معلومات عن الهند بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان تعبير عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة

information about    presentation معلومات عن مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله معلومات

 موضوع انجليزي عن الهند سهل تاج محل

Overview

The Republic of India is a country in South Asia. It is a republic since August 15, 1947 and the current president is Pranab MUKHERJEE (since July 2012). The country is subdivided into five regions. Its capital is New Delhi. English and Hindi are the official languages and the currency in circulation is Rupi.

Until the last legislative elections, which took place on Friday, May 16, 2014, it was the Congress Party that held the majority in Parliament since 2004. But the legislative elections of May 2014 brought the Hindu Nationalist Party: the Bharatiya Janata Party to victory.

With an area of 3,287,263 km², India had a population of 1.237 billion in 2012, a density of 377 inhabitants / m². In 2011, the life expectancy is 66 years, knowing that almost half of the population under 25 years. The literacy rate is 74.04%. With an average Human Development Index of 0.55, India ranks 136th out of 187 in 2012 according to the UN ranking. The majority of the population consists of Hindus (80.5%) and Muslims (13.4%).

Socio-economic conditions

Despite a positive economic growth of 5.5%, the unemployment rate is 9.9% in 2012 (9.8% in 2010). However, more than 75% of the Indian population lives on less than $ 2 a day. The massive rural exodus during the 2000s is of the order of 59%. Today, this phenomenon is materialized by gigantic shantytowns, particularly in Mumbai. The Indian population is young because half is under 25 years old. This youth is an asset that will last for several decades, without India having to worry about the problems of older people.

c. Internal conflicts

Since the partition of India in 1947, some regions remain in conflict with the rest of the country.

Kashmir is a region that is disputed by India and Pakistan. India controls two-thirds, the most fertile part, while Pakistan has the mountainous area. Due to the cohabitation of peoples of different ideology and the question of allocation of waters of the Indus this area is under tension. Moreover, world powers are taking sides in the conflict, adding to existing tensions: Pakistan is supported by the United States and then by China, and India has received support from Russia. In 2005, a peace agreement is established: "bus diplomacy". However, the deal will be short-lived because one year later, Mumbay is facing an attack organized by Pakistan. In September 2013, the two prime ministers of India and Pakistan agreed to improve relations.

Ethnic pressures

Hindus / Muslims: Community tensions are influenced by the disagreement between India and Pakistan. To this day Hindus are much more numerous than Muslims. However, Muslim population growth is more important for Muslims. Moreover, it is possible to convert to Islam but not to Hinduism: one is born Hindu, one does not become it. On the other hand, some low-caste Hindus and untouchables will convert to Buddhism or Islam. One can then think that the Muslims could take the power of India in a few years.

With a very heterogeneous population: the big cities and the contours of the river are regions open to international and thus rather rich, while the region of the East and Center-North are desert, the union is difficult and peoples (especially Kashmir) want their independence. Conflicts and attacks are recurrent on the territory.

India is part of the South Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), which includes the following seven countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives. Its GDP represents 80% of that of all member countries. Starting with this advantage, India sees no interest in strengthening links between members. Conversely, the other six states will instead unite against India. There are problems within this association, especially in terms of energy and rivers that cross several territories. Outside this union, India disagrees with its neighbors on other points.

Pakistan: There is a discomfort between these two countries with differing opinions. On the one hand, India accuses Pakistan of letting extremist Islamic movements whip up attacks on its entire territory or to organize them itself. On the other hand, Pakistan believes that India is violating human rights, especially in Kashmir. He also denounced the help that India would bring to the rebel movements. But a peace agreement between the two countries would be outstanding, especially as economic exchanges between them are increasing. Between 2004 and 2011, trade has increased ninefold.

Sri Lanka: The Tigers of Liberation of Tamil Ilam (TLIT) is a terrorist movement. They want to become an independent state in the northern and eastern provinces of Sri Lanka. They are supported by Indians from the southern border region of Tamil Nadu. Support is characterized by financial, human and material support. India attempted to reconcile the Sri Lankan state to the Tamil people in 1995, but that did not succeed.

economic and financial

GDP: $ 1,848 billion (2011, World Bank)

GDP per capita: $ 1,488 (2011, World Bank)

Growth rate: 6.8% (2011, World Bank)

Inflation rate: 7.9% (2011, World Bank)

Budget balance: -3.4% of GDP (2011, IMF)

Trade balance: -168 billion dollars (2011, IMF)

Its foreign exchange reserves amount to more than 200 billion dollars.

India is now the fourth largest economy in the world, after the United States, Germany and Japan. By 2020, it could move to third place ahead of Japan but far behind the United States and China. Its rise is due to the development of the private sector.

India is the leading producer of spices and milk. It is the second largest producer of rice, legumes, tea, fruits and vegetables and sugar cane. And the third largest producer of wheat and cotton. India can thus feed the whole of its population, even if malnutrition persists.

 geological

The monsoon is affecting this country and agriculture, among other things, is suffering the consequences. The water is more and more polluted and generates serious health problems.

The east coast of India is affected by cyclones from September to December. And India is in a seismic zone.

Weight of the country in international institutions

India is not a member of major international institutions such as the OECD, IEA, nor a permanent member of the UN Security Council. However, it is catching up with its active and leading role in the G20. The country has, moreover, a growing influence among the WTO.

Technologies and innovations

India is a technological niche. India has well-known centers of excellence, such as biotechnology, the pharmaceutical industry, software production and the space industry.

It is an international competitor in the space field. The country is launching its own satellites and an observation satellite with a definition of one meter is under development. For this, it provides special economic zones, such as Chenai.

Its scientific potential is asserting itself. For the second time, the presidency of the International Science Council is assumed by an Indian. 400,000 engineers graduate each year from universities and other higher education institutions, as much as in the United States and more than in the whole of Europe.

Nuclear power

Nuclear power is a complement of energy to cope with the growing demand of the country. To date, India imports 70% of its oil and its dependence on hydrocarbons will grow. The Iran-Pakistan-India IPI project, also known as the "Peace Pipeline", will not come to fruition due to pressure from the United States. However, a new project is underway, the TAPI Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India, although this seems to be unachievable as the pipelines would pass through very animated and guerrilla-driven areas. The country has 21 refineries including one in Gujarat, in Jamnagar, which is the largest in the world.