الأزياء الشعبية الثقافة الحياة العامة في اليمن بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي

معلومات عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز عندي

الزي اليمني الشعبي والتقليدي  الثقافة في اليمن انواع الرقص  الزي اليمني للنساء

انواع البرع اليمني العادات والتقاليد اليمنية الزي اليمني التقليدي

الزي الشعبي اليمني للرجال اللبس اليمني القديم

Culture and arts Yemen

Remember that it is currently not advisable to travel to Yemen.

Habitat and architecture

The qualifiers are missing to talk about Yemeni architecture! Every city, every village is a "blow of heart". Each region has an appropriate response to the climate, topography, culture and history of its inhabitants.

The main types: the earth (plateaux descending to the east, Amran, Saada); the stone (mountain, Djibla); straw ("African" part of the Tihama); the adobe of Hadramout; brick (Zebid); stone and brick (Sanaa).

Beyond the first show, dwell on the multiple decorative elements and on the "openings" specific to each architectural type: finely crafted doors, light windows, window-views, spy-windows, stained-glass windows (the camaria) , loopholes ...

These houses, which force the admiration of the whole world, can hardly be modernized, and one can fear that they are abandoned (thus condemned) in favor of "modern" housing on the periphery of the agglomerations ... This poses a serious problem to the bodies responsible for safeguarding World Heritage (to which many Yemen sites belong), and to all Yemenis.

Media

Even though there is censorship in Yemen, especially on television and radio, it is much weaker than in most other countries on the peninsula. One can even speak of a certain freedom of the press.

Among the English-language weeklies, you can always consult the Yemen Times and the Yemen Observer in print or internet.

Traditions and customs Yemen

Remember that it is currently not advisable to travel to Yemen.

Djambia and Kalashnikov

Djambia

The Djambia, a dagger with a broad blade more or less curved, is the main accessory of the traditional dress of Yemeni.

Initiatory symbol, it marked the passage to adulthood (now more and more children "spoiled" wear one at their height), and it had a specific function that fades a little; to confiscate it, to restore it ... In the settlement of a conflict, it was the legal ritual, and the "vendetta" has always been part of intertribal relations.

You will surely have the opportunity to attend a (peaceful) dance of the Djambia.

Kalashnikov

Today, the Djambia has not disappeared, but its defensive function is no longer the weight before the "darling" Russian Kalashnikov. The use of firearms and / or firearms spread to the region of Aden, from where the phenomenon had disappeared for years.

It still determines the social position and the prestige. Also, it is common to meet men armed to the teeth. We are talking about nearly 60 million weapons in circulation in Yemen, for 25 million inhabitants!

khat

Almost as related to the image of Yemen as architecture ... but definitely less prestigious! Khat (qat) is a stimulant close to amphetamines, banned as a toxic substance in some countries (including France), banned as "sin" in others (Saudi Arabia).

From that of the botanist to that of the economist and the sociologist, the books and references of reference do not miss. There are unconditional "fans" and detractors (rarely Yemeni!).

The Qur'an does not shed any light on such consumption, everyone has to arrange with himself ... Between 50 and 90% of men and 30 to 50% of women over 18 consume, until children under 12 (estimated between 15 and 20%).

The scale of the phenomenon is such that the government has and will have great difficulty in fighting the "green passion". It was a question of prohibiting the sale in the markets of the cities, but it was to count without the outcry of the inhabitants following the governmental announcement. Especially since limiting sales can lead to greater poverty among people who live directly or indirectly from the small leaf.

Women, for their part, at home or with friends, also have their khat party. Some say they use it as an "appetite suppressant" in their slimming diets ...

Religion

Islam

Islam is the official religion in Yemen. The conversion of Yemen was made during the lifetime of the Prophet, and Islam is deeply rooted today; this may explain the absence of ostentatious manifestations of religiosity, as can be seen in the "new converts" of West Africa, for example, or the "reconverted" in Algeria.

Currents of Islam

It is the dominant religion in Yemen. Everyone knows the existence of the two main branches of Islam.

- Sunnism (majority in the world). The succession of the Prophet belongs to his companions, and the Sunnah (acts and words of Muhammad related by his "disciples") is the extremely important reference work with the Koran.

- Shiism privileges Ali, son-in-law of the Prophet, whose role is perpetuated through his descendants.

In Shiism, there are two currents.

- Twelver Shiism, whose followers await the return of a "hidden" imam (the 12th descendant of Ali). Their community is important in this part of the world and in Iran.

- Ismailism, in reference to Ismail, 7th Imam (hence also their name septimains). The Ismailis have taken refuge in the Jebel Harraz where one can visit their villages high perched, still places of pilgrimage.

Other religious streams

We go over the many Shi'ism and the sects that followed to evoke the main religious currents in Yemen.

- Judaism: the Jews, the great majority of whom joined Israel at the request of the Jewish State (Operation "Flying Carpet" in 1949-50), continue to leave the country. In 1992, 1,200 Jews were still living in the Sa'ada region mainly; today there are less than 500 left (refer to the chapter on the Jewish quarter in the section "To see" in Sanaa). In Exodus, Leon Uris devotes a few pages to this moment in their history.

- Zayidism, stemming from Shiism, exists only in Yemen. The first of his imams arrived in Yemen in 898, and the last died in Taiz in 1962.

- Shafeism, Sunni sect better established in the south of the country.

- Christianity and Hinduism are very poorly represented (people from Ethiopia or India).

Savoir-vivre and customs

- When you are refused entrance to a mosque or certain places, do not insist. Same for photos ...

- In a Muslim country still not very open to tourism, drinking alcohol (even beer) in a public place is provocative.

- Man alone can not access the world of women. Women will be accepted easily and will be able to enter the houses, whether there are only women or whether they are with the family, with men and children.

- If you are invited to drink a tea, to attend a party, to enter a house, it is without interested afterthought. It is not in the manners of the country to be zealous in the hope of any reward. So, enjoy!

- Discuss yourself like everyone else in the entrance of the house or the room converted into a restaurant (even if your guests have covered the carpet of plastic).

- If you are brought to share the community dish, without your Western utensils, use the right hand (pure) and take example on your neighbors.

- Remember that the notion of time is different depending on the culture, so try to forget yours: if you attend a qat party, you must accept the slowness of the ritual and know that you will not be out anytime soon ... On the other hand, if you are invited to share a family meal, it is the rule not to linger at the table.