MODERN LIFE BROADEN YOUR MIND
free speed fridge late install
communicate change without about
Complete with the words in the box.
Then listen and check your answers.
I’ve been sitting in this sofa / chair all day
There’s nothing / something to do today
Maybe I’ll try out a sport / game
Dribble, kick, pass, shoot and score!
Let’s get active, I wanna shout!
Come on, I think it’s time to go out!
This is really not a day to be down / lazy
If I stay inside today, I’ll go / be crazy
I know, I’ll give them / someone a call!
Steve, Fred, Mark or Paul!
I’m bored out of my mind
You know what, so / neither am I
I don’t wanna stay / be in tonight
I suppose / agree, neither do I
Circle the correct words. Then listen and check your answers.
Let’s get active!
Avoid putting hands on in Indonesia
Especially when you’re out and about
Because if you’re and anyone sees you
They’ll think you’re getting and shout.
If you want to ask someone `What’s on?’
Over in Puerto Rico, as everyone knows
It doesn’t where you may be from
There’s no need to say it, just wiggle your .
People sometimes their heads in Argentina
It just means they’re thinking, you will find
However, in other countries that I’ve been to
It often means `Are you out of your mind?’
angry nose going hips
tap matter talking
GESTURES
Poems
125
126
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Present Simple Present Progressive
usually, always, often, etc.
every day/week, etc.
in the morning/spring, etc.
on Mondays/Monday
morning, etc.
at the weekend, etc.
once/twice/three times, etc.
a week/day, etc.
now, at the moment,
today, these days,
this week/year, etc.
tonight, tomorrow, etc.
next week/year, etc.
Grammar Reference
Stative Verbs
We use the Past Simple for:
• actions that started and were completed at a specific time
in the past.
We bought our house five years ago.
• habitual or repeated actions in the past.
I always went to bed early when I lived with my parents.
• completed actions that happened one after the
other in the past.
I made a sandwich, turned on the TV and watched the match.
Past Simple
NOTE
Irregular verbs in the Past Simple don’t take -ed.
Look at the list of irregular verbs on page 135.
Module 1
Present Simple vs Present Progressive
PRESENT SIMPLE
Questions
Do I work?
Does he/she/it work?
Do we/you/they work?
Affirmative
I work
He/She/It works
We/You/They work
Negative
I don’t work
He/She/It doesn’t work
We/You/They don’t work
NOTE The Past Simple of the verb can is could.
The Past Simple of the verb be is was/were.
TIME EXPRESSIONS
last night / week / year, etc.
yesterday, ago, in 1999, etc.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Affirmative
I am working
He/She/It is working
We/You/They are working
Negative
I ’m not working
He/She/It isn’t working
We/You/They aren’t working
Questions
Am I working?
Is he/she/it working?
Are we/you/they working?
We use the
Present Simple:
• for permanent states.
Ben lives in London.
• for habits or actions that
happen regularly.
We always have breakfast at
eight.
• for general truths.
The Earth goes round the sun.
We use the Present
Progressive:
• for temporary states.
I’m taking driving lessons
this month.
• for actions happening at
the moment of speaking.
Mark is sleeping now.
• for future arrangements.
We’re flying to Acapulco
tonight.
The following verbs are not normally used in progressive tenses:
• Verbs of the senses:
feel, hear, smell, taste, seem, look (=seem), appear, etc.
• Verbs of emotion:
like, dislike, love, hate, want, need, prefer, etc.
• Verbs of perception and opinions:
know, mean, think, understand, remember, forget, imagine,
hope, believe, etc.
• Other verbs:
be, have, own, belong, cost, etc.
Affirmative
I/He/She/It
used to play
We/You/They
Negative
I/He/She/It
didn’t use to play
We/You/They
Questions
Did
I/he/she/it use to play?
we/you/they
Used to
• We use used to to talk about something that happened
regularly in the past, but no longer does.
We used to go skateboarding every afternoon when we
were young.
Affirmative
I/He/She/It
worked/went
We/You/They
Negative
I/He/She/It
didn’t work/go
We/You/They
Questions
Did
I/he/she/it work/go?
we/you/they
127
Prepositions of Time
at at six o’clock / at half past two
at noon / at night / at midnight / at midday
at the weekend
at breakfast/lunch/dinner
at fifteen / at the age of twenty
at the moment
in in the morning/afternoon/evening
in April
in spring/winter/autumn/summer
in 2006 / in the 20th century
in my free time
on on Friday
on Friday morning/afternoon, etc.
on weekdays
on 15th May
during I met him during my trip to Venice.
after He left after lunch.
before He arrived before midnight.
from... till/until/to We usually work from nine till/until/to five.
ago I came back from work an hour ago.
• We use some + uncountable / plural countable nouns in
affirmative sentences and offers.
There is some orange juice in the fridge.
Would you like some chips?
• We use any + uncountable / plural countable nouns in
questions and negative sentences.
Is there any orange juice in the fridge?
There aren’t any chips on the table.
• We use no (= not any) + uncountable / plural countable
nouns in affirmative sentences to give a negative meaning.
There is no cheese in the fridge. (= There isn’t any cheese
in the fridge.)
• We use much with uncountable nouns, in questions
and negative sentences.
We don’t have much money.
• We use many with plural countable nouns, usually in
questions and negative sentences.
There aren't many books in the bookcase.
• We use a lot of/lots of with uncountable and plural
countable nouns, usually in affirmative sentences.
There is a lot of coffee in my cup.
There are lots of apples in the fridge.
• We use a little with uncountable nouns, in affirmative
sentences.
There is a little cheese on the table.
• We use a few with plural countable nouns, in affirmative
sentences.
There are a few magazines on the table.
Module 2
Past Progressive
We use the Past Progressive:
• for actions that were happening at a specific point of
time in the past.
I was watching TV at 7 o’clock yesterday evening.
• to describe background scenes to a story.
Jack was walking in the forest and it was raining.
• for actions that were happening at the same time in
the past. In this case, we usually use while.
While I was watching TV, my mother was cooking.
Affirmative
I/He/She/It was working
We/You/They were working
Negative
I/He/She/It wasn’t working
We/You/They weren’t working
Questions
Was I/he/she/it working?
Were we/you/they working?
Quantifiers
(some/any/no/much/many/a lot of/lots of/
(a) little/(a) few)
NOTE
We use as soon as with the Past Simple.
As soon as they left, we started cleaning up the
house.
Past Simple vs Past Progressive
Time clauses (when, while, as, as soon as)
• We use the Past Progressive and the Past Simple
in the same sentence when one action interrupted
another in the past. We use the Past Progressive for
the longer action and the Past Simple for the shorter
action. In this case we usually use while, when or as.
As/While I was driving, I saw a boy in the street.
I was sleeping when the telephone rang.
• We use little with uncountable nouns, when there’s not
enough of something.
We’ve got very little time.
• We use few with plural countable nouns when there are
not enough of them.
There are very few tomatoes left.
NOTE
For emphasis we can use:
• very, so, too + little/few
There’s very little milk in my coffee.
• only + a little/a few
He’s got only a few friends.
When some, any, much, many, a lot, lots,
a little, a few are used as pronouns, they are
not followed by nouns.
Do you have any money? No, I don’t have any.
I don’t need any more hats. I have lots.
128
We use the Present Perfect Simple:
• for an action which happened in the past, but we don’t
mention when exactly.
I’ve travelled to the UAE twice.
• to talk about a state which started in the past and
continues up to the present.
I have lived in Athens since 1990. (I still live in Athens.)
• for an action which happened in the past and finished,
but the results are obvious in the present.
I’m tired. I’ve just finished studying.
Look! Jerry has broken his leg!
since/for
since + a point in time
It refers to the time when the
action started.
I’ve had this collection
since 1999.
for + a period of time
It refers to the duration of
the action.
I’ve had this collection
for six years.
Present Perfect Simple +
since + Past Simple
To indicate when an action
which started in the past and
continues up to the present
started.
Sam has written five
books since he became a
writer.
Questions
Have
Has
Have
worked/brought?
I
he/she/it
we/you/they
Affirmative
I
He/She/It
We/You/They
worked/brought
have
has
have
Present Perfect Simple
Negative
haven’t
hasn’t worked/brought
haven’t
I
He/She/It
We/You/They
TIME EXPRESSIONS
for, since, already, just, yet, recently, lately, ever, never,
how long, once, twice, before, so far, etc.
NOTE Irregular verbs on page 135.
yet/already
yet is used only with the
question and negative form
of verbs. It is placed at the
end of the sentence.
Have you finished yet?
He hasn’t arrived yet.
already is used with the
affirmative and question form
of verbs. It is placed between
the auxiliary and the main
verb, or at the end of the
sentence for emphasis.
I’ve already seen that
documentary.
You’ve finished eating
already!
have/has gone, have/has been
• have/has gone means that someone has gone somewhere
and is still there.
The Greens have gone to Rome. (= They are still in Rome.)
• have/has been means that someone has visited a place,
but has come back.
Ian has been to the new shopping centre. (He visited the
new shopping centre at some point in the past, but he’s not
there any more.)
Module 3
can/could/may
• We use Can I..?, Could I..?, May I..? to ask for
permission.
Can/Could/May I go to the festival?
Yes, you can/may.
No, you can’t/may not.
• We use Can I..?, Could I..?, May I..? to offer help and
make requests.
Can/Could/May I help you?
Can/Could/May I have some more cake?
• We use Can/Could you..? to make polite requests and
ask for a favour. Could is more polite.
Can/Could you help me open the door?
can/could/be able to
• We use can to express ability in the present.
The baby can speak.
• We use could to express ability in the past.
I could climb trees when I was young.
• Be able to expresses ability and forms all tenses. It is
mainly used in tenses where we cannot use can.
I haven’t been able to go shopping since last month.
Present Perfect Simple vs Past Simple
• We use the Present Perfect Simple for actions that
happened at some time in the past, but the exact time
is not mentioned.
I have heard this story before.
• We use the Past Simple for actions that happened at a
definite time in the past and the time is mentioned.
I heard this story on the radio last night.
• We use shall to make suggestions or to offer
to do something. Shall is used only in the first
person singular and plural (I, we).
Shall we go away for the weekend?
Shall I help you?
NOTE
free speed fridge late install
communicate change without about
Complete with the words in the box.
Then listen and check your answers.
I’ve been sitting in this sofa / chair all day
There’s nothing / something to do today
Maybe I’ll try out a sport / game
Dribble, kick, pass, shoot and score!
Let’s get active, I wanna shout!
Come on, I think it’s time to go out!
This is really not a day to be down / lazy
If I stay inside today, I’ll go / be crazy
I know, I’ll give them / someone a call!
Steve, Fred, Mark or Paul!
I’m bored out of my mind
You know what, so / neither am I
I don’t wanna stay / be in tonight
I suppose / agree, neither do I
Circle the correct words. Then listen and check your answers.
Let’s get active!
Avoid putting hands on in Indonesia
Especially when you’re out and about
Because if you’re and anyone sees you
They’ll think you’re getting and shout.
If you want to ask someone `What’s on?’
Over in Puerto Rico, as everyone knows
It doesn’t where you may be from
There’s no need to say it, just wiggle your .
People sometimes their heads in Argentina
It just means they’re thinking, you will find
However, in other countries that I’ve been to
It often means `Are you out of your mind?’
angry nose going hips
tap matter talking
GESTURES
Poems
125
126
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Present Simple Present Progressive
usually, always, often, etc.
every day/week, etc.
in the morning/spring, etc.
on Mondays/Monday
morning, etc.
at the weekend, etc.
once/twice/three times, etc.
a week/day, etc.
now, at the moment,
today, these days,
this week/year, etc.
tonight, tomorrow, etc.
next week/year, etc.
Grammar Reference
Stative Verbs
We use the Past Simple for:
• actions that started and were completed at a specific time
in the past.
We bought our house five years ago.
• habitual or repeated actions in the past.
I always went to bed early when I lived with my parents.
• completed actions that happened one after the
other in the past.
I made a sandwich, turned on the TV and watched the match.
Past Simple
NOTE
Irregular verbs in the Past Simple don’t take -ed.
Look at the list of irregular verbs on page 135.
Module 1
Present Simple vs Present Progressive
PRESENT SIMPLE
Questions
Do I work?
Does he/she/it work?
Do we/you/they work?
Affirmative
I work
He/She/It works
We/You/They work
Negative
I don’t work
He/She/It doesn’t work
We/You/They don’t work
NOTE The Past Simple of the verb can is could.
The Past Simple of the verb be is was/were.
TIME EXPRESSIONS
last night / week / year, etc.
yesterday, ago, in 1999, etc.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Affirmative
I am working
He/She/It is working
We/You/They are working
Negative
I ’m not working
He/She/It isn’t working
We/You/They aren’t working
Questions
Am I working?
Is he/she/it working?
Are we/you/they working?
We use the
Present Simple:
• for permanent states.
Ben lives in London.
• for habits or actions that
happen regularly.
We always have breakfast at
eight.
• for general truths.
The Earth goes round the sun.
We use the Present
Progressive:
• for temporary states.
I’m taking driving lessons
this month.
• for actions happening at
the moment of speaking.
Mark is sleeping now.
• for future arrangements.
We’re flying to Acapulco
tonight.
The following verbs are not normally used in progressive tenses:
• Verbs of the senses:
feel, hear, smell, taste, seem, look (=seem), appear, etc.
• Verbs of emotion:
like, dislike, love, hate, want, need, prefer, etc.
• Verbs of perception and opinions:
know, mean, think, understand, remember, forget, imagine,
hope, believe, etc.
• Other verbs:
be, have, own, belong, cost, etc.
Affirmative
I/He/She/It
used to play
We/You/They
Negative
I/He/She/It
didn’t use to play
We/You/They
Questions
Did
I/he/she/it use to play?
we/you/they
Used to
• We use used to to talk about something that happened
regularly in the past, but no longer does.
We used to go skateboarding every afternoon when we
were young.
Affirmative
I/He/She/It
worked/went
We/You/They
Negative
I/He/She/It
didn’t work/go
We/You/They
Questions
Did
I/he/she/it work/go?
we/you/they
127
Prepositions of Time
at at six o’clock / at half past two
at noon / at night / at midnight / at midday
at the weekend
at breakfast/lunch/dinner
at fifteen / at the age of twenty
at the moment
in in the morning/afternoon/evening
in April
in spring/winter/autumn/summer
in 2006 / in the 20th century
in my free time
on on Friday
on Friday morning/afternoon, etc.
on weekdays
on 15th May
during I met him during my trip to Venice.
after He left after lunch.
before He arrived before midnight.
from... till/until/to We usually work from nine till/until/to five.
ago I came back from work an hour ago.
• We use some + uncountable / plural countable nouns in
affirmative sentences and offers.
There is some orange juice in the fridge.
Would you like some chips?
• We use any + uncountable / plural countable nouns in
questions and negative sentences.
Is there any orange juice in the fridge?
There aren’t any chips on the table.
• We use no (= not any) + uncountable / plural countable
nouns in affirmative sentences to give a negative meaning.
There is no cheese in the fridge. (= There isn’t any cheese
in the fridge.)
• We use much with uncountable nouns, in questions
and negative sentences.
We don’t have much money.
• We use many with plural countable nouns, usually in
questions and negative sentences.
There aren't many books in the bookcase.
• We use a lot of/lots of with uncountable and plural
countable nouns, usually in affirmative sentences.
There is a lot of coffee in my cup.
There are lots of apples in the fridge.
• We use a little with uncountable nouns, in affirmative
sentences.
There is a little cheese on the table.
• We use a few with plural countable nouns, in affirmative
sentences.
There are a few magazines on the table.
Module 2
Past Progressive
We use the Past Progressive:
• for actions that were happening at a specific point of
time in the past.
I was watching TV at 7 o’clock yesterday evening.
• to describe background scenes to a story.
Jack was walking in the forest and it was raining.
• for actions that were happening at the same time in
the past. In this case, we usually use while.
While I was watching TV, my mother was cooking.
Affirmative
I/He/She/It was working
We/You/They were working
Negative
I/He/She/It wasn’t working
We/You/They weren’t working
Questions
Was I/he/she/it working?
Were we/you/they working?
Quantifiers
(some/any/no/much/many/a lot of/lots of/
(a) little/(a) few)
NOTE
We use as soon as with the Past Simple.
As soon as they left, we started cleaning up the
house.
Past Simple vs Past Progressive
Time clauses (when, while, as, as soon as)
• We use the Past Progressive and the Past Simple
in the same sentence when one action interrupted
another in the past. We use the Past Progressive for
the longer action and the Past Simple for the shorter
action. In this case we usually use while, when or as.
As/While I was driving, I saw a boy in the street.
I was sleeping when the telephone rang.
• We use little with uncountable nouns, when there’s not
enough of something.
We’ve got very little time.
• We use few with plural countable nouns when there are
not enough of them.
There are very few tomatoes left.
NOTE
For emphasis we can use:
• very, so, too + little/few
There’s very little milk in my coffee.
• only + a little/a few
He’s got only a few friends.
When some, any, much, many, a lot, lots,
a little, a few are used as pronouns, they are
not followed by nouns.
Do you have any money? No, I don’t have any.
I don’t need any more hats. I have lots.
128
We use the Present Perfect Simple:
• for an action which happened in the past, but we don’t
mention when exactly.
I’ve travelled to the UAE twice.
• to talk about a state which started in the past and
continues up to the present.
I have lived in Athens since 1990. (I still live in Athens.)
• for an action which happened in the past and finished,
but the results are obvious in the present.
I’m tired. I’ve just finished studying.
Look! Jerry has broken his leg!
since/for
since + a point in time
It refers to the time when the
action started.
I’ve had this collection
since 1999.
for + a period of time
It refers to the duration of
the action.
I’ve had this collection
for six years.
Present Perfect Simple +
since + Past Simple
To indicate when an action
which started in the past and
continues up to the present
started.
Sam has written five
books since he became a
writer.
Questions
Have
Has
Have
worked/brought?
I
he/she/it
we/you/they
Affirmative
I
He/She/It
We/You/They
worked/brought
have
has
have
Present Perfect Simple
Negative
haven’t
hasn’t worked/brought
haven’t
I
He/She/It
We/You/They
TIME EXPRESSIONS
for, since, already, just, yet, recently, lately, ever, never,
how long, once, twice, before, so far, etc.
NOTE Irregular verbs on page 135.
yet/already
yet is used only with the
question and negative form
of verbs. It is placed at the
end of the sentence.
Have you finished yet?
He hasn’t arrived yet.
already is used with the
affirmative and question form
of verbs. It is placed between
the auxiliary and the main
verb, or at the end of the
sentence for emphasis.
I’ve already seen that
documentary.
You’ve finished eating
already!
have/has gone, have/has been
• have/has gone means that someone has gone somewhere
and is still there.
The Greens have gone to Rome. (= They are still in Rome.)
• have/has been means that someone has visited a place,
but has come back.
Ian has been to the new shopping centre. (He visited the
new shopping centre at some point in the past, but he’s not
there any more.)
Module 3
can/could/may
• We use Can I..?, Could I..?, May I..? to ask for
permission.
Can/Could/May I go to the festival?
Yes, you can/may.
No, you can’t/may not.
• We use Can I..?, Could I..?, May I..? to offer help and
make requests.
Can/Could/May I help you?
Can/Could/May I have some more cake?
• We use Can/Could you..? to make polite requests and
ask for a favour. Could is more polite.
Can/Could you help me open the door?
can/could/be able to
• We use can to express ability in the present.
The baby can speak.
• We use could to express ability in the past.
I could climb trees when I was young.
• Be able to expresses ability and forms all tenses. It is
mainly used in tenses where we cannot use can.
I haven’t been able to go shopping since last month.
Present Perfect Simple vs Past Simple
• We use the Present Perfect Simple for actions that
happened at some time in the past, but the exact time
is not mentioned.
I have heard this story before.
• We use the Past Simple for actions that happened at a
definite time in the past and the time is mentioned.
I heard this story on the radio last night.
• We use shall to make suggestions or to offer
to do something. Shall is used only in the first
person singular and plural (I, we).
Shall we go away for the weekend?
Shall I help you?
NOTE
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