تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزي كتابة انشاء عبارات
حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن تقرير جاهز
سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي
اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة
عن مقال جمهورية دولة حول تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد
فى لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة
تحدث تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة information about paragraph
presentation location كم عدد سكان مدن الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث
جغرافية جغرافيا عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة
اسماء مدن المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية
معلومات
عن جنوب السودان بالانجليزي
جوبا شمال ولايات جنوب السودان الجديدة بعد الانفصال بحث عن مشكلة جمهورية جنوب السودان بالإنجليزية
: South Sudan نزاع جنوب السودان
Introduction
South Sudan, located in East
Africa, is a landlocked country that shares borders with North Sudan; in the
East - Ethiopia; in the South - Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of
Congo; in the West, the Africa Center.
The country concentrates
10.84 million inhabitants on a surface of 644 329 km², about the surface of
France (Metropolitan France and Overseas territories). Its capital Juba,
located in the south of the country on the banks of the White Nile and has
350,000 inhabitants according to estimates.
The South Sudanese flag is
composed of five horizontal bands, one of black color representing the identity
of the people, another red identifying the blood shed during the years of
conflict, a green agriculture and natural resources - Sudan Sudan. South is
rich in oil, wood, minerals and water resources. The two white bands represent
peace. The blue triangle refers to the Nile, which flows through the country
from south to north, and the yellow star refers to the optimism of the South
Sudanese people.
In 1956, Sudan, then united
territories united of Sudan and South Sudan, recover at its independence and
detaches from the British authority.
In 2011, a new country is
created by referendum with 98.83% of favorable votes [2]: it is South Sudan. On
this occasion it becomes the 193rd and last state registered at the United
Nations (UN).
This new country is a federal
republic, of ten states, whose president is General Salva Kiir, elected in
April 2010
The official currency is the
South Sudanese pound, with 1 SSP equal to € 0.25 or $ 0.34.
Its population growth is in
the order of + 4.4% per year and the literacy rate of the population between 15
and 24 is 37%. The official language is English and the common languages are
Arabic, Dinka, Nuer, Shilouk, Zande and Bari, which define themselves as local
languages.
South Sudanese are
predominantly Christian and there are animist and Muslim minorities.
The Human Development Index
has not been calculated for 2013.
South Sudanese
1899: Establishment of an
Anglo-Egyptian condominium on Sudan.
1946: Unification of the
North and South regions of Sudan.
Under British influence,
Sudan had been divided and administered in two distinct regions, one in the
North and the other in the South.
1953: Anglo-Egyptian treaty
recognizing Sudan's right to self-determination, that is to say the action by
which a people freely chooses its political and economic status.
1955: Proclamation of
independence effective on 1 January 1956.
Beginning of a first civil
war opposing the northern regions, whose population is predominantly
Arab-Muslim and that of the South whose population is mainly Christian and
animist. The Southern region claims autonomy from the North.
1972: Signing of the Addis
Ababa Accords between the government of Khartoum (capital of North Sudan and
present-day Sudan) and representatives of the South Sudan Liberation Movement
(SSLM).
South Sudan gains autonomy
status in a confederal framework of three provinces. The first civil war is
interrupted.
1983: Second civil war.
The North would like to
extend Islamic Sharia law to the South.
Creation of the Sudan
People's Liberation Army (SPLA), the three provinces that make up Southern
Sudan rise up.
2002: Beginning of negotiations
between Khartoum and the SPLA.
2003: Civil War in Darfur.
2005: Signing in Nairobi of a
Global Peace Agreement (CPA) between Khartoum and the SPLA which includes all
the protocols signed since 2002.
The agreement provides in
2011 for a referendum of the populations of the South to gain independence;
equitable sharing of resources, particularly oil in North and South; exemption
from the application of Islamic law to the region of the South.
2011: According to the APG
and the wishes of the citizens, South Sudan recovers at its independence.
Since 2011: Sudan and South
Sudan are still in armed conflict for control of the oil-rich Abyei region and
the demarcation of borders.
government and institutions
South Sudan is a new country
and more particularly a post-conflict country; conflicts that have weakened its
development and created instability. Since 2011, the South Sudanese Government
has been striving to create new administrative structures and systems and to
draft a new constitution in order to build on a solid foundation and ensure the
proper balance of development of southern society. Sudanese in an environment
of peace and sustainable security.
This desire to build South
Sudan remains weakened by military tensions that are both external and internal.
The presence of several
ethnic rival militias on the territory represents a significant threat to the
government that has launched a disarmament and demobilization program, without
any real success at present. The proliferation of weapons and the ensuing
tensions between communities, in addition to disputes over land or livestock,
are for the time being the main obstacles to an internal unity in the country.
These marginalized communities, sometimes considered as instrumentalized by
Karthoum, seem to have been part of a spiral of attacks and revenge, which the
Juba government is struggling to contain.
These internal conflicts can
also find an explanation in the many relentless population movements following
the many conflicts that the region has experienced.
South Sudan also faces
potential risks of conflict with the presence of the Lord's Resistance Army
(LRA) led by Joseph Kony at its borders with the Central African Republic and
the Democratic Republic of Congo, in the South. west of the territory. Joseph
Kony, whose arrest warrant for the International Criminal Court was issued in
2008, is still at large. The activities of the LRA are suspected of having
launched attacks against the population of the region and the SPLA is present
on place to try to repel rebel troops outside the borders. Joseph Kony and his
army present since the 80s in Africa are known for their extreme violence to
the people and the forced recruitment of children to join the rebellion.
External conflicts in South
Sudan are essentially the result of unresolved differences with Sudan after
secession. The stakes of such external conflicts revolve around the
exploitation of oil, the routing of it by a pipeline that crosses the two
countries to lead to Port Sudan overlooking the Red Sea, the sharing of
revenues related to this resource and the final status of the region of Abyei
located in southern Sudan and whose authority is disputed by both nations.
In addition to the oil issues
and delimitation and border security tensions also bear the status of nationals
in both territories.
Despite a volatile political
environment following the increase in military clashes since independence in
2011, the closure of the oil fields in late 2012, and the reopening of these in
2013, the two states are trying to find a certain understanding to combine
economic development and close cooperation.
socioeconomic
South Sudan is one of the
poorest countries in the world. Socio-economic conditions are relatively
weakened by the institutional and human capacities still marked by the many
years of civil war and conflict.
Below are some statistics to
illustrate the situation:
55% of the population has
access to safe drinking water
80% of the population does
not have access to a toilet
83% of the population is
rural
The infant mortality rate
is 102 per 1000 births
17% of children are
vaccinated
38% of the population has
to walk more than 30 minutes to collect improved drinking water
27% of the population does
not have access one source the energy to enlighten
The literacy rate of the
population aged 15 to 24 is 37%
51% of the population lives
below the poverty line
The Gini coefficient for
South Sudan is 0.46
1% of the South Sudanese
population has a bank account
51% of the population is
under the age of 18
72% of the population is
under the age of 30. It's the young people who suffer the most from
unemployment
economic and financial
Some data :
GDP (2012): 9,337 billion
USD
GDP per capita (2012):
around 861 USD
Since the signing of GPAs in
2005 and its independence in 2011, South Sudan has been striving to build its
economy through the establishment of economic institutions and an environment
of growth and stability. However, after many years of war peace is for the
moment the only starting point for launching the economy.
South Sudan faces a number of
handicaps that slow down its economic development:
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