تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن  تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة عن مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر  ابتدائي جمل  سهل وقصير معالم  موقع  تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع  ابراج خمس جمل قديما  أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location  my country uae كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية  معلومات عن نيجيريا بالانجليزي بحث عن نيجيريا بالانجليزي أبوجا  محمد بخاري بوكو حرام عدد سكان نيجيريا ونسبة المسلمين أكبر المدن في نيجيريا من حيث عدد السكان اسماء اقاليم نيجيريا

nigeria capital

Nigeria or the Federal Republic of Nigeria is located in the heart of equatorial Africa, south of the Sahel, along the Gulf of Guinea. The head of state who is also head of government is Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. He is head of the country since May 5, 2010. The population has about 168 million people (the forecasts project 100 million inhabitants in
more by 2060), making it the most populous state in Africa and the 7th in the world. The three main ethnic groups can be roughly distinguished from a state of about two hundred and fifty. The Hausa-Fulanis in the north, which today represent about 40 to 45
% of the population, the Yorubas to the southwest (about 20 to 25% of the population) and the Ibos to the southeast (10 to 15% of the population). The remaining third of the population is made up of multiple minorities, the most prominent of which are Kanouris, Noupés and Tivs in the north, Efiks, Ijaws, Itsekiris and Ibidios in the south-east. In addition, the north is predominantly Muslim, when the south is predominantly Christian. To these two monotheisms we will add traditional religions. The official language is English, but with the country surrounded by French-speaking states, French education became compulsory in 1998. At the same time, there are nearly 400 languages. There are three main groups: the Western Sudanese languages, the languages of the Niger-Volta region and the Sudanese languages of the center. The three officially recognized regional languages are Hausa (in the north), Ibo (in the southeast) and Yoruba (in the west). These languages are spoken by about 65% of the population. The Human Development Index is 0.459 which places Nigeria 156th out of 187. The currency is the Naira (1 € worth 207.01 Naira on 01/01/2012).

policy

The election of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan was considered democratic because free and credible. The institutions are well established and the political and democratic process is not particularly threatened by potential coups d'etat, as is often the case in the region. In this respect, the government and politics are stable, which is also rare in the region. The threat comes mainly from religious discordance between majority Muslims in the north and majority Christians in the south. Indeed, Boko Haram, an Islamist sect, has declared sharia law in several regions of the north, but the Senate has declared this decision unconstitutional. As a result, the government responds with violence, with recourse to the army, to dislodge the members of this sect from the northern regions of the country. The state of emergency was several times decreed to try to stabilize a situation that was starting to elude him. The problem is today, still not resolved. The country is also regularly rocked by attacks and attacks in the proper sense, between the Muslim and Christian camps, each one not tolerating the other. One can indeed speak of religious and ethnic hatred, each ethnic group being associated with the practice of its religion.

The other source of instability comes from the south in the oil-rich Niger Delta, where the Niger Delta Emancipation Movement (MEND), has openly declared war on the federal state and the oil companies, for counter the exploitation of deposits that is disastrous for the people and the local ecosystem. The movement itself has now been muted, a presidential amnesty has also entered into force for the militants of the MEND. But the area still remains a source of chronic instability.

A third source of turbulence comes from the Bakassi Peninsula. It is at the origin of a territorial conflict between Cameroon and Nigeria. The latter has long occupied the territory rich in oil. But in August 2008, sovereignty is transferred to Cameroon. But it is not impossible that a new conflict bursts between these two countries in case of changes of political leaders in one of the belligerents.

Finally, it is not impossible for a conflict in a neighboring country to have repercussions, in particular through a massive influx of refugees. But we can see that there is still a buffer country between Nigeria and the so-called "at risk" countries like the Central African Republic, Sudan or Mali, for example. As a result, this risk is not the most threatening of those mentioned.

However, there is the case of security for foreign nationals. Westerners are regularly victims of attacks, particularly in areas related to oil exploitation. In October 2006, rebel movements attack and take hostage about sixty

employees of an oil installation of the Royal Dutch Shell Group. The French embassy on site has also distributed a map representing the areas to avoid, which is the content:

We can see that the whole country is a source of potential danger. The orange zones represent the points where the economic activity requires a mandatory presence, but it is clear that this is strongly discouraged. Red areas should be avoided regardless of the reason for the presence.

We see a real danger for expatriates. This danger is the same for nationals, as we have seen with regular attacks, when they are only attacks and not armed attacks, which are even more dangerous because they are more extensive on the territory. territory. In an attempt to remedy this, the government spends 13.6% of the 2013 budget on security. But it is obvious that the effects are very limited in the immediate future.

To conclude, let us mention the trust that can be granted to the political class and more generally to public institutions. Although the government makes the fight against corruption one of its main objectives, Nigeria remains ranked 139th out of 176 in Transparency International's 2012 ranking, the corruption index being 27/100. In comparison France is 22nd with a score of 71/100.

economic and financial

In the long run, Nigeria's ambition is to be among the world's top 20 most successful economies by 2020. But many challenges remain to be met to reach this ambitious but not unrealistic goal.

GDP reached $ 262.6 billion in 2012, which represents an increase of + 7.5% compared to 2011. This corresponds to a GDP / inhabitant / year of $ 1,555 current. But this representation has no interest given the huge disparities that exist. This is evidenced by the fact that 63% of the population lives on less than $ 1 a day. In contrast, Nigeria is the country with the most billionaires in Africa. There are 20 of them. It is therefore typical of countries that are still looking for a path of development and whose wealth is not redistributed. Thus, the overall unemployment rate stood at 23.9% in 2011, which leaves without labor income about 40 million inhabitants, a considerable figure, but to relativize because agriculture accounts for 35.2% of GDP. Many people live on their own farms and farms in the traditional way, as is often the case in Africa, unlike our Western societies. However, a rare fact in the region, the trade balance is $ 60 billion in surplus, mainly due to oil exports. This strong currency inflow allows the country to maintain a debt ratio of 19% of GDP, much lower than France, for example, where the rate flirting with 90%. Finally inflation, however long contained a single figure, ends the year 2012 at a rate of 11.4%, which tends to reduce the value of the naira, the national currency, even if it remains still mastered.

The Nigerian economy is therefore booming, driven by hydrocarbons, but large disparities remain, which keeps a majority of the population in a state of impoverishment. As for the state, it wants to be a good manager of public funds. Nigeria is thus the first country to repay all of its debt to the Paris Club and it also maintains a positive budget balance despite slippages between 2008 and 2011. These policies maintain a currency at a relatively stable level compared to neighboring countries, although the risk of a strong devaluation should not be ruled out, as was the case in 2007 when a general strike was declared to protest the sharp rise in prices. Apart from this financial hazard, there are real reasons for hope in achieving the objective stated above, and FDI is highly conceivable for a company wishing to establish itself in the country, with a preference for the south, more dynamic than the north. Given the large population and current growth, there is something to be optimistic about setting up in this country to develop an activity related to the needs of these inhabitants.
geographical and environmental
As late as October 2013, a cholera epidemic has claimed more than

50 dead in a state of northwestern Nigeria. These diseases eradicated from our western societies, are still numerous in this region, because of the high heat and high humidity, which combined promote the spread of these viruses. AIDS, malaria, meningitis, polio or cholera are still ubiquitous in this country. As a result, life expectancy at birth is 53 in 2013. That is why vaccines are mandatory before they want to settle in Nigeria. But in parallel with these health issues, there is a serious ecological danger. As we have seen, the south and more particularly the Niger Delta is full of oil. And its exploitation is catastrophic. This is evidenced by regular pipeline explosions, particularly in Lagos, due either to sabotage or almost non-existent maintenance. It is common to find drilled pipes, which flow oil in the middle of the forest for example. The waste due to this exploitation, are inevitable in this region made of water points and forests, a landscape comparable to the Amazon. We can easily speak of a generalized ecological disaster, which affects the ecosystem as much as the population. The UN estimates that the extent of oil pollution in the Niger Delta (after 50 years of crude oil extraction, nine million barrels spilled into it) is such that it may require the largest cleaning operation ever carried out in the world. Attests to this photo showing how much oil has mingled with the surrounding nature:
Conclusion


We will support our conclusion with a SWOT analysis of the country.


STRENGTHS

 Stable political regime

 High growth economy, driven by natural resources in quantity
 Many FDI mainly from oil companies
 Powerful and well equipped army for the region, orderly, efficient and loyal to the government
 Certain diplomatic influence, particularly in the framework of ECOWAS
 Cultural impact and power of the film sector WEAKNESSES

 Ethnic / religious conflicts incessant

 Fracture North / South

 Security instability due to many rebel groups
 Strong economic inequalities and a population living mostly in a state of extreme poverty
 Ecological disaster inherent to oil exploitation in the Niger Delta
 Recurrent health crises, with chronic disease outbreaks
 An army struggling to cope with its domestic and international prerogatives simultaneously
OPPORTUNITIES

 Economic vectors to fully exploit (oil, agriculture, cinema)
 A young and dynamic population

 A political, economic and military leadership role that can only strengthen its power on the continent
 Enjoy the slow but realistic development of this region THREATS

 Chronic instability of the region

 Threats coming from rebel groups both from outside and from inside
 Territorial conflict that may resurface with Cameroon
 Interference of major Western oil groups
 Severe ecological threat in the long term

 A population that exponentially believes

We see that the strengths of the country are counterbalanced by its weaknesses, and that these forces will become real opportunities, when the weaknesses will be reduced to a minimum. The element that seems most stable is the political factor. The government is stable and finds legitimacy in the eyes of the people. At the same time, the population is divided into multiple ethno-religious groups and a real North / South divide occurs. One could draw parallels with the situation in Sudan which led to the creation of two separate States. But economically, it is obvious that this state is one of the most dynamic of the continent. But this growth will be truly a source of development when it is mastered, income will be better distributed and collateral damage will be annihilated. What has proved interesting in this study is to see a country with real strengths but at the same time, do not know how to master them totally and above all must face multiple uncertainties and instabilities. Once he has mastered these factors, he will undoubtedly be one of the powers to be considered around the world, and the weight of his decisions will have an impact on him, just as the current ruling powers.

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