معلومات عن اريتريا بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان تعبير عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة

information about    presentation معلومات عن جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله معلومات

عن اريتريا بالانجليزي عدد سكان ارتريا 2017 خريطة اريتريا بالتفصيل

قوميات ارتريا كم دولة استعمرت ارتريا هل اريتريا دولة اسلامية

ملخص عام عن دولة ارتريا أين تقع  منطقة القرن الإفريقي عدد المسلمين في ارتريا

أسمرة إريتريا السياحة في ارتريا اسمرا الحبيبة كم دولة استعمرت ارتريا

Introduction

Eritrea is a country in the Horn of Africa east of the continent. It covers an area of 117,600 km² (121,300 km² including the Archipelago of Dahlak). Its capital is Asmara is located on a plateau at 2300 meters above sea level (also the largest city in the country, second highest capital in Africa, fifth in the world rank). The country is bordered to the northeast by the Red Sea where it adjoins Saudi Arabia and Yemen, to the west by Sudan, to the south and west by Ethiopia and to the south-east by Djibouti .

Eritrea is a former Italian colony. It gained independence from Ethiopia on May 24, 1993, making it the youngest state in Africa. The regime chosen by the country is that of the one-party Republic. The Eritrean Parliament is a single-chamber, one-chamber parliament with 104 members, of which 64 are appointed, and the remaining 40 represent members of the Central Committee of the Popular Front for Democracy and Justice. His composition was terminated in February 1992. Issayas Afeworki (Orthodox Christian) has been president of Eritrea since independence, with no elections since.

The Eritrean flag is inspired by that of the Eritrean People's Liberation Force (EPLF) movement. It is composed of three triangles (green, red and blue), olive branches and a golden crown. The green triangle represents agriculture, the blue one the Red Sea and the red the blood shed for the independence of Eritrea and for the homeland. The golden olive branches symbolize the country's mineral wealth. The crown is inspired by the United Nations flag and symbolizes peace. The geometric shapes would have different meanings according to various people. For some, the isosceles form of the red triangle represents in some ways the shape of the country, while for others, it is arranged in such a way that its size diminishes from left to right, thus expressing the will to no longer have to shed blood in the future.

The coat of arms of Eritrea is the national emblem. Adopted at the independence of the country, they present a camel surrounded by a crown of olive leaves. At his feet, one can read the name of the country in its official languages: English in the center, Tigrinya on the left and Arabic on the right.

The National Anthem of the country was adopted in 1993, the year of the proclamation of independence and is called "Ertra, Ertra, Ertra" meaning "Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea".

The official currency is Nafka, at the rate of 20.33 ERN for 1 € (June 2013). In the same period, Eritrea is estimated to have a population of 6,233,682 inhabitants, of whom 21.3 per cent live in urban areas. According to some forecasts, the country's urban growth is expected to be one of the highest in the world (around 300%) by 2050. Its population density is relatively low, with 52.7 inhabitants per km². Today, many people leave the country and become refugees in Africa, Asia or Europe. Among them is an important part which constitutes one of the main flows that try to cross the Mediterranean. We can see that the average age of the country is very low. In fact, only 3.7% of the population is 65 years old or older, just under a third is between 25 and 54 years old, one fifth of the population is between 15 and 24 years old, and children are most of the country's population, accounting for 41.3%. The life expectancy of a man is 61 years old and she is 65 years old for a woman. The infant mortality rate is considerably high, with 42 deaths per thousand births.

There are 9 officially recognized ethnic groups on Eritrean lands. The two main ethnic groups are Tigrinya (55%) and Tigray (30%). The other ethnic groups are therefore only a minority. The Saho (4%), Kunama (2%), Rashaida (2%), Bilen (2%) and Afar, Beni Amir and Nera form the remaining 5%. As a result, different languages are used. The official languages remain Tigrinya, Arabic and English (the latter is almost no longer used). Other languages commonly spoken are saho, bilen, rashaida, afar and amharic. The map below shows how the use of different languages is distributed across the country.

The two dominant religions are Christianity and Islamism. We find almost 50% of Christians and 50% of Muslims. Since 2002, the state has banned all religious groups except the Eritrean Orthodox Church (30% Orthodox Christians), the Roman Catholic Church (13% Catholic Christians), the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Eritrea ( Protestants are among the remaining 7% of Christians) and Islam (predominantly Sunni Muslims).

The latest ranking of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) places it at the 181st

Socio-economic conditions

As a result of its mineral wealth, Eritrea grew by about 8.7 percent in 2011, thanks in part to the exploitation of the Bisha mine according to the African Economic Outlook.

External conflicts and neighboring countries with potential risk

Eritrea experienced external conflicts during the war of independence against one of its neighboring countries, Ethiopia, which federated it under the orders of the United Nations (UN) in 1952. Ethiopia annexed ten years later, in 1962 (beginning of the war of independence).

More recently, several conflicts with neighboring countries have taken place, starting with clashes between Eritrea and Yemen in 1995 over the possession of the Hanish Islands, south of the Red Sea, which will ultimately be largely attributed to Yemen. by the International Court of Justice. A new war between Eritrea and Ethiopia followed in 1998 regarding the border. The Algiers accords in 2000 put an end to this conflict, which left around 100,000 dead. Since then, Eritrea and Ethiopia have been fighting a proxy war in Somalia. Finally, since 2008, a new conflict over the course of the border this time in the south is opposed to Djibouti.

Security conditions in the country linked to crime and terrorism

Eritrea is accused by its neighboring countries of supporting terrorist activities in 2011 by providing logistical and financial support to Islamist insurgents Shebab and Al Qaeda network. As a result, decisions are made by the UN to strengthen sanctions against that country. In the December 6, 2011 Express article, it reads, "The resolution condemns" an alleged Eritrean conspiracy to commit a bomb attack at the African Union summit. in Addis Ababa last January. The security situation in the country is therefore lower with regard to terrorism.

economic and financial

In 2012, Eritrea's GDP reached US $ 3.09 billion and GDP per capita was US $ 498.7.

The GDP growth rate is 5.5% in 2012, estimated at 7% in 2013, and is forecast at 6.5% in 2014.

Inflation is 17% in 2012. It is estimated and forecasts 12.3% for 2013 and 2014.

The budget balance (in% of GDP): -10.8% in 2012.

Current account balance (in% of GDP): -5.7% in 2012. It is estimated and forecast -5.3% in 2013 and around -6.1% in 2014.

External debt (in% of GDP): About 30% in 2012, it is estimated and forecast 25% in 2013 and about 21% in 2014.

The commercial balance: -15.9% in 2012, it is estimated and forecast -13.9% in 2013 and -13.5% in 2014.

The stability of the exchange rate: the national currency, the Eritrean Nafka had an exchange rate of 20.33 ERN for 1 € in June 2013.

geographical and environmental

Seismic and geological risks

Eritrea is in a seismic zone. There are several volcanoes. The country can therefore fear volcano eruptions. The French Foreign Minister advises against traveling to most Eritrean lands for natural reasons such as wildlife, heat and floods.

Technology and innovation

Eritrea is now one of the Least Developed Countries in the world, with a very low HDI (0.351), a high mortality rate and IVH in adults. All this means that technical progress and innovation are almost non-existent or non-existent in this country.

Conclusion

Eritrea is a country whose economy is highly dependent on minerals as their farms are the main driver of the country's growth. However, the fact that the country is a presidential dictatorship is problematic since the man at the helm of the government since the independence of the country, Issayas Afeworki seeks since the war of independence to strengthen his army by all means. The international community is not on its side for various reasons (financing and support of terrorist activities for example). Moreover, it is one of the countries where the rate of corruption is one of the highest in the world. Despite significant growth, it is also one of the countries where the HDI is considered weak, which makes Eritrea listed in the list of countries with low human development. The government, which is therefore a one-party Republic, is simply there to distract the country's many current problems.