معلومات عن المانيا بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان تعبير عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة 

information about    presentation معلومات عن جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله معلومات عن 

ألمانيا نقاط الاهتمام الجنس المانيا الشرقية عدد سكان المانيا 2016 2017 2018 

منتخب  المانيا العرب المسافرون فرانك فالتر شتاينماير حقائق عن ألمانيا المعلومات والبيانات والحقائق والأرقام عن ألمانيا كيف تكتب المانيا بالانجليزي  germany 

german language

GERMANY: A FUTURE HAS CHALLENGES

Germany is a country of Central Europe. The country is at the heart of the old continent as evidenced by its geographical position as it is surrounded by many countries: Denmark, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and France.

With an area of ​​357,027 km2, it is only the eighth largest country in Europe, but its population of 80,523,700 (2012) makes it the most populous country in the European Union. Its capital, Berlin, is located in the north-east of the country and forms a full-fledged state with about 3.5 million inhabitants.

The history of Germany is marked by conflicts and wars well before the two world wars. The country, officially born in 1871, belonged formerly to different empires that marked their time (Roman Empire, Prussia Empire, Germanic Empire), but the war of 39-45, will remain for many as the most significant in German history. It resulted in a division of the country that did not meet until 1989 with the fall of the Berlin Wall. Since 1949, Germany has been a Federal Republic governed by a constitution called the Basic Law.

The German flag has undergone many changes in line with the political changes in this country and its particularly turbulent history. After the end of the Second World War, the flag used is the very one that the Nazi government banned. Composed of three horizontal bands, its colors would find their origins in the Napoleonic Wars with black, symbol of dark servitude, red, blood and gold, freedom. Since 1949, the German flag has remained the same, but because of the Nazi past, it was not until the football world cup in 2006 in Germany to see its inhabitants brandishing it proudly.

The official language of the country is German, which is a mother tongue for more than 90% of the population, although there are variations between the different regions. Standard German is Low German (Northern Plains dialect) and High German (Central and Southern Plains dialect). Four ethnic minorities are recognized in Germany, namely Danes, Frisians, Gypsies and Sorbs. There are in fact many more, but few official censuses are carried out in Germany. Thus, other languages ​​spoken in the image of its minorities are numerous, but poorly represented (low percentage of the population). We can mention Polish, Danish, Sorbian, Frisian, Turkish or Serbian ...

Germany is also diverse in terms of its religions. We find in the country, the three monotheisms that are Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Among Christians, the country is populated by both Catholics and Protestants in similar proportions (32.9% against 32.5%). The majority of Protestants are found in the North and East of the country, and Catholics in the South. Muslims make up about 3% of the population with a Sunni majority, mostly from Turkish immigration. Finally, Jews are still represented in Germany and their number is even increasing. Given the history of this community within the country, it enjoys privileged relationships and help to promote its development.

Because of its presence in the European Union and therefore the European Exchange Market, Germany has abandoned the German Mark in favor of the Euro it uses since 1999. In addition, in 2013, the country conferred on Bitcoint (virtual currency not dependent on any central bank or financial institution) the status of official currency. The recognition of this electronic money exchanging on the Internet has provoked many reactions, which could confirm the hypothesis of Germany's low confidence in the Euro.

As said before, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union. Among its 80 million inhabitants, there are about 6/7 million foreigners. With a density of 225 inhabitants per km2, it is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe with a greater concentration in the west of the country. Germany is an aging country with one of the lowest birth rates in the world (8.25 per thousand), due to a family policy (problems of nurseries, childcare ...) and the precarious situation some inhabitants discourage them.

Thus, currently the German population increases only because of the immigration of foreigners mainly in the west of the country where living conditions are better. This is undoubtedly one of the major problems of the country, namely how to revive the family dynamics and cope with the many pensions to finance. The Human Development Index ranks Germany fifth with an HDI of 0.920. As part of the category of countries with a very high HDI, this one decreases when one takes into account inequalities reaching 0,856.

Since the establishment of the Federal Republic in 1949 and after the reunification of Germany, there have been no major developments in the practice of politics. The country has chosen to resort to the rationalization of the government's responsibility to avoid the instability and trauma of a new Weimar Republic. This results in a relatively complex system with an organization according to the principle of separation of powers.

Thus the German parliament breaks down into two entities:

- The Bundestag (parliamentary assembly) resulting from direct federal legislative elections (4 years of office) has a central power in controlling the action of the federal government. The voting system with electors having one vote to elect a member in their constituency and a second to vote for a party's list (often the choice of party is in agreement with the chosen candidate) guarantees for each party that to obtain a number of seats proportional to the number of votes obtained by the party and because of a clause obliging the parties to collect at least 5% of the votes cast or to have 3 deputies elected to belong to the Bundestag, this allows the parliament to to be composed of few parties and majority parties favoring the development of the country's policy.

- The Bundesrat (Federal Council), comprising representatives of the 16 German Länder and with 69 votes, participates in the legislative action of the country. The members are appointed by the Länder Governments. . The proposed texts all go before the Bundesrat before the Bundestag. Some laws have to be approved by a majority of both houses, while the Bundestag can oppose the refusal of the Bundesrat for others. This shows the need for collaboration, consultation between the two chambers.

The executive power is represented by the federal president who is elected for 5 years (renewable once) by Bundestag and Bundesrat members, but his functions are rather limited; most of the executive power is represented by the Federal Chancellor, head of government. The Chancellor is elected at the proposal of the President by the Bundestag for a period of four years, renewable several times. Ministers are appointed by the President without the Bundestag having a say.

To promote the stability of the political system, it is possible for the parliament to overthrow the Chancellor, provided that he has already chosen his replacement by the majority, which prevents extreme coalitions without real project behind and pushes for solutions by consultation in case of difficulties. The President, on the other hand, may dissolve the Bundestag at the request of the Chancellor or if he is not trusted. There is talk of a vote of confidence which, if it leads to a rejection of trust, leads to the appointment of a new chancellor or the dissolution of parliament. Thus, parliamentarians are limited in their possibilities.

This complex model of German government management is considered by many to be a success, as the country marked by the troubles of the two world wars has managed to recover politically so far.

socio-economic:

Germany is often cited as an example of European success in a context of economic crisis and globalization exacerbating competition between countries.

For example, the country's unemployment rate has been falling steadily over the last few years, unlike many of its neighboring countries, whose unemployment rates are steadily rising. It increased from 6.1% in 2011 to 5.5% in 2012 and 5.3% in July 2013. The youth unemployment rate is identical to that of the global population, which is relatively rare when knows that youth employment is mainly affected by the crisis.

But these figures should not hide the reality of a true disparity within Germany. Some regions are in full employment (Bavaria) while others are well above the average of the country (Berlin: 12.3%). In addition, some residents are in advanced poverty situations. The reform of the German labor market which has favored precarious employment has certainly reduced unemployment in Germany, but the unemployed are the most affected by poverty in the European Union; 70% receive less than 950 euros per month compared with 45% in the EU. The impoverishment of the workers is increasing, they represent today about 20%, proof that the German conditions are not optimal for all.

ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL

GDP per capita € 41,865.52

GDP growth rate + 0.3% in July 2013

+ 0.7% in 2012

Annual inflation rate 2.1% in 2012

1.9% in April 2O13

Budget balance (% of GDP) + 0.2% in 2012

Current balance (as a% of GDP) 81.9% of GDP in 2012

External debt (in% of GDP) $ 6905 billion / + 100% of GDP

Trade balance + € 235 billion or 7% of GDP in 2012

Exchange rate stability Euro (EUR) - Average annual exchange rate for 1 USD: 0.78 in 2012

The fourth largest economy behind the United States, China and Japan, Germany is the world's largest exporter of goods, which explains in part its large trade surplus. The German economy is one of the most competitive in the world and owes a lot to its industrial sector, among the most powerful in the image of its automotive sector (40% of German exports). However, the country is in debt and knows disparities in its economic development between different regions, like the East in reconstruction and less industrially dynamic than the West and North.

EOGRAPHICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL

The map below shows the risk levels for the different regions where seismic risks are mainly identified in the south-west of the country.

Germany is aware of the need to protect nature and the environment and is pursuing a policy at this level. But paradoxically, it faces pollution problems. It has seen the destruction of many forest areas and radioactive contamination of soil, water (Elbe particularly polluted) due in particular to the exploitation of uranium. Finally, the country is not immune to floods as in August 2005 in Bavaria or even storms.

The main health risks identified in Germany are related to diseases transmitted by insect bites or contact with animals (tick problems in some areas).

Overall, the country has no major geographical and environmental risks, being in a favorable geographical position and having adequate living conditions, prevention and access to care.

CONCLUSION

Marked by a difficult history, the country has managed to recover from the Second World War to become today a major player in the world, forming an undeniable economic and political power. With a strong industrial sector, the country has managed to cope with the crisis by reforming its labor market playing on flexibility and increased job insecurity. With positive GDP growth, and a lower unemployment rate than other major European countries, Germany has positive overall indicators of its socio-economic situation. But the country is actually marked by profound differences between regions of the country and between individuals. The precarious situation faced by some workers and the obligation for retirees to return to work makes it difficult to question the real misdeeds of German labor policy. The country is aging and is likely to run out of manpower, which may compromise German industrial strength.

The country has gradually grown after 1990, its influence and role in international relations in the image of its central position in the EU to become a power on the international scene. Not immune to terrorism, the country is also on the alert against any overflow at the level of these political parties in order to avoid reviewing extreme extremes.

The country has always oscillated between modernity, freedom and rigor to establish itself as the number 1 force on the European continent. But no doubt that because of the emergence of certain countries and Germany's own situation, the future does not seem so obvious and will undoubtedly go through new reforms, new changes.