معلومات عن استراليا بالانجليزي

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information about    presentation معلومات عن جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله معلومات عن

اختصار استراليا بالانجليزي كانبرا أستراليا مالكولم تورنبول أستراليا بالإنجليزية  Australia كومنولث أستراليا  بالإنجليزية   : Commonwealth of عاصمة استراليا سيدني مناخ استراليا مساحة استراليا

Australia is a parliamentary democracy where the main language is English and the transaction currency is the Australian dollar (AUD). The country has an area of ​​7 692 024 km² and has 8 505 348 k

m² of exclusive economic zone, which ranks it in 3rd position after the United States and France.

The country's HDI (2012) is 0.938, ranking Australia 2nd worldwide just behind Norway.

It is a multicultural nation, with more than 170 different nationalities including the first inhabitants who are aboriginals and whose total population is 22,323,900 million. The population is distributed mainly on the sides, the center of Australia being predominantly desert.

Australia is a member of the Commonwealth.

The Commonwealth of Australia (Commonwealth of Australia) was established as a federation when the Australian Constitution came into force on January 1, 1901. It establishes the political framework of the federal government.

Australian political life is based on a two-party system that gives it relative stability. Tony Abbott is since September 2013 the 28th Australian Prime Minister. With 88 seats out of 150 in the House of Representatives, the Liberal coalition has a large majority. He succeeds the Labor Party, which split a few months before the elections.

The institutional framework remains almost unchanged since 1901: A federal state, a parliamentary democracy and a two-chamber parliament (representatives, Senate)

We can therefore conclude that there is great stability at the level of the government and the institutions.

 Ethnic pressures

Australia is a multiethnic country, with the population being English, Chinese or Aboriginal. The latter are precisely set back by the country, with modest living conditions and become marginalized.

economic and financial

The country's economic analysis is based on several indicators:

The GDP per capita: 37228.20 USD, this one increases from year to year.

The GDP growth rate: Currently 0.6. Growth is positive, stable from year to year, but rather weak.

The annual inflation rate: Calculated by the consumer price index (CPI), it is 2.2 in 2013.

The fiscal balance (as a% of GDP): Australia's budget balance is in deficit, close to A $ 48 billion in 2011. In 2013, it represents 1.1% of gross domestic product (GDP), against a deficit more than 10% for the United States or Great Britain and forecasts for 2014 are 1.3%, so a relatively low rate.

The current balance (as a% of GDP): A 2013 it represents 2.4% of GDP and tends to increase to 3.1% of GDP in 2014.

External debt (in% of GDP): Currently in 2013 1332 billion dollars. In 2011, the public debt represents 30.3% of the GDP of the country, which is low compared to some European countries where the debt represents more than 100% of the GDP.

The trade balance: In July 2013, Australia's trade deficit was $ 0.284 billion. The increased imbalance of the trade balance

This is due to falling natural resource prices, of which Australia is a major exporting country.

Australia's main customers are China and Japan, and the most traded products are the mining and energy sectors.

Exchange Rate Stability: As of January 1, 2013, the exchange rate was 1 AUD = 0.79 Euro and 1 AUD = 0.90680 USD. The high parity of the Australian dollar against the US dollar weighs on price competitiveness despite an expansionary monetary policy.

geographical and environmental

 The seismic and geological risks

Australia may experience natural disasters such as bush fires, floods, droughts, heat waves, severe storms and, more rarely, earthquakes and landslides.

Hurricanes can occur in the tropical regions of north and northwestern Australia.

The Indo-Australian plate is torn in two. This major geological event, which will last several million years, was recalled to us by two particularly powerful and unusual earthquakes on April 11, 2012 that took place at sea.

 Health and epidemic risks

There is no danger from a health point of view in Australia. No vaccine is required to enter the country. Australia has not experienced a deadly tropical epidemic in recent decades. The only risks can be related to dangerous wildlife (toxic spiders, poisonous snakes, aggressive crocodiles, sharks ...). The health system is good, the hospitals are well equipped and the doctors are very qualified. However, these are very expensive.

 Weight of the country in international institutions

Australia sits in a number of international organizations (G20, UN ..) and is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since 1971. It also participates in Commonwealth activities.

For many years, Australia has been active in regional organizations. It launched the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) initiative in 1989, an intergovernmental economic forum whose ultimate goal is to facilitate economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.

 Technology and innovation

Australia is dynamic in terms of innovation and has a number of strengths. Gross domestic expenditure on research and development rose from 2000, to reach 2.4% of GDP in 2008.

In addition, the opportunities offered by Australia are very important in a growing sector, biotechnology. Australia is one of the world's leading R & D infrastructures. This allows it to be highly efficient in clinical trials (vaccine research) and Australia now occupies an important place on the global pharmaceutical industry.

Conclusion

Australia is a politically and economically stable country. It has not been affected by the crisis and its GDP is constantly increasing. The country is quite safe with a low crime rate, minimal tensions both in the countries and with its neighbors but also a very low rate of corruption.

Despite a fairly large geographical distance from the world powers, Australia has many allies and sits in the G20 where Prime Minister Tony Abott will hold the presidency in 2014, but also at the UN since 1945.

Australia's military strength is small but the country can count on many allies.