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جاهز باللغة الانجليزي كتابة انشاء عبارات
حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن تقرير جاهز
سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي
اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة عن مقال جمهورية دولة حول تكاليف
المعيشه السياحة في للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر
حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى لمحة تعريفية
بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث تقرير انجليزي
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العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر
كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي المسجد عبارات عن فلسطين بالانجليزي
كلام عن فلسطين بالانجليزي مترجم شكل عام موضوع عن فلسطين مؤثر
palestine location
Introduction
The Palestinian Territories are composed
as follows:
-
The West Bank This landlocked region in
the center-east of the State of Israel is first of all bordering country to the
North, West and South. In the East the border is marked by the river: the
Jordan and the Dead Sea, it delimits the region of Jordan.
This first territory also includes the
eastern part of Jerusalem.
The area is 5.655 km² for 2.65 million
Palestinians.
-
Gaza: this territory is located in the
south-west of Israel and is marked by borders to the north and east; Egypt to
the South and the Mediterranean Sea to the West.
This territory, 45 km long and 8 km wide,
commonly referred to as "Gaza Strip" includes a population of 1.64
million Palestinians for a total area of 365 km² and a density of 4,429
inhabitants per km², ten times the density in the West Bank.
The Gaza Strip has been blockaded by
Israel and Egypt since 2007. In recent years, the blockade has been lightened
but is still in place.
In total there are nearly 4.29 million
Palestinians living in a territory marked by its dichotomy plus 500,000 Israeli
settlers living in East Jerusalem and the West Bank. In the course of a
regional conflict history, the Palestinian diaspora has split to 10 million
people, the 6.71 million Palestinians living outside the Palestinian
Territories having fled to Jordan, Syria and Lebanon (3). millions), either
living in Israel or having settled in the United States.
The official name, pending the
establishment of a state under the Olso Accords in 1993, is the Palestinian
Territories (TP) whose regime is a Republic with Palestinian Authority (PA)
President Mahmoud Abbas .
The capital claimed by the PA is East
Jerusalem as the capital of the future state while the ministries are based in
Ramallah. In the framework of a just and lasting peace agreement, France considers
that Jerusalem should be the capital of the Palestinian and Israeli states.
The Flag of the TP is composed of
panarabic colors, namely a red triangle on the left extended by three
horizontal bands. A black representative for the Palestinians Nabka [5], a
white for the purity of the heart and the courage of this people and another
green for the land of Palestine. The red triangle is reminiscent of the blood
of martyrs.
The official currency is the new Israeli
Shekel (ILS), 1 ILS being equal to 0.21 € or $ 0.29.
However, some transactions in the West
Bank are carried out with the Jordanian dinar.
The official and current language is
Arabic and the majority religion is Islam.
The population growth is 2.9% per year
and the literacy rate of the society is 92.4%. The Human Development Index is
0.670 and ranked 110th in the world
Emblematic President of the PA, Yasser
Arafat and more particularly his death in 2004 marked a turning point in the
political stability of the Territories.
In 2005, Mahmoud Abbas of the Fatah
political party was elected head of the PA. It is then that a political
transition takes place with the victory of the legislative elections in 2006,
of the opposition: Hamas. When Ismael Haniyeh takes the head of the government,
a period of cohabitation takes place. The international community sees then the
beginning of a conflict relationship, between the head of government and the
President marked by violence between militants of the two parties, and decided
to freeze the financial aid to the PA.
In February 2007, the Mecca agreements
between Fatah and Hamas helped to calm political tensions, violence between
supporters and the restoration of aid from the international community. These
agreements lead to the creation of a government qualified as national unity.
However, in June of that year, Hamas, through a coup, took control of the Gaza
Strip. This coup marks the political split of the TP with Fatah administering
the West Bank and Hamas Gaza. Political and social tensions are growing to reach
their peak. A few days later, Mahmoud Abbas decides to dissolve the government
of national unity for the establishment of an emergency government, supported
by the international community but not recognized by Hamas, including Salam
Fayyad, a supporter of the Third Way, take the lead. Cohabitation is no longer
on the agenda.
In 2013 a new government led by Rami
Hamdallah takes shape, and Fatah reinforces its takeover of the West Bank.
Despite the Cairo agreements of the same year between Fatah and Hamas, which
provided for the creation of a new national unity government, the PA remains in
a split state and any reconciliation remains stalled for the time being.
The PA remains fragile in its domestic
politics with the conflict between the two main political parties. The
dichotomy between Gaza, led by Hamas and the West Bank by Fatah, is also
leading to the formation of two Palestinian regions, both of which are run by
their own institutions.
While Fatah and Hamas both aspire to the
creation of a Palestinian state, they differ on the realization of it. This
conflict imposes the separation of a people who undeniably seeks to find
themselves around a national unity.
The United Nations (UN) recognizes the
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) as the sole representative of the
Palestinian people, the only organization to be recognized as a Palestinian
diplomatic partner for the Israeli-Israeli negotiation resolutions. Palestinian.
socioeconomic
The socio-economic conditions in the
Palestinian Territories are considered alarming by the international community
as a result of the economic blockade on Gaza, mobility barriers for
Palestinians and property, and decreasing international donations.
The population is facing severe poverty
and especially food insecurity, which affects two out of every three
Palestinians in Gaza, with a ratio of one in four in the West Bank. For several
years, the agriculture and fishing sectors have been in a free fall while they
would create jobs and provide food for the population.
The International Labor Organization has
noted that 80% of Gaza's population is dependent on international aid and that
more than 40% live in poverty. [9]
The poverty rate is 18% in the West Bank,
reaching 38% in Gaza in 2012. [10]
In 2012, unemployment affected nearly 27%
of the population [11], especially among young people and in Gaza, where only
one in two work.
In this context, the security situation
remains tense.
economic and financial
Some statistics [13]:
-
GDP per capita (millions of dollars): $
2,534
-
GDP growth rate: 5.9%; 5% in the West
Bank and 9% in Gaza
-
Annual inflation rate 3.1% [14]
-
Budget balance (in millions of dollars
and% of GDP): ($ 8.9)
-
External debt (estimate for 2010 and in
billions of dollars): $ 1.04 [15]
-
Trade balance (in millions of dollars):
($ 4,797)
-
The exchange rate is relatively stable,
varying significantly since 2008.
The economic situation of TP is
relatively fragile. In 2013, the decline in economic growth caused a
significant rise in unemployment, especially among young people.
Gaza to higher growth than the West Bank,
however the situation reflects a catch-up level, the band has still not
regained its level of development of the 90s.
Israel is the main contributor to this
economic deterioration because of the restrictions imposed on the West Bank by
colonization and the reduction of commercial transactions with the region as
well as the blockade exercised on Gaza since 2007.
The TPs are also facing a financial
crisis that has led the government, with the help of the international
community, to a major work of reforms and consolidation of the public accounts.
In 2011, the international financial bodies acknowledged that the PA had
crossed the threshold to become a functional state. However, the AMF
accumulates bank loans and debts with suppliers, which increases the private
sector mainly driven by construction and services.
This poverty of the population inscribed
with the increase of unemployment in recent years are coupled with the decline
in donations of global aid.
geographical and environmental
The topography of TPs is characterized by
the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea in the Gaza Strip and the presence of
hillsides in the West Bank that collect winter rains. East of this same region,
the Jordan Valley extends to mark more desert landscapes.
The natural hazards of the region boil
down to sandstorms and periods of drought. TPs are subject to significant
earthquake risk as they are located on the geological fault called Levant Fault
In addition to these regional risks,
there are also anthropogenic risks related to groundwater pollution, whereas in
the region, fresh water represents a strategic issue of great importance.
General conclusion
This country risk analysis of the
Palestinian Territories shows us that the situation and fate of the Palestinian
people are marked by a desire for self-determination, which is part of the
regional history since the twentieth, combined with the complexity of a
conflict that does not to expand as time goes by.
The PA still fails to gain sovereign
legitimacy from the Palestinians despite that found with the international
community in 1993. The political and armed tensions between the two main
political parties, Hamas and Fatah, as well as their differences over The
realization of a peace process is the main factor in the failure of multiple
attempts at negotiation.
Because of this situation the Palestinian
Territories and more particularly the civilian population live in a reality of
constant turmoil between the internal conflicts, the assaults of Israel and its
multiple restrictions. Poverty and political instability are then reduced to
convincing insecurity that intensifies the Palestinian challenge.
The international actors remain attentive
to this conflict and bring their financial aid without taking risks by actions
never too conservative which can be compared to impotence.
The Palestinian Territories are bruised
by the strength of Israel's geographical, economic, political, military and
social position. This resulting lasting instability may be considered by Israel
as a means to assert its state position and particularly its current borders.
Despite a life in harmony between
Israelis and Palestinians in two separate states, the PA struggles to impose
itself at the regional and global level to make the State of Palestine not a
combination of utopian words but a reality .
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