تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزي كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط
قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان تعبير عن بلادي اسم
كلمة معنى كيف تكتب
information about معلومات عن جمهورية دولة حول تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في
للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة
والعادات والتقاليد فى لمحة تعريفية
انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي للصف
الاول متوسط حضارة العراق بالانجليزي
الاول متوسط انشاء انكليزي للصف الثالث متوسط انشاء صف اول متوسط
عن العراق كيف تكتب العراق بالانجليزي معلومات
عن العراق بالانجليزي كيف تكتب كلمة عراق بالانجليزي
INTRODUCTION
Since October
2005, following a referendum on the new constitution and the will of the
Americans to restore Iraqi powers, Iraq has become a Federal Parliamentary
Republic headed by Jalal Talabani, head of state and by Prime Minister Al
Maliki who runs the country autocratically.
Its area is
438,320 square km and its population of 31,072,000 inhabitants of which 5
million live in the capital Baghdad. The Iraqi population is growing by 2.43
per year and 37 per cent of Iraqis are under the age of 15. Life expectancy is
71.4 years.
Different ethnic
groups live in Iraq:
- Shia Arabs 62%
- Sunni Arabs 19%
- Sunni Kurds
(mostly in the northeast) 16%
- Christians and
others 3%
Two official
languages are spoken, Arabic and Kurdish, but others
are also spoken, Syriac, Turkmen, Persian and Sabean.
The currency is
the Iraqi dinar (1000 dinars are worth about 0.68 euro)
ECONOMIC AND
FINANCIAL
Economic
expansion remains strong and still dependent on hydrocarbon production
2010 2011 2012
(e) 2013 (p)
Growth GDP (%)
3.1 9.3 8.4 10.5
Inflation (annual
average) 2.5 6 7 6
Budget balance /
GDP (%) -9 7.5 -2.0 -2.5
Current account /
GDP (%) 7.5 23.5 29.0 34.0
Public debt / GDP
(%) 107 40.5 35.5 25.5
GDP per capita
7.200 dollar
The commercial
balance
About 32 billion
surplus.
Despite this
insecurity, this violence and almost universal corruption (index of 1, 5, 175th
world rank) that hinder its development. The Iraqi economy continues to perform
well in 2013, thanks to continued high oil prices and continued upward
production from infrastructure rehabilitation. The economy remains almost
entirely dependent on hydrocarbon exports, the main source of fiscal revenues
and foreign exchange earnings.
Budget deficit
contained and further increase in external account surplus
The sharp
increase in public spending in 2013, particularly investment, which has a very
positive effect on private consumption will lead to a slight increase in the
budget deficit, despite the increase in hydrocarbon export revenues. On the
other hand, the cancellation of 80% of the stock of the 2004 debt and the
rescheduling of the balance since 2011, granted by the Paris Club's public
creditors, make it possible to reduce the public debt ratios to easily manageable
levels. .
The increase in
oil exports will also lead to a further rise in the very large current account
surplus, despite the growing demand for imported capital goods and consumer
goods. As a result, the country has no need for external financing. Furthermore,
Iraq benefits from a comfortable amount of foreign exchange reserves (of the
order of thirteen months of imports) and an anchorage. unofficial currency to
the dollar, which makes it relatively stable.
Despite this
rather favorable context, the business climate remains clouded by institutional
weaknesses, corruption and the inefficiency of the administration, permeable to
political, religious and regional struggles for influence, all of which are
likely to affect payments. and the recovery of debts.
GEOGRAPHICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
In this area, the
risks are relatively low
Although very
regularly earthquakes are observed on the border between Iraq and Iran, they
always have an intensity not exceeding 4.5 on the Richter scale and cause
relatively little damage.
No major health
and epidemic risks in Iraq. Nevertheless, possible cases of Coronavirus, Avian
Influenza and Cholera are monitored. In hospital, there is really no reliable
infrastructure to deal with emergencies and large surgeries and all medical
evacuations by air are exclusively from the capital Baghdad.
CONCLUSION
Iraq's economic
future seems secure as long as the global oil market remains in demand despite
the crisis in the old economies and the arrival of shale gas. According to the
IEA (International Energy Agency) experts, for the market to remain balanced,
Iraqi production should double by 2020 to reach 6 million barrels a day,
compared to 2.8 million barrels a day. barrels day currently.
To achieve this
doubling of production, Iraq must be able to attract much more foreign
investment than it currently receives ($ 25 billion a year against 10
currently) to allow reconstruction and modernization of these extraction
structures. For this, it has significant financial resources and the support of
all the international organizations that have intervened massively in Iraq
since 2007 (UN, IMF, World Bank ...). Iraq will also have to deal with the
thorny sharing of its oil wealth between Kurds, Shiites and Sunnis against the
backdrop of ethnic and religious quarrels that perpetuate a climate of violence
and insecurity that seriously hampers its economic development.
At the end of
2013, given the current Iraqi political and security climate, this bet is not
won to the point that some international observers point out that only a
military power will be able to maintain the unity of Iraq and to govern without
prejudice. communitarian. The Arab democratic dreams dreamed of and supported
by Westerners clash with the reality of cultures, religions and traditions.
Once again in Iraq, as previously in Lebanon, Tunisia and Egypt, the stability
and security of a country requires a common culture and values. Moreover, the
current Syrian conflict is fueling sectarian tensions and constitutes a major
security and humanitarian threat with more than 250,000 Syrians in Iraq.
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