تعبير تقرير
برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزي
معلومات عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن.
تقرير جاهز عندي
الزي اليمني الشعبي والتقليدي الثقافة في اليمن انواع الرقص الزي اليمني للنساء
انواع البرع اليمني العادات والتقاليد اليمنية الزي
اليمني التقليدي
الزي الشعبي اليمني للرجال اللبس اليمني القديم
Culture and arts Yemen
Remember that it is currently not
advisable to travel to Yemen.
Habitat and architecture
The qualifiers are missing to talk about
Yemeni architecture! Every city, every village is a "blow of heart".
Each region has an appropriate response to the climate, topography, culture and
history of its inhabitants.
The main types: the earth (plateaux
descending to the east, Amran, Saada); the stone (mountain, Djibla); straw
("African" part of the Tihama); the adobe of Hadramout; brick (Zebid);
stone and brick (Sanaa).
Beyond the first show, dwell on the
multiple decorative elements and on the "openings" specific to each
architectural type: finely crafted doors, light windows, window-views,
spy-windows, stained-glass windows (the camaria) , loopholes ...
These houses, which force the admiration
of the whole world, can hardly be modernized, and one can fear that they are
abandoned (thus condemned) in favor of "modern" housing on the
periphery of the agglomerations ... This poses a serious problem to the bodies
responsible for safeguarding World Heritage (to which many Yemen sites belong),
and to all Yemenis.
Media
Even though there is censorship in Yemen,
especially on television and radio, it is much weaker than in most other
countries on the peninsula. One can even speak of a certain freedom of the
press.
Among the English-language weeklies, you
can always consult the Yemen Times and the Yemen Observer in print or internet.
Traditions and customs Yemen
Remember that it is currently not
advisable to travel to Yemen.
Djambia and Kalashnikov
Djambia
The Djambia, a dagger with a broad blade
more or less curved, is the main accessory of the traditional dress of Yemeni.
Initiatory symbol, it marked the passage
to adulthood (now more and more children "spoiled" wear one at their
height), and it had a specific function that fades a little; to confiscate it,
to restore it ... In the settlement of a conflict, it was the legal ritual, and
the "vendetta" has always been part of intertribal relations.
You will surely have the opportunity to
attend a (peaceful) dance of the Djambia.
Kalashnikov
Today, the Djambia has not disappeared,
but its defensive function is no longer the weight before the
"darling" Russian Kalashnikov. The use of firearms and / or firearms
spread to the region of Aden, from where the phenomenon had disappeared for
years.
It still determines the social position
and the prestige. Also, it is common to meet men armed to the teeth. We are
talking about nearly 60 million weapons in circulation in Yemen, for 25 million
inhabitants!
khat
Almost as related to the image of Yemen
as architecture ... but definitely less prestigious! Khat (qat) is a stimulant
close to amphetamines, banned as a toxic substance in some countries (including
France), banned as "sin" in others (Saudi Arabia).
From that of the botanist to that of the
economist and the sociologist, the books and references of reference do not
miss. There are unconditional "fans" and detractors (rarely Yemeni!).
The Qur'an does not shed any light on
such consumption, everyone has to arrange with himself ... Between 50 and 90%
of men and 30 to 50% of women over 18 consume, until children under 12
(estimated between 15 and 20%).
The scale of the phenomenon is such that
the government has and will have great difficulty in fighting the "green
passion". It was a question of prohibiting the sale in the markets of the
cities, but it was to count without the outcry of the inhabitants following the
governmental announcement. Especially since limiting sales can lead to greater
poverty among people who live directly or indirectly from the small leaf.
Women, for their part, at home or with
friends, also have their khat party. Some say they use it as an "appetite
suppressant" in their slimming diets ...
Religion
Islam
Islam is the official religion in Yemen.
The conversion of Yemen was made during the lifetime of the Prophet, and Islam
is deeply rooted today; this may explain the absence of ostentatious
manifestations of religiosity, as can be seen in the "new converts"
of West Africa, for example, or the "reconverted" in Algeria.
Currents of Islam
It is the dominant religion in Yemen.
Everyone knows the existence of the two main branches of Islam.
- Sunnism (majority in the world). The
succession of the Prophet belongs to his companions, and the Sunnah (acts and words
of Muhammad related by his "disciples") is the extremely important
reference work with the Koran.
- Shiism privileges Ali, son-in-law of
the Prophet, whose role is perpetuated through his descendants.
In Shiism, there are two currents.
- Twelver Shiism, whose followers await
the return of a "hidden" imam (the 12th descendant of Ali). Their
community is important in this part of the world and in Iran.
- Ismailism, in reference to Ismail, 7th
Imam (hence also their name septimains). The Ismailis have taken refuge in the
Jebel Harraz where one can visit their villages high perched, still places of
pilgrimage.
Other religious streams
We go over the many Shi'ism and the sects
that followed to evoke the main religious currents in Yemen.
- Judaism: the Jews, the great majority
of whom joined Israel at the request of the Jewish State (Operation
"Flying Carpet" in 1949-50), continue to leave the country. In 1992,
1,200 Jews were still living in the Sa'ada region mainly; today there are less
than 500 left (refer to the chapter on the Jewish quarter in the section
"To see" in Sanaa). In Exodus, Leon Uris devotes a few pages to this
moment in their history.
- Zayidism, stemming from Shiism, exists
only in Yemen. The first of his imams arrived in Yemen in 898, and the last
died in Taiz in 1962.
- Shafeism, Sunni sect better established
in the south of the country.
- Christianity and Hinduism are very
poorly represented (people from Ethiopia or India).
Savoir-vivre and customs
- When you are refused entrance to a
mosque or certain places, do not insist. Same for photos ...
- In a Muslim country still not very open
to tourism, drinking alcohol (even beer) in a public place is provocative.
- Man alone can not access the world of
women. Women will be accepted easily and will be able to enter the houses,
whether there are only women or whether they are with the family, with men and
children.
- If you are invited to drink a tea, to
attend a party, to enter a house, it is without interested afterthought. It is
not in the manners of the country to be zealous in the hope of any reward. So,
enjoy!
- Discuss yourself like everyone else in
the entrance of the house or the room converted into a restaurant (even if your
guests have covered the carpet of plastic).
- If you are brought to share the
community dish, without your Western utensils, use the right hand (pure) and
take example on your neighbors.
- Remember that the notion of time is
different depending on the culture, so try to forget yours: if you attend a qat
party, you must accept the slowness of the ritual and know that you will not be
out anytime soon ... On the other hand, if you are invited to share a family
meal, it is the rule not to linger at the table.
إرسال تعليق