معلومات عن مصر بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن  تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب مترجم رحلة عن مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في  للطلاب عرض ملخص مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية  برجراف عن السياحة فى مصر بالانجليزى موضوع عن القاهرة بالانجليزي مصر فى المستقبل الاثار المصرية بحث عن الاهرامات  مصر أم الدنيا موضوع تعبير متوقع بالإنجليزية Paragraph عن حال مصر how to make egypt better place

Introduction

Straddling two continents, Africa and Asia, Egypt covers nearly a million km2, almost twice the size of France. It has a common border with Sudan to the south, Libya to the west and Israel to the east, as well as 995 km of coastline on the Mediterranean Sea and 1941 km on the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. The arable and habitable surface represents only 5% of the total area, which is about the size of the Netherlands.

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Geographical data

 Official Name: Arab Republic of Egypt

 Nature of the regime: Presidential regime (Constitution adopted by referendum on 26/12/2012)

Head of State and Government: Adli Mansour, Acting President, appointed on 4 July 2013

 Area: 1.002.000 km²

Capital: Cairo

 Main cities: Alexandria (4.1 million inhabitants), Port Said, Assiut, Luxor, Aswan

 Official language: Classical Arabic is the official language of the state but is understood by only about 50% of the population. Egyptian Arabic (Masri) is the language spoken by the entire population.

 Currency: Egyptian Pound

Nb: 1 euro (EUR) = 9.36 Egyptian pound (EGP) on 29/11/2013

1.2 Relief

We can distinguish three geographical zones with distinct relief: (see Map below)

 The Nile Valley, suitable for agriculture, occupies only 4% of the territory and is home to almost the entire population. Downstream, the Nile branches out to form a vast delta of 23,000 km² (Lower Egypt).

 The Libyan Desert or Western Desert, set of low plateaus (300 to 400 meters), often covered with dunes. This ensemble is cut off from several oases like the Fayum.

 The Arabian Desert or Eastern Desert, which extends to the Red Sea and the entire Sinai Peninsula. A mountain range along the coast sometimes exceeds 2000 meters: the highest point of Egypt, Mount St. Catherine in Sinai, rises to 2637m.

1.3 Demographics

 Population: 82,536,000 inhabitants

 Density: 83 inhabitants / km²

It should be remembered that 95% of Egypt's land area is desert and uninhabitable. Thus, the density in the Delta and the Nile Valley evaluated at 1500 hab / km².

 Population growth (annual rate): 1.92% [1]

 Fertility index: 2.94 children / woman

 Life expectancy: 73 years

 Literacy rate: 72% [2]

 Population living below the poverty line: 25% (2011) [3]

 Religions: Sunni Islam majority; Christianity (just under 10% of Copts)

Human Development Index (HDI): 0.662 (2012) [4]

 Unemployment rate (ILO): 12.2% (2011)

1.4 Languages

There are no less than a dozen languages that are practiced in contemporary Egypt.

The official language is what is called standard Arabic, a modern intermediate between literary Arabic and the main dialects that have been adopted throughout the Arab world, both in Mashreq and in the Maghreb; it is essentially the written language, or supported. The oral language is rather Egyptian Arabic.

Egyptian Arabic (or Masri) is the oral language practiced by the vast majority of the Egyptian population. It is also sometimes called standard Egyptian Arabic or Egyptian Arabic from Lower Egypt. There are several dialects, the main one of which is the Cairo dialect, next to which is the dialect of the north of the Delta and that of the center and south of the Delta.

The Egyptian media (radio, television, cinema, song ...) have orally established a standard Egyptian Arabic based on the Cairo speech, understood by most of the population, even in areas where another dialect is spoken. The Cairo dialect is therefore the most widely used; it results from a mixture between the Arabic dialect of the Delta and the Arabic of Middle Egypt, with borrowing from literary Arabic. The masri is quite common in Mashreq because it is a form that is understandable by many other dialects of the region.

Sa'idi Arabic is that of southern Egypt, between the limits of Cairo influence and the border of Sudan. The dialect of Middle Egypt (Beni Suef, Fayyum, Giza) and the dialect of Upper Egypt, from Asyut to the border with Sudan, can be distinguished within the Sa'idi. The Egyptians of Upper Egypt are often called Sa'idi.

Then comes the Bedouin Arabic in which we distinguish:

 the eastern Egyptian bedawi, or Arab Bedawi of the Levant, spoken by the Bedouins of Sinai and the Red Sea coast; it is close to certain dialects of Hijaz, north-west of Saudi Arabia. It is found, with variants, among the Bedouins of Palestine, Jordan and Syria.

 The western Egyptian bedawi, also called Libyan Arab, spoken by Bedouins living between Alexandria and the Libyan border.

It is often forgotten that Egypt also has Bedouin communities, even though settlement tends to threaten their culture of disappearance in areas where Bedouins are not in the majority.

Coptic is a Semitic language that has inherited part of the language of ancient Egypt; it is a dead language that is only used as the religious language of the Copts, Christians of Egypt. Coptic, like standard Arabic or literary Arabic, is a written language, with characters essentially borrowed from Greek.

Important Nubian minorities also speak so-called "Nilo Saharan" or "Nubian Nilian" languages.

There is also a Berber language, Siwi, practiced in the desert of the northwest of the country, in the oasis of Siwa and various isolated villages of the oases of the west. This language has few links with other Berber languages.

Finally, there are European languages (especially Greek, with a large minority in Alexandria, or Italian), as well as Armenian or Albanian.

Finally, it should be noted that many Egyptians speak English and French. Foreign languages are also an important part of the curriculum of high school students and Egyptian students.

1.5 Ethnies

In Egypt there are several ethnic groups: the Arabs who make up the majority of the Egyptian population but there are also some minorities such as Berbers or Copts.

The Berbers group together a group of autochthonous ethnic groups of North Africa. At one time they occupied a vast territory stretching from the west of the Nile Valley to the Atlantic and the whole of the Sahara, and founded powerful kingdoms of Confederate tribes.

The Copts are the Christian inhabitants of Egypt. Their number is one of the best kept secrets in Egypt. An average figure of 7.5 million Copts is allowed, which makes up 10% of the Egyptian population and is the largest Christian minority in the Arab region1. The Coptic Orthodox Church puts forward the figure of 12 million faithful, which would make 15% of the population.