepreneur, membre d’Iceaddis : « C’est une application Smartphone pour les touristes. Les touristes peuvent y consulter les événements qui se passent à Addis-Abeba et autres. Ils peuvent apprendre des phrases de tous les jours en Amharic.»

Le continent africain est en passe de devenir le deuxième marché mondial pour la téléphonie mobile !

Un marché multiplié par quatre en cinq ans. L’industrie contribue au PIB africain à hauteur de 56 milliards de dollars, soit 3,5% de ses recettes. Un secteur très porteur si les investissements accompagnent les besoins en infrastructures.

En Éthiopie où le gouvernement refuse d’ouvrir le secteur aux entreprises privées, la compagnie télécoms nationale garde le monopole et reste donc l’unique fournisseur d’accès du pays. En l’absence de concurrence, l’Éthiopie affiche un des taux de pénétration les plus faibles d’Afrique. Mais de plus en plus d’éthiopiens accèdent au Web via leurs téléphones portables.

Selon la Banque mondiale, une hausse de 10% des points d’accès à Internet haut débit génère 1,3 point de croissance supplémentaire.

Aujourd’hui le taux de pénétration en Afrique dépasse à peine 12% contre 30% au niveau mondial. Un retard à combler qui constitue néanmoins une formidable opportunité de marché pour le continent.

Conclusion

Ethiopia is a country characterized by:

- a large population, the second of the continent with 80 million inhabitants, but well distributed over a large territory (twice France),

- a demographic transition not yet completed,

- a moderate rate of urbanization, increasing in the medium term and still manageable,

- a rural and agricultural population which remains large and poor,

- agricultural potential that is under-exploited but benefits from very favorable agro-ecological conditions (soil quality, temperate climate and favorable rainfall).

- considerable hydropower resources that place Ethiopia second or third in Africa,

- a proactive government whose development strategy is supported by a large community of donors,

- a growing regional and continental political role conferred on it by both the presence of the seats of the African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, which make it the political capital of Africa, moreover a hundred diplomatic representations and the political ascendancy of its leader, Prime Minister Meles Zenawi.

In developing its Poverty Eradication Strategy in 2005 (Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty - PASDEP), the government has opted for an expansionist policy based on "framed" liberalization, massive public investment to fill the equipment gap (roads, energy, housing, ...), with particular emphasis on the agricultural and industrial sectors and the promotion of the private sector.