معلومات عن البرتغال بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة

information about   paragraph  presentation  عن مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة 

عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون لشبونة ترجمة و معنى  عاصمة

معلومات عن البرتغال بالانجليزي

Portugal enjoys an interesting geostrategic position, the country is indeed at the crossroads of the Atlantic and America, Europe and Africa. Lajes Air Force Base in the Azores is also important for NATO because it represents a logistics stop for US war operations in the Middle East. It is also a gateway to Europe for CPLP (Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries) countries. This geostrategic position explains the supremacy of the Portuguese Maritime Empire (black border board), which was the first empire in history since 1415, with territories on five continents, and which remained the longest of the European colonial empires (more of 6 centuries).

IDENTITY RECORD

Area 92.212 km²

Population (thousands) 10,493 (1st quarter 2013)

Labor Force (thousand) 5,392 (1st quarter 2013)

Population density (hab / km²) 114.3 (2012)

Official designation Portuguese Republic

Capital Lisbon (2.1million inhabitants in metropolitan area)

Dominant Roman Catholic Religion

Official language (since 2001) Portuguese

Euro currency

GDP 165.247 million euros (2013 estimate)

GDP per capita 19,223 euros (estimate 2013)

The Portuguese flag:

This flag was officially adopted on June 30, 1911. It marks the end of the monarchy and the beginning of the Portuguese Republic, in 1910. Portugal is today in its third republic since 1976. There is only one official language in Portugal, the Portuguese, proclaimed official language in 2001 only, indeed this detail had not been specified in the Portuguese constitution. Portuguese is the official language of several countries in the world, including former Portuguese colonies: Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Macau, Mozambique, Sao Tome and principle , East Timor. It is also spoken in Daman and Diu and Goa, India, which represent part of the former Portuguese state of India. Portuguese is the fifth most spoken language in the world, the most spoken in South America and the Southern Hemisphere in general, thanks in particular to Brazil and the former African colonies of Portugal. These countries form the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries.

• Dark green: mother tongue.

• Green: official and administrative language.

• Light green: cultural or secondary language.

• Yellow: Portuguese basic Creole.

• Green Square: Portuguese speaking minorities

The demography of Portugal observes the same three characteristics as those of the other developed European countries: increasing longevity, a decreasing birth rate and an increase in the percentage of the population coming from foreign immigration (Eastern Europeans, Brazilians, Cap- Verdians, Angolans ...) and especially the former colonies of Portugal. Portugal entered the EEC in 1986 at the same time as its neighbor Spain, and was one of the founding countries of the euro area in 1999, so its currency is the euro. In 2012 Portugal is one of the countries with a very high HDI. The HDI is based on three major criteria: life expectancy at birth, level of education, and standard of living. However, we can observe for Portugal that its HDI is down over the last 3 years, Portugal has moved from the 40th to the 43rd in the world ranking. It is one of the lowest ranked European countries.

I- Political risk assessment

1. The stability of government and institutions

The policies of austerity and rigor that Portugal has put in place to try to emerge from the crisis of 2008 that has hit hard have undermined the political stability of the country. The country is under international financial assistance, and its instability thus worries its European partners and the financial markets.

Socio-economic conditions

In October 2013, unemployment in Portugal is 15.7%. Its decline observed in the second quarter of 2013 is the first since 2011, however this figure is to be put into perspective since the country benefits from the tourist windfall in summer. The unemployment and recession that hit the country since 2011 are the main difficulties faced by Portugal in implementing the reform plan required by its creditors. For the year as a whole the government has forecast an unemployment rate of 18.2% and 18.5% next year. Having pledged to present a vast reform of the state to its backers, the government has planned to reduce by 30,000 the number of civil servants out of a total of 700,000. In an attempt to curb unemployment, he also presented a plan to revive the economy focused on helping SMEs and export development, as well as a specific program to help young people find a job.

Internal conflicts and ethnic pressures

The rigor is increasingly poorly experienced and accepted by the population and the ruling center-right coalition, which almost shattered in July 2013 after the resignation of two government ministers, remains fragile. The party remains in the majority, but the growing tensions within it could eventually lead to early elections (the next legislative elections are normally scheduled for October 2015).

The heavy corruption also explains the growing indignation of the Portuguese towards their political leaders.

There is no real ethnic pressure in Portugal. The different migrants suffer as Portuguese from the policy of rigor and unemployment. However, with an unemployment rate that exceeds 16%, affecting 36% of young people under 25, a rise in inequality north / south and the erosion of purchasing power, social tensions have become palpable in Portugal.

economic and financial

2012 2013 estimate 2014 forecast

GDP per capita 17,292 € 19,223 €

GDP growth rate -3.2% -2.1% + 0.1%

Annual inflation rate 2.8% 0.6% 1%

Budget balance / GDP -6.4% -5.6% -4.4%

Current balance / GDP -1.6% 0.5% 1.3%

Public debt / GDP 123.6% 132.6% 134.3%

Business Balance -0.60% 2.89% 6.45%

Portugal hopes to emerge from the recession in 2014 after three consecutive years of declining GDP. The most dynamic component of GDP in 2014 is still expected to be exports, which are benefiting from gains in competitiveness due to lower labor costs and stronger European demand. Domestic demand, which rebounded in the second quarter of 2013, as exports, but remains negative over the year, should remain constrained by the policy of rigor led under the leadership of the EU and the IMF. The strength of the recovery will depend mainly on the behavior of consumption (66% of GDP), which is still constrained by the rise in taxation, the decline in household income and an unemployment rate of more than 17%. It will also depend on the good performance of the situation in the EU, which absorbs 70% of Portuguese exports. The investment benefits from tax incentives. However, it risks continuing to suffer from a prolonged tightening of credit and excess production capacity. Finally, inflation is expected to remain relatively weak due to weak domestic demand and moderating commodity prices, despite a likely further rise in indirect taxation.

The recession has severely affected Portuguese companies, but their margins have recently been picking up due to lower wages and rising unemployment, but bankruptcies continue to rise dangerously, affecting primarily domestic-oriented SMEs, and as regards sectors of activity, trade but also industrial crafts and construction.

Portugal's debt is close to 130% of GDP, while those of households and businesses reach respectively 91% and 166% of the same indicator, rates among the highest in the euro zone. The deleveraging process promises to be long. However, the decline in unit labor costs and the rise in exports, against a backdrop of declining imports, led to the emergence of a current account surplus. In addition, in parallel with the fiscal consolidation, many structural reforms are implemented: easing of the labor market, opening of product markets and protected professions, privatization, cost control in the health sector and improvement of the labor market. judicial system.

geological

The main natural hazards in Portugal are forest fires that occur often, especially in summer. Swimming on some beaches on the Atlantic coast is dangerous because of strong ocean currents. Part of the territory (center and south of the country and archipelago of the Azores) is in seismic zone.

Technology and innovation

As in most developed countries, the structure of the Portuguese economy is characterized by a high share of the services sector, which accounted for 74.4% of gross value added and employed 63.9% of the population. 2012. Agriculture, forestry and fishing accounted for only 2.2% of GVA (against 24% in 1960), and 10.5% of employment, while industry, construction, energy and water accounted for 23.4% of GVA and 25.6% of employment. Over the last decade, in addition to a greater impact of services in economic activity, there has also been a significant change in the specialization model of the processing industry in Portugal, emerging from the dependence of traditional industrial activities. to a situation where new sectors, with a strong technological component, have gained weight and created a growth dynamic, such as the automobile and components sector, electronics, energy, pharmaceuticals and industries related to new information and communication technologies. In services, the tourist industry is favored by the geographical position of Portugal, benefiting from the Mediterranean climate, moderated by the influence of the Atlantic, as well as its immense coastline.

This radar chart (from 2010) shows that in terms of science and innovation, Portugal is lagging behind many criteria compared to the average for OECD countries. It can be seen that R & D spending is well below average, as well as venture capital. It would take the figures of 2013 to better analyze the situation, especially in the context of Portugal's high debt load.

In 2007 Portugal was one of the countries with the highest rate of graduates in science or engineering. The information that could be interesting would be the number of Portuguese who actually use their diploma for the benefit of a Portuguese company.

Media and cultural recognition

Portugal enjoys good media and cultural recognition, although information on their faltering economy is more in the press than in TV news. The country also has a large number of monuments and natural sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, such as the Jerónimos Monastery, Belém Tower, etc.

2. Influence vectors

The Portuguese diaspora (Portuguese population and Portuguese descent) is estimated at more than 110 million people worldwide, or residents of Portugal. Portugal was a land of emigration since the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Portuguese Maritime Empire. Economic emigration to Brazil began in the 19th century, and then to the developed countries of Western Europe in the middle of the 20th century (France, Germany, Switzerland ...). At that time, the Portuguese fled misery but also the dictatorship of Salazar. Portuguese immigration today does not speak much about it, it has become commonplace, especially because the Portuguese share a culture rather similar to that of the French.

The community of Portuguese-speaking countries (Portuguese: Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa) is an organization of Portuguese-speaking countries. As seen previously, its members are former Portuguese colonies. The statutes of the Organization emphasize, inter alia, the primacy of democracy and human rights. The CPLP has a population of more than 240 million and the total area of ​​all Member States is 10,750,000 km2, a little more than the area of ​​China or the United States. Portugal has maintained an important influence for its former colonies, since its creation, the CPLP has already taken decisive action for some states, such as Sao Tome and Principe or Guinea-Bissau where the organization has already avoided coups d'etat and subsequently encouraged the commitment to economic (for Sao Tome and Principe) and democratic (in Guinea-Bissau) reforms.

GENERAL CONCLUSION

Coface assigns a B to Portugal as a country assessment, and an A2 to the business environment. For export operations, Ducroire assesses short-term political risk at 2 on a scale of 1 to 7, and medium and long-term at 1. The commercial risk is set to B. For direct investments, Ducroire considers to almost zero the risks of war or transfers.

The global economic downturn has led Portugal to recession since 2011 and caused a socio-economic and political crisis, which is still felt today.

It is the fragility of the government in the face of an austerity policy that helped to make Portuguese borrowing interest rates go up again in July 2013. Although these have stabilized since then, this could jeopardize the exit. the country's crisis, which is supposed to be totally free of supervision in mid-2014. Rigor is increasingly poorly accepted by the population and the ruling center-right coalition remains fragile. Social tensions can therefore be a brake on the establishment of a foreign company in Portugal. Since 2009, Portugal has been experiencing the worst economic crisis since the fall of the dictatorship in 1974. The country is at the heart of a deep recession, caused by the collapse of external demand and the restrictive financial conditions that have affected all sectors of the economy, especially exports and investment. After contracting by 2.7% in 2009, the Portuguese economy grew moderately in 2010, which again turned negative in 2011 (-1.6%) and even more so in 2012 (-3.2). under the austerity program and the unfavorable international context. Growth should remain negative in 2013 (-2.1%).