Irregular verbs
Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Base Form Past Simple Past Participle
be was/were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
speak spoke spoken
spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled
spend spent spent
spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
sting stung stung
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
write wrote written
135
Outside the class
How to learn better outside
the class
Learning Tips
In class
How to learn better in class
• Look at the board and take notes.
• Listen carefully to your teacher and the CD.
• Ask your teacher when you don’t understand.
• Speak in English as much as possible.
• Take part in pair work and group work activities.
Vocabulary
How to learn
vocabulary better
• Write down new words in a notebook.
Together with the English word:
- write the translation in your language,
- write an example sentence,
- draw or stick a picture.
• Put words in groups or use diagrams.
• Learn whole phrases (eg. verb+noun) not just isolated words.
• Learn new words in context (in sentences describing
situations). This way, it is easier to remember them.
• When you learn new words, you must remember if they are
verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc.
• When you learn new words, it’s a good idea to learn any
synonyms and/or opposites.
• Refer to the Word List.
• Practise the spelling and pronunciation of new words.
• Look up unknown words in a dictionary. There, you can find
a lot of useful information about a word: pronunciation, word
class (noun, verb, etc.), meaning and example sentence.
• Regularly revise words you have learnt.
• Try to use words you have recently learnt when you speak or
write.
• Before you speak, make sure you understand the task and
how you should use the prompts.
• Look at the example and use the prompts given.
• Use the language you have learnt.
• When talking to another person, listen carefully to him/her
and respond to what he/she is saying (e.g. I agree, I don’t
know about that). Also, show interest or surprise by using
phrases like Really?, Did you?, etc.
• Don’t be afraid to make mistakes when you speak.
• Speak only in English.
Speak
How to do better when
doing speaking tasks
Grammar
How to learn grammar better
• Refer to the Grammar Reference.
• Use grammar tables.
• Have a grammar notebook.
In it write: - tips and/or rules in your language,
- example sentences,
- important grammatical points
e.g. irregular verbs.
• Make a note of grammatical errors that you often make.
• Read the dialogues and texts from your book and listen to
your CD.
• Read the dialogues and texts aloud and sometimes record
yourself.
• Study the vocabulary and grammar and then do your
homework.
• Read selected texts from magazines and newspapers in
English.
• Watch TV programmes in English.
136
Read
How to do better when
doing reading tasks
• Before you read, try to predict what the text is about with the
help of the title and the pictures.
• Look for key words in the text to understand the main ideas.
• Try to understand which of the words in the text are really
important. Try to guess the meaning of as many of these
words as possible from the context. Use the following
strategies:
- Read the words before and after the unknown word and
think of the situation.
- Try to figure out what part of speech (verb, noun, etc.) the
unknown word is.
- See if the unknown word is similar to other words in English
or in your own language.
• Read the text quickly to understand the main idea.
• Read the text carefully to understand specific details.
• Decide in which part of the text you can find the information
you need.
• Make sure you understand who or what the pronouns (he, it,
this, them, etc.) and the adverbs (here, there, etc.) refer to in
the text.
Listen
How to do better when
doing listening tasks
• Before you listen, read the rubric carefully and look at the
pictures, maps, etc. Try to predict what the speakers are
going to talk about.
• Before you listen, read the statements or questions carefully.
This will give you an idea of what to listen for.
• While listening, try to understand the general idea, not every
single word.
• Listen for key words to understand the main ideas.
• While listening, don’t assume that an answer is correct just
because the speakers mention a word that is in the activity.
Listen carefully before you answer.
• Pay attention to the speakers’ tone of voice to understand
how they feel.
• When completing sentences, make sure that your answers
make sense.
Write
How to do better when
doing writing tasks
Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Base Form Past Simple Past Participle
be was/were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
speak spoke spoken
spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled
spend spent spent
spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
sting stung stung
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
write wrote written
135
Outside the class
How to learn better outside
the class
Learning Tips
In class
How to learn better in class
• Look at the board and take notes.
• Listen carefully to your teacher and the CD.
• Ask your teacher when you don’t understand.
• Speak in English as much as possible.
• Take part in pair work and group work activities.
Vocabulary
How to learn
vocabulary better
• Write down new words in a notebook.
Together with the English word:
- write the translation in your language,
- write an example sentence,
- draw or stick a picture.
• Put words in groups or use diagrams.
• Learn whole phrases (eg. verb+noun) not just isolated words.
• Learn new words in context (in sentences describing
situations). This way, it is easier to remember them.
• When you learn new words, you must remember if they are
verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc.
• When you learn new words, it’s a good idea to learn any
synonyms and/or opposites.
• Refer to the Word List.
• Practise the spelling and pronunciation of new words.
• Look up unknown words in a dictionary. There, you can find
a lot of useful information about a word: pronunciation, word
class (noun, verb, etc.), meaning and example sentence.
• Regularly revise words you have learnt.
• Try to use words you have recently learnt when you speak or
write.
• Before you speak, make sure you understand the task and
how you should use the prompts.
• Look at the example and use the prompts given.
• Use the language you have learnt.
• When talking to another person, listen carefully to him/her
and respond to what he/she is saying (e.g. I agree, I don’t
know about that). Also, show interest or surprise by using
phrases like Really?, Did you?, etc.
• Don’t be afraid to make mistakes when you speak.
• Speak only in English.
Speak
How to do better when
doing speaking tasks
Grammar
How to learn grammar better
• Refer to the Grammar Reference.
• Use grammar tables.
• Have a grammar notebook.
In it write: - tips and/or rules in your language,
- example sentences,
- important grammatical points
e.g. irregular verbs.
• Make a note of grammatical errors that you often make.
• Read the dialogues and texts from your book and listen to
your CD.
• Read the dialogues and texts aloud and sometimes record
yourself.
• Study the vocabulary and grammar and then do your
homework.
• Read selected texts from magazines and newspapers in
English.
• Watch TV programmes in English.
136
Read
How to do better when
doing reading tasks
• Before you read, try to predict what the text is about with the
help of the title and the pictures.
• Look for key words in the text to understand the main ideas.
• Try to understand which of the words in the text are really
important. Try to guess the meaning of as many of these
words as possible from the context. Use the following
strategies:
- Read the words before and after the unknown word and
think of the situation.
- Try to figure out what part of speech (verb, noun, etc.) the
unknown word is.
- See if the unknown word is similar to other words in English
or in your own language.
• Read the text quickly to understand the main idea.
• Read the text carefully to understand specific details.
• Decide in which part of the text you can find the information
you need.
• Make sure you understand who or what the pronouns (he, it,
this, them, etc.) and the adverbs (here, there, etc.) refer to in
the text.
Listen
How to do better when
doing listening tasks
• Before you listen, read the rubric carefully and look at the
pictures, maps, etc. Try to predict what the speakers are
going to talk about.
• Before you listen, read the statements or questions carefully.
This will give you an idea of what to listen for.
• While listening, try to understand the general idea, not every
single word.
• Listen for key words to understand the main ideas.
• While listening, don’t assume that an answer is correct just
because the speakers mention a word that is in the activity.
Listen carefully before you answer.
• Pay attention to the speakers’ tone of voice to understand
how they feel.
• When completing sentences, make sure that your answers
make sense.
Write
How to do better when
doing writing tasks
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