معلومات عن ايطاليا بالانجليزي

 تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان تعبير عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة

information about    presentation معلومات عن جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله معلومات معلومات عن ايطاليا بالانجليزي ايطالي بالانجليزي معلومات عن ايطاليا بالانجليزي والعربي

ن روما  كلمة ايطاليا بالانجليزي

General data

Form of State: Republic, classical parliamentary system.

Language: Italian

Currency: Euro

HDI: 0.87 in 2011

Demographics: 60,864 million inhabitants in 2012.

Ethnic groups: 92% of Italians, 36% of whom are Catalan, 11% of whom are Campanians, 10% of whom are Sicilians, 6.5% of whom are Tuscans, of whom Romans4%, Sardis 2.5% and Rhetes 1.8%.

President of the Republic: Mr. Giorgio Napolitano since April 22, 2013

Capital: Rome

economic and financial

Italy is one of the top ten trading nations in the world. Trade accounts for nearly 55% of GDP. Manufactured products account for more than 90% of the country's exports. Italy has a deficit trade balance, the balance of which has worsened since the global crisis of 2008/2009, with imports growing faster than exports. In 2012, for the first time since 2004, the trade balance posted a surplus due to lower imports due to budget cuts and higher exports. This trend is expected to continue in 2013.

The main trading partners of Italy are the European Union (Germany, France, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom), China, the United States, Switzerland and Russia.

Italy is the 4th European power. It, which experienced lower growth than the European average, was severely affected by the global crisis, its economy contracting by -5% in 2009. After recovering in 2010, the Italian economy has again entered recession in the second half of 2011, and contracted by 2.3% in 2012 due to lower demand. The context of uncertainty, financial restrictions and fiscal consolidation have had a negative impact on consumption and investment.

Despite the reforms, the Italian economy went into recession, mainly because of a decline in domestic demand not offset by external demand. The economy is plagued by a colossal public debt. At the end of 2012, the country experienced a government crisis with the resignation of the government and the scheduling of early elections in 2013. Technocrat Mario Monti has planned in the 2013 budget the continuation of austerity measures aimed at restoring market confidence. Priority is given to the fight against tax evasion and the underground economy. Rising taxation, pension reform and labor market reform are on the agenda.

The unemployment rate, which has risen since the global financial crisis, is around 11%. Young people are the most affected with a rate close to 30%. Regional inequalities are significant, between the highly industrialized and very dynamic north, and the rural and poor areas of the southern Mezzogiorno, and organized crime persists.

The country was quickly affected by the global economic and financial crisis. Rome, which has almost completed its financing program for 2013, anticipates an average cost of borrowing over the year of 2.08% and plans regular issuance of 7-year maturity bonds in 2014. And adding that US investors are the first buyers of Italian bonds, ahead of the European Union and the United Kingdom.

Geographical aspects:

The country is landlocked to the north by Switzerland and Austria, to the northeast by Slovenia, to the north-west by France. They are therefore important allies and partners, particularly at the level of international trade.

The total length of the coast is 7600 km. Northern Italy includes the Alps and the Po Valley. Quaternary glaciers have dug long lakes.

Peninsular Italy has a young mountain range, the Apennines, bordered by ancient volcanoes where earthquakes are frequent and therefore risky for the country. The Tyrrhenian side, has the most active volcanoes.

In addition to the two large islands, Sicily and Sardinia, Italy has four small archipelagos: the Tuscan archipelago, with the island of Elba, the Aeolian Islands, in the north of Sicily, with Lipari and Stromboli, Campania archipelago in the Gulf of Naples with Capri and Ischia, and the Pelagian Islands between Malta and North Africa. The island of Lampedusa, located 200 km south of Sicily, belongs to the Pelages archipelago, and is one of the southernmost points of Europe. These islands are an asset for Italy but also a risk because their development remains moderate.

Environmental aspects:

Since 1961, the Italian city of Taranto has hosted the largest steel cluster in Europe, with an area of ​​approximately 15 million square meters. A 2006 Italian decree has classified it as one of the polluted sites of national interest that must be remediated, considering that it includes a "high level of pollution" and a "consequent danger to the health of the community".

The scientific community has come to justify the choice of the legislator with several studies demonstrating the dangerousness of the site, including the damage to the health of residents. In 2011, an epidemiological study established an excess of cancer mortality estimated between 10 and 15% around the Ilva plant, including a peak of 30% of lung cancers. This mortality would be due to a significant dioxin release.

In January 2012, continued exposure to pollutant emissions into the atmosphere from steel facilities caused and caused the population to degenerate phenomena of the human body that result in disease and death.

These findings led the public prosecutor to take up the problem. The environmental disaster has been formalized as part of an environmental disaster investigation. Given the magnitude of this pollution, Judge Patrizia Todisco, pronounced the sequestration of the factory Ilva July 26, 2012 until remediation of the site. It ordered the shutdown of all hot facilities indicating that the company retained the facility's ability to use the site to produce steel.

In addition, the sinking of the Costa Concordia cruise ship carries a very high risk for the environment of the island of Giglio and an intervention is urgent.

Innovation and technologies:

Italy is a little late. Indeed, the country ranks among the moderate innovators and is below the European average. Only one Italian company ranks among the most innovative companies in the world is Saipem (oil and gas) and it ranks 69th.

Research and development is a priority for Italy in the context of growth policies, contributing to the country's cultural progress and constituting a key factor in stimulating and promoting innovation processes. However, Italian spending on R & D has stagnated for several years around 1.1% to 1.2% of GDP, far behind the European average and the European Commission's target for 2020.

The revival of Italian R & D towards European average standards is a medium-long term project, which recognizes the need to allocate adequate resources to the sector but which must also be based on solid structural reforms of the system.

Conclusion

Italy is a small country in Europe that draws its strength from its various implications in international organizations. Exchanges with neighboring countries carry the country. Indeed, Italy is export-oriented with 190,000 exporting companies in 2012. Germany is the main partner of the country. However, Italy is generally lagging behind other European countries. Political instability and the crisis in Italy has weakened and made it vulnerable. Silvio Berlusconi has had a profound impact on Italian political life, both in his style of government and in the scandals and judicial challenges that have marked his political life. These repeated scandals have also contributed to the country's political instability.

From an economic point of view, the country is dominated by dynamic companies that counterbalance the negative aspects that characterize Italy. The entrepreneurial fabric is dynamic and particularly dense.

The economy has suffered from the crisis but is expected in a few years to recover to a level and a correct structure. Italy is still a country with advantages for foreign investors. Its position in the center of Europe is a strategic point and an undeniable advantage for its exchanges.

Overall the peninsula has to go through difficult situations recently, especially with the sinking of the Costa Concordia that has been controversial in the media. But the country is recovering little by little to get out of this state of crisis.