تعبير تقرير
برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزي
تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز عن. عندي بحث بالانجليزي
الملابس التقليدية في سلطنة عمان اللباس التقليدي العماني للنساء
الازياء العمانية التقليدية الزي
العماني التقليدي للرجال للمرأه ازياء محافظة الشرقية
للاطفال الذي يرتديه الاطفال مقدمة عن العادات والتقاليد
خاتمة العادات
والتقاليد العمانية في الأعراس اهمية
المحافظة على العادات والتقاليد
طبيعة الشعب العماني عادات و تقاليد العمانيين
Traditions and customs Oman
Savoir-vivre and customs
- Clothing: The traditional (and
official) clothing of the country is the dishdasha, a long tunic covering men
and women from the neck to the feet. It is therefore advisable to wear decent
clothing out of respect for your guests. Short sleeves and bermudas are
tolerated in very hot weather; as are swimsuits on the beaches or at the pool.
Women should however prefer the full suit to two-piece.
- Tourist welcome! Hospitality is de
rigueur, more so among the Bedouins. Do not refuse a cup of coffee or a piece of
halwa ... In addition, it's very good!
- Photos: women are hiding behind their
colorful veils in the presence of strangers. It is therefore difficult or
impossible to draw their portrait. Their father or husband is never too far
away, so ask for their permission before if you really care about it.
- Sensitive subjects: critics to the
Sultan. Like other Gulf countries, Oman presents a political system effectively
locked by the Sultan himself, who combines the functions of Head of State and
Prime Minister. Although the process of democratization and openness to the
world operates very slowly (prohibition of multiparty politics, lack of
constitution and appointment by the Sultan of the main provincial governors),
the results of the economy are very promising. Omanis are therefore not very
proud of their monarch!
tribes
Bedouin tribes
The original civilization of Southern
Arabia, already clearly attested by various writings and vestiges from the 8th
century BC. J.-C., is quite well known. In this area, the prestigious kingdoms
of Saba, Malin, Qataban and Hadramout had succeeded each other, and the caravan
routes of these regions linked the Middle East to the Persian Gulf.
First companions of the Prophet, the
spearhead of the troops parties to the conquest of the world, the Bedouins
however delayed to rally to the cause of Islam. But since their conversion,
they have shown an unshakeable fidelity to Muslim laws.
They begin their day with prayer, which
is done around 5 am. It is in the desert with the huge dunes of Roub al-Khali
that one finds the "real Arabs", according to their own terms, that
is to say the Bedouins. Not to mention the inhabitants of the ports and small
towns of the coast which formed a world of fishermen, sailors and traders.
But the nomads avoid as much as possible
to frequent the big cities, except to stock up on food and various manufactured
products. Today, the livelihoods of these nomadic tribes largely depend on the
seasonal work of date palm cultivation, cereal harvesting, fishing, and
livestock rearing.
Spring is the favorite time of the year
for the Bedouins: the desert, watered by the rain, turns green and the
different clans disperse in the pastures. It is also the time of weddings and
alliances. For many, they are no longer traveling by camel but by car and,
although they continue to live in tents, they embellish them with all the
elements of modern comfort.
The tribe is organized around a strict
patriarchal system. The sheikh (old) or sayyid (lord) is the traditional chief
of a clan or tribe. By virtue of the nobility of his blood and the prestige of
his office, he must perpetuate the Bedouin ideal based on the medieval
tradition of chivalry and courtesy. The Omani government deploys a constant
number of actions to preserve the heritage of knowledge and traditions worn by
these nomads.
Intimately linked to nomadism, recited or
sung poetry and music are a faithful reflection of the Bedouin mentality. The
values of the past are transmitted by the oral
tradition of sagas. Among the musical instruments found among the nomads are
bagpipes, flute and oboe, lute and violin, cymbals and two drum forms: a
conical on foot and another on frame.
There are several nomadic tribes in Oman,
including the Bedouins of the desert, mountain dwellers and those settled near
the coast.
Although the wearing of dishdasha, Oman's
official garment, is now common, we recognize the men of different tribes in
the colors of their turbans (masar) and how to tie them (the hat is reserved
for the inhabitants of the cities) as well as the shimmering colors of women's
clothing, composed of embroidered trousers and fabrics superimposed on Indian
and African motifs.
Bedouin sands
Two-thirds of Omani territory is occupied
by deserts and dunes, where water points are scarce and vegetation is
non-existent. The men who manage to adapt to these difficult conditions evolve
in the margins of the desert Roub al-Khali, unfit for any exploitation other
than the breeding of the dromedaries. Nowadays, falaj system irrigation favors
permanent settlements in oasis-towns. But beyond this short radius of action,
food is scarce in the desert.
In the desert, the woman, although
subject in principle to the man, possesses certain parts of the tent and
baggage, as well as all the sheep. On the other hand, it is the men who discuss
the price of sheep and goats during long palaver. But their partners closely
monitor the transactions and will need their agreement for the market to be
definitively concluded.
The assembly of the tent is a feminine
activity: they put the carpets on the sand and have the many cushions for rest.
The women's party is separated from the men's, the only place in the house
allowed to foreigners.
During the time they stay in the oases,
the Bedouins make various items that they will use during subsequent trips,
such as pottery.
Hospitality under the tent is one of the
first duties of the nomad and is based on the notion of collective
responsibility. The division of labor between the sexes is strictly fixed by
custom, particularly with regard to the drink, to which is attached a very
important symbolism.
Although the wealth is often limited,
each family strives to have beautiful tin or copper utensils, including
traditional dalla or coffee makers. Individual property is kept to a minimum,
and everyone must defend community property.
The meal consists of patties made of
wheat flour or barley cooked under the ashes, cold camel milk or boiled with
dates. Goat meat is the most common, and a camel is slaughtered to celebrate a
big event. Dried fish are bought from the coastal peoples. Men are served first
and finish their meal before women start eating.
Bedouins of the mountains
These naturally remote and inaccessible
areas are home to semi-nomadic populations with fierce manners. Bravery and
virility are the reference values. No man goes out without his weapons, among
them the sword with a broad curved blade, the khanjar. In the mountainous
areas, life is rather frustrating, and the conditions of comfort are often
rudimentary. Arabs who move according to ancestral rhythms perpetuate the
patriarchal tradition and maintain distant relations with sedentary
populations.
The Bedouin mountain economy is based on
the semi-sedentary farming of sheep that provide milk, meat and leather. Women
are often responsible for the flock that they graze in the few shrubs. Date
palms are the first resource of mountain oases. Huge date fairs take place in
Nizwa, perpetuating one of the oldest agrarian rites in this part of the world.
Another common activity during periods of
sedentarization is traditional weaving on traditional trades.
The mountaineers are still very concerned
by all that is related to the courteous tradition of Arab chivalry, including
the prestige of weapons, rifles, daggers and revolvers. For women, respect for
sharia or Islamic law includes the wearing of facial mask often bright colors,
which mark their membership of a clan or a family.
Although most Omani women do not use the
veil, Bedouin women still wear the burqa (black, gold or silver mask) in the
traditional way. Women's jewelry, executed in silver or gold and reproducing
traditional motifs, is both an aesthetic adornment and proof of the wealth and
social status of the husband.
Bedouin fishermen
Although the work of the sea does not
match the imagery associated with the Bedouins, they mobilize men for several
months, either for fishing or for the collection of pearl oysters. The
shoreline of the Arabian Sea is known in texts as the coast of ichthyophagus,
or fish eaters. From Quryat to Sour, the mountain leaves little room for the
coastal plain, where sardines, drying in the shade of palm trees, are still
part of the landscape.
All along the coast of eastern Arabia
opens a maritime pit both very deep and very close to the coast. It is a
seasonal flyway and millions of sardines spend each year in schools in front of
Ras al Jinz, the turtle beach. In early spring, the Bedouins, nomads of the
sea, follow them. Fresh fish (tuna, giant mackerel) are sold in local markets
or exported, while dried fish will feed the goats and camels of the Sultanate
during the year.
The Omani government promotes the
settlement of Bedouin fishermen by helping them financially when they decide to
build a house. But the fishermen of the region can not settle definitively,
because they live not only with the rhythm of the migrations of the fish, but
they also leave from June to October in a big oasis of the interior Oman, Bilad
Bani Bu Hassan, in order to harvest dates. During the summer months indeed,
with the monsoon winds, the sea is too rough for us to venture there.
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