الازياء العمانية التقليدية العادات التقاليد في سلطنة عمان بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي

تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز عن. عندي بحث بالانجليزي

الملابس التقليدية في سلطنة عمان اللباس التقليدي العماني للنساء

الازياء العمانية التقليدية الزي العماني التقليدي للرجال للمرأه ازياء محافظة الشرقية

للاطفال الذي يرتديه الاطفال مقدمة عن العادات والتقاليد

خاتمة  العادات والتقاليد العمانية في الأعراس اهمية المحافظة على العادات والتقاليد

طبيعة الشعب العماني عادات و تقاليد العمانيين

  

Traditions and customs Oman

Savoir-vivre and customs

- Clothing: The traditional (and official) clothing of the country is the dishdasha, a long tunic covering men and women from the neck to the feet. It is therefore advisable to wear decent clothing out of respect for your guests. Short sleeves and bermudas are tolerated in very hot weather; as are swimsuits on the beaches or at the pool. Women should however prefer the full suit to two-piece.

- Tourist welcome! Hospitality is de rigueur, more so among the Bedouins. Do not refuse a cup of coffee or a piece of halwa ... In addition, it's very good!

- Photos: women are hiding behind their colorful veils in the presence of strangers. It is therefore difficult or impossible to draw their portrait. Their father or husband is never too far away, so ask for their permission before if you really care about it.

- Sensitive subjects: critics to the Sultan. Like other Gulf countries, Oman presents a political system effectively locked by the Sultan himself, who combines the functions of Head of State and Prime Minister. Although the process of democratization and openness to the world operates very slowly (prohibition of multiparty politics, lack of constitution and appointment by the Sultan of the main provincial governors), the results of the economy are very promising. Omanis are therefore not very proud of their monarch!

tribes

Bedouin tribes

The original civilization of Southern Arabia, already clearly attested by various writings and vestiges from the 8th century BC. J.-C., is quite well known. In this area, the prestigious kingdoms of Saba, Malin, Qataban and Hadramout had succeeded each other, and the caravan routes of these regions linked the Middle East to the Persian Gulf.

First companions of the Prophet, the spearhead of the troops parties to the conquest of the world, the Bedouins however delayed to rally to the cause of Islam. But since their conversion, they have shown an unshakeable fidelity to Muslim laws.

They begin their day with prayer, which is done around 5 am. It is in the desert with the huge dunes of Roub al-Khali that one finds the "real Arabs", according to their own terms, that is to say the Bedouins. Not to mention the inhabitants of the ports and small towns of the coast which formed a world of fishermen, sailors and traders.

But the nomads avoid as much as possible to frequent the big cities, except to stock up on food and various manufactured products. Today, the livelihoods of these nomadic tribes largely depend on the seasonal work of date palm cultivation, cereal harvesting, fishing, and livestock rearing.

Spring is the favorite time of the year for the Bedouins: the desert, watered by the rain, turns green and the different clans disperse in the pastures. It is also the time of weddings and alliances. For many, they are no longer traveling by camel but by car and, although they continue to live in tents, they embellish them with all the elements of modern comfort.

The tribe is organized around a strict patriarchal system. The sheikh (old) or sayyid (lord) is the traditional chief of a clan or tribe. By virtue of the nobility of his blood and the prestige of his office, he must perpetuate the Bedouin ideal based on the medieval tradition of chivalry and courtesy. The Omani government deploys a constant number of actions to preserve the heritage of knowledge and traditions worn by these nomads.

Intimately linked to nomadism, recited or sung poetry and music are a faithful reflection of the Bedouin mentality. The values ​​of the past are transmitted by the oral tradition of sagas. Among the musical instruments found among the nomads are bagpipes, flute and oboe, lute and violin, cymbals and two drum forms: a conical on foot and another on frame.

There are several nomadic tribes in Oman, including the Bedouins of the desert, mountain dwellers and those settled near the coast.

Although the wearing of dishdasha, Oman's official garment, is now common, we recognize the men of different tribes in the colors of their turbans (masar) and how to tie them (the hat is reserved for the inhabitants of the cities) as well as the shimmering colors of women's clothing, composed of embroidered trousers and fabrics superimposed on Indian and African motifs.

Bedouin sands

Two-thirds of Omani territory is occupied by deserts and dunes, where water points are scarce and vegetation is non-existent. The men who manage to adapt to these difficult conditions evolve in the margins of the desert Roub al-Khali, unfit for any exploitation other than the breeding of the dromedaries. Nowadays, falaj system irrigation favors permanent settlements in oasis-towns. But beyond this short radius of action, food is scarce in the desert.

In the desert, the woman, although subject in principle to the man, possesses certain parts of the tent and baggage, as well as all the sheep. On the other hand, it is the men who discuss the price of sheep and goats during long palaver. But their partners closely monitor the transactions and will need their agreement for the market to be definitively concluded.

The assembly of the tent is a feminine activity: they put the carpets on the sand and have the many cushions for rest. The women's party is separated from the men's, the only place in the house allowed to foreigners.

During the time they stay in the oases, the Bedouins make various items that they will use during subsequent trips, such as pottery.

Hospitality under the tent is one of the first duties of the nomad and is based on the notion of collective responsibility. The division of labor between the sexes is strictly fixed by custom, particularly with regard to the drink, to which is attached a very important symbolism.

Although the wealth is often limited, each family strives to have beautiful tin or copper utensils, including traditional dalla or coffee makers. Individual property is kept to a minimum, and everyone must defend community property.

The meal consists of patties made of wheat flour or barley cooked under the ashes, cold camel milk or boiled with dates. Goat meat is the most common, and a camel is slaughtered to celebrate a big event. Dried fish are bought from the coastal peoples. Men are served first and finish their meal before women start eating.

Bedouins of the mountains

These naturally remote and inaccessible areas are home to semi-nomadic populations with fierce manners. Bravery and virility are the reference values. No man goes out without his weapons, among them the sword with a broad curved blade, the khanjar. In the mountainous areas, life is rather frustrating, and the conditions of comfort are often rudimentary. Arabs who move according to ancestral rhythms perpetuate the patriarchal tradition and maintain distant relations with sedentary populations.

The Bedouin mountain economy is based on the semi-sedentary farming of sheep that provide milk, meat and leather. Women are often responsible for the flock that they graze in the few shrubs. Date palms are the first resource of mountain oases. Huge date fairs take place in Nizwa, perpetuating one of the oldest agrarian rites in this part of the world.

Another common activity during periods of sedentarization is traditional weaving on traditional trades.

The mountaineers are still very concerned by all that is related to the courteous tradition of Arab chivalry, including the prestige of weapons, rifles, daggers and revolvers. For women, respect for sharia or Islamic law includes the wearing of facial mask often bright colors, which mark their membership of a clan or a family.

Although most Omani women do not use the veil, Bedouin women still wear the burqa (black, gold or silver mask) in the traditional way. Women's jewelry, executed in silver or gold and reproducing traditional motifs, is both an aesthetic adornment and proof of the wealth and social status of the husband.

Bedouin fishermen

Although the work of the sea does not match the imagery associated with the Bedouins, they mobilize men for several months, either for fishing or for the collection of pearl oysters. The shoreline of the Arabian Sea is known in texts as the coast of ichthyophagus, or fish eaters. From Quryat to Sour, the mountain leaves little room for the coastal plain, where sardines, drying in the shade of palm trees, are still part of the landscape.

All along the coast of eastern Arabia opens a maritime pit both very deep and very close to the coast. It is a seasonal flyway and millions of sardines spend each year in schools in front of Ras al Jinz, the turtle beach. In early spring, the Bedouins, nomads of the sea, follow them. Fresh fish (tuna, giant mackerel) are sold in local markets or exported, while dried fish will feed the goats and camels of the Sultanate during the year.

The Omani government promotes the settlement of Bedouin fishermen by helping them financially when they decide to build a house. But the fishermen of the region can not settle definitively, because they live not only with the rhythm of the migrations of the fish, but they also leave from June to October in a big oasis of the interior Oman, Bilad Bani Bu Hassan, in order to harvest dates. During the summer months indeed, with the monsoon winds, the sea is too rough for us to venture there.