how to write an article example
• What are some of the things people can do on the
Internet?
• When you have access to the Internet, what kind of
things do you like to do?
When writing an article:
give your article a catchy title.
introduce the topic in a way that will attract the reader’s
attention.
use a variety of techniques (e.g. ask questions,
address the reader directly, use exclamations, include
expressions) to make your article more interesting.
The writer:
a. uses formal language.
b. includes questions and exclamations.
c. avoids referring to himself personally.
d. deals with different aspects of the topic in
separate paragraphs.
e. states his opinion and develops it by
explaining or giving examples.
f. gives arguments for and against the topic
discussed.
g. wants to interest and entertain the reader.
3. OUTLINE
TITLE
• Think of an interesting title.
INTRODUCTION
• Introduce the topic of the article in an original/
interesting way in order to attract the reader’s
attention.
• Say what in particular you are going to refer to
and what your opinion is.
MAIN PART
• Develop your ideas about different aspects of
the topic in separate paragraphs.
• Expand on, describe or give examples of each
aspect to develop the idea in the paragraph.
CONCLUSION
• Make a general statement to sum up
your ideas.
When writing an article referring to a topic from a
personal point of view, follow the outline below. 2. FOCUS ON PURPOSE AND STYLE
1. DISCUSS
A. Read the text below and answer the following
questions.
• Where might you find a text like this?
• What features lead you to think so?
B. Read the following sentences. Tick () the
sentences that apply to the text above.
4. WRITING TASK
You have seen this announcement in an international
magazine.
Write the article (120-180 words).
Like all of my generation, I have grown up surrounded
by technology. Mobile phones and GPS devices are
seen not as luxuries any more but as necessities.
However, it is the Internet that definitely plays the
greatest role in the lives of my friends and myself.
How do I use the Internet? In the first place, I use it to
keep in touch with relatives who live in other parts of
the country. Even if we can’t meet up, we can chat with
each other online or send e-mails.
What I like most, though, is that through the Internet
I have access to all sorts of information. You name it
_ online dictionaries and encyclopedias, even online
libraries, online magazines and newspapers _ the
Internet has it! My friends and I can find such a great
wealth of information for our school projects, and it’s
all at the tip of our fingers!
In a few words, my life would not be the same without
the Internet. With it, I am able to do so many things
that otherwise would be time-consuming or just
impossible.
The world
at your Tell us about a gadget that you consider
so necessary that you can’t live without it.
Say what you use it for and why it is so
important to you.
The most interesting articles will be published
in next month’s issue.
I can’t live without
a gadget...
29
• What do you know about virtual reality?
• Have you ever played any virtual reality games?
Discuss.
Read the texts A-D on page 31 about people who are
using or developing virtual reality technology. Which
aspect of virtual reality is each of the four texts about?
1. PRE-READING
READING
2. READING FOR GIST
3. SCANNING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Read the texts again and answer the questions 1-12.
Write A, B, C or D in the boxes.
Which text(s)
refer to research that is still
incomplete?
refers to a person who benefited
personally from the use of virtual
reality technology?
refers to technology that is of
educational value?
refers to a person who tried
something else before using virtual
reality technology?
refer to a project that is of medical
value?
refers to a program which can be
revised to include all the latest
information?
refers to technology that will help
people avoid unnecessary visits to
hospitals?
refers to technology that minimises
human error?
refers to technology that will make
a product less expensive?
refers to a technique that reduces
feelings of discomfort?
1. carry out
2. come up
3. do without
4. put up with
A. Match the highlighted phrasal verbs in
the texts with their meanings.
4. GUESSING THE MEANING
OF UNKNOWN WORDS
a. appear unexpectedly
b. tolerate
c. do, perform
d. manage despite the lack of
B. Look at the following words from the texts and
choose the correct meaning, a, b or c.
1. generated (Text A)
a. created
b. called
c. controlled
2. complex (Text A)
a. basic
b. interesting
c. difficult to understand
3. monitor (Text B)
a. check
b. destroy
c. create
4. expertise (Text B)
a. problem
b. character
c. special knowledge
5. parameters (Text B)
a. programmes
b. factors
c. skills
6. revolutionise (Text B)
a. prevent
b. reduce
c. change greatly
7. simulation (Text C)
a. recreation
b. story
c. area
8. prototype (Text C)
a. invention
b. example
c. equipment
9. distracted (Text D)
a. careless
b. sensitive
c. not concentrating
10. engrossed (Text D)
a. absorbed
b. indifferent
c. not interested
• In your opinion which of the new technologies
mentioned in the texts is or will be of most importance?
• Can you think of any other uses of virtual reality apart
from those mentioned in the texts?
• How can virtual reality be used in the classroom and in
the workplace?
Discuss.
5. POST-READING
Saud Khalid
is a plant biologist involved
in a project which aims to
help farmers investigate
and monitor plants and
the conditions in which
they grow. Presently,
farmers grow crops
without knowing what the
end result will be. If they knew
what problems could come up, they would
take steps to avoid them. Researchers, such
as Saud, have combined their expertise in an
effort to make it easier for farmers to predict
the success of their crops.
‘The program is actually a 3D model of a
virtual plant growing,’ says Saud. ‘By entering
different parameters, such as temperature,
we are able to see the effect that they will
have on the plant. Furthermore, once they
have planted their crops, farmers will be able
to keep an eye on them and improve plant
care by giving their crops what they need,
when they need it.’ When this program is
widely used, it will revolutionise effective crop
management and it will result in cheaper and
better quality food for all.
Carl Austen
is an archaeologist who was
involved in a ten-year project
named ‘Rome Reborn 1.0’. This
project used advanced technology
to digitally rebuild ancient Rome.
It is the largest and most complete
simulation of a historic city ever
created. ‘We have digitally recreated monuments that
no longer exist, and we have digitally restored sites
that have been destroyed with time, but this is by far
the most ambitious project ever to be done,’ says Carl.
It is a true 3D model that runs in real time. Users of
the program can work their way through the model as
they wish. They can enter important public buildings
and move around to explore every corner of this
marvellous, historic city. It is sure to serve as a
prototype for other city models of historic value.
‘The good thing is that if new discoveries are made,
the program will simply be updated to include them
and this is why I think that we will not be able to
do without it when teaching our children about ancient
Rome,’ adds Carl.
Saed Ali
is a mathematician
who is working on a
program that aims
to make virtual
surgery a reality.
‘Imagine the benefits of
such technology in use!
A surgeon will be able to carry out an
operation on your “digital double”, which is
a “virtual you” generated by a computer. By
doing so, the surgeon can learn from any
mistakes he makes. If the surgeon is finally
certain of success, he then will operate on
you without any problems. The surgeon will
be able to practise the operation several
times before actually doing it, which means
that there will be fewer mistakes,’ says Saed.
This technology is called surgical simulation
and is, without doubt, going to save
lives. The method of creating a digital
double involves complex geometry and
mathematics. ‘The possibilities are endless,’
adds Saed. ‘If the technology was available
right now, patients would even be spared of
a trip to the doctor’s. A scan would be sent
to the doctor who would make a correct
diagnosis and prepare for the operation
before asking the patient to come in.’
Paul Parker
is a 15-year-old boy who is
receiving treatment for burns
which he got when a pot of
boiling water fell onto his leg.
It is a well-known fact that the
treatment for a burn is worse
than the actual injury. For this
reason, nurses and physicians at
Nationwide Children’s Hospital decided to use
virtual reality games to help young victims put up
with the pain of wound care. Research shows that
anxiety and pain are strongly connected and if
patients are distracted, anxiety is reduced and the
procedure becomes less painful.
‘At first the nurses gave me books to look at, but
they did little to lessen the pain of having my
wounds taken care of. Then, one day, they let
me play with a virtual reality game and I was so
engrossed in playing the game that I was surprised
when the nurse told me that he had finished
dressing my wounds,’ says Paul.
vocabulary & grammar
GRAMMAR
Look at the examples below taken from the texts on
and answer the questions that follow.
1. If the technology was available right now, patients
would even be spared of a trip to the doctor’s.
2. ...if new discoveries are made, the program will
simply be updated to include them...
3. ...if patients are distracted, anxiety is reduced and
the procedure becomes less painful.
VOCABULARY
NOTE
• The prefixes un- and in- are used before
adjectives and adverbs to give them the opposite
meaning (able – unable, correct – incorrect).
• The prefix re- is used before verbs and nouns
deriving from verbs, and often means again
(build – rebuild).
• The suffix -ful is used after a noun to form
an adjective which means having enough of
(success – successful).
• The suffix -less is used after a noun to form an
adjective which means not having (doubt –
doubtless).
FOCUS ON USE
1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
2. EXPRESSIONS WITH THE WORD ‘EYE’
1. You should be more
with your work; there were a lot of silly
mistakes in your exam paper.
2. Scientists believe too much sunbathing
is to your health.
3. Saif is an leader; he
doesn’t know how to motivate people.
4. Spiders make me feel very
.
5. If you want to be in
business, you have to plan carefully.
6. The man was very ;
he showed us how to get back to our
hotel.
7. Since he lost his job and the bank took
back his house, Kevin has been
.
8. They are trying to
the buildings that were damaged in
the earthquake.
A. Look at the following extract from text B on page
31. What does the expression in bold mean?
Furthermore, once they have planted their crops, farmers will
be able to keep an eye on them and improve plant care...
B. Read the sentences below and match the
expressions in bold with their meanings a-d.
A. Look at the words in bold in the sentences below.
What do you think they mean? Choose a or b.
1. The possibilities are endless.
a. coming to an end b. having no end
2. This project used advanced technology to digitally
rebuild ancient Rome.
a. build again b. build a part of
3. If patients are distracted, anxiety is reduced and the
procedure becomes less painful.
a. causing pain b. without pain
4. The doctor’s diagnosis was incorrect so they didn’t give
the patient the right medicine.
a. accurate b. wrong
5. This information is unimportant and I’m not going to
consider it.
a. very important b. not important
B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of
the words in capitals.
CARE
HARM
EFFECTIVE
COMFORTABLE
SUCCESS
HELP
HOME
CONSTRUCT
1. The bracelet caught my eye; it was made
of diamonds and emeralds.
2. My brothers can never see eye to eye on anything.
3. Eric’s mother closed her eyes to his many faults.
4. My grandfather always had an eye for a bargain.
a. to be able to judge if something is valuable or attractive
b. to attract one’s attention
c. to ignore something
d. to agree about something
• Do the sentences refer to the past or present/future?
• Which sentence expresses something which generally
happens?
• Which sentence expresses something which is possible
to happen in the future?
• Which sentence expresses something imaginary?
• In which of the sentences could if be replaced by when?
FOCUS ON FORM
Look at the sentences 1-3 again and complete the
rules below.
NOTE
• Unless can be used instead of if... not... in
conditional sentences.
• If I were you is often used to express an
opinion or give advice.
Zero Conditional = a general truth or something
that always happens
if or when + Present Simple
Conditional Sentences Type 1 = something which is
possible to happen in the present or future
Conditional Sentences Type 2 = something
imaginary/unreal or unlikely to happen in the
present or future
if + would, could + base form
Grammar Reference pp. 134-135.
if +
will, can, must, may, might,
should + base form
or imperative
32
2. PRACTICE
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
ENGLISH IN USE
Complete the texts with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If I go to Australia, I the Great Barrier Reef.
a. will visit b. am visiting c. would visit d. visit
2. If I stay under the sun for too long, I .
a. am burning b. burned c. burn d. would burn
3. If I were you, I those mushrooms; they’re poisonous.
a. wouldn’t eat b. would eat c. will eat d. should eat
4. If I saw a lion, I up the nearest tree.
a. will climb b. climbed c. climb d. would climb
5. The Internet allows people from all over the world to connect each other.
a. into b. from c. against d. with
6. Atheer thought that the end of the book was very .
a. preferable b. noticeable c. predictable d. comparable
7. John had to changes in the number of squirrels in the area for his science project.
a. simulate b. monitor c. measure d. generate
8. Nasir’s area of is criminal law.
a. expertise b. recreation c. programme d. technology
• What are some of the things people can do on the
Internet?
• When you have access to the Internet, what kind of
things do you like to do?
When writing an article:
give your article a catchy title.
introduce the topic in a way that will attract the reader’s
attention.
use a variety of techniques (e.g. ask questions,
address the reader directly, use exclamations, include
expressions) to make your article more interesting.
The writer:
a. uses formal language.
b. includes questions and exclamations.
c. avoids referring to himself personally.
d. deals with different aspects of the topic in
separate paragraphs.
e. states his opinion and develops it by
explaining or giving examples.
f. gives arguments for and against the topic
discussed.
g. wants to interest and entertain the reader.
3. OUTLINE
TITLE
• Think of an interesting title.
INTRODUCTION
• Introduce the topic of the article in an original/
interesting way in order to attract the reader’s
attention.
• Say what in particular you are going to refer to
and what your opinion is.
MAIN PART
• Develop your ideas about different aspects of
the topic in separate paragraphs.
• Expand on, describe or give examples of each
aspect to develop the idea in the paragraph.
CONCLUSION
• Make a general statement to sum up
your ideas.
When writing an article referring to a topic from a
personal point of view, follow the outline below. 2. FOCUS ON PURPOSE AND STYLE
1. DISCUSS
A. Read the text below and answer the following
questions.
• Where might you find a text like this?
• What features lead you to think so?
B. Read the following sentences. Tick () the
sentences that apply to the text above.
4. WRITING TASK
You have seen this announcement in an international
magazine.
Write the article (120-180 words).
Like all of my generation, I have grown up surrounded
by technology. Mobile phones and GPS devices are
seen not as luxuries any more but as necessities.
However, it is the Internet that definitely plays the
greatest role in the lives of my friends and myself.
How do I use the Internet? In the first place, I use it to
keep in touch with relatives who live in other parts of
the country. Even if we can’t meet up, we can chat with
each other online or send e-mails.
What I like most, though, is that through the Internet
I have access to all sorts of information. You name it
_ online dictionaries and encyclopedias, even online
libraries, online magazines and newspapers _ the
Internet has it! My friends and I can find such a great
wealth of information for our school projects, and it’s
all at the tip of our fingers!
In a few words, my life would not be the same without
the Internet. With it, I am able to do so many things
that otherwise would be time-consuming or just
impossible.
The world
at your Tell us about a gadget that you consider
so necessary that you can’t live without it.
Say what you use it for and why it is so
important to you.
The most interesting articles will be published
in next month’s issue.
I can’t live without
a gadget...
29
• What do you know about virtual reality?
• Have you ever played any virtual reality games?
Discuss.
Read the texts A-D on page 31 about people who are
using or developing virtual reality technology. Which
aspect of virtual reality is each of the four texts about?
1. PRE-READING
READING
2. READING FOR GIST
3. SCANNING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Read the texts again and answer the questions 1-12.
Write A, B, C or D in the boxes.
Which text(s)
refer to research that is still
incomplete?
refers to a person who benefited
personally from the use of virtual
reality technology?
refers to technology that is of
educational value?
refers to a person who tried
something else before using virtual
reality technology?
refer to a project that is of medical
value?
refers to a program which can be
revised to include all the latest
information?
refers to technology that will help
people avoid unnecessary visits to
hospitals?
refers to technology that minimises
human error?
refers to technology that will make
a product less expensive?
refers to a technique that reduces
feelings of discomfort?
1. carry out
2. come up
3. do without
4. put up with
A. Match the highlighted phrasal verbs in
the texts with their meanings.
4. GUESSING THE MEANING
OF UNKNOWN WORDS
a. appear unexpectedly
b. tolerate
c. do, perform
d. manage despite the lack of
B. Look at the following words from the texts and
choose the correct meaning, a, b or c.
1. generated (Text A)
a. created
b. called
c. controlled
2. complex (Text A)
a. basic
b. interesting
c. difficult to understand
3. monitor (Text B)
a. check
b. destroy
c. create
4. expertise (Text B)
a. problem
b. character
c. special knowledge
5. parameters (Text B)
a. programmes
b. factors
c. skills
6. revolutionise (Text B)
a. prevent
b. reduce
c. change greatly
7. simulation (Text C)
a. recreation
b. story
c. area
8. prototype (Text C)
a. invention
b. example
c. equipment
9. distracted (Text D)
a. careless
b. sensitive
c. not concentrating
10. engrossed (Text D)
a. absorbed
b. indifferent
c. not interested
• In your opinion which of the new technologies
mentioned in the texts is or will be of most importance?
• Can you think of any other uses of virtual reality apart
from those mentioned in the texts?
• How can virtual reality be used in the classroom and in
the workplace?
Discuss.
5. POST-READING
Saud Khalid
is a plant biologist involved
in a project which aims to
help farmers investigate
and monitor plants and
the conditions in which
they grow. Presently,
farmers grow crops
without knowing what the
end result will be. If they knew
what problems could come up, they would
take steps to avoid them. Researchers, such
as Saud, have combined their expertise in an
effort to make it easier for farmers to predict
the success of their crops.
‘The program is actually a 3D model of a
virtual plant growing,’ says Saud. ‘By entering
different parameters, such as temperature,
we are able to see the effect that they will
have on the plant. Furthermore, once they
have planted their crops, farmers will be able
to keep an eye on them and improve plant
care by giving their crops what they need,
when they need it.’ When this program is
widely used, it will revolutionise effective crop
management and it will result in cheaper and
better quality food for all.
Carl Austen
is an archaeologist who was
involved in a ten-year project
named ‘Rome Reborn 1.0’. This
project used advanced technology
to digitally rebuild ancient Rome.
It is the largest and most complete
simulation of a historic city ever
created. ‘We have digitally recreated monuments that
no longer exist, and we have digitally restored sites
that have been destroyed with time, but this is by far
the most ambitious project ever to be done,’ says Carl.
It is a true 3D model that runs in real time. Users of
the program can work their way through the model as
they wish. They can enter important public buildings
and move around to explore every corner of this
marvellous, historic city. It is sure to serve as a
prototype for other city models of historic value.
‘The good thing is that if new discoveries are made,
the program will simply be updated to include them
and this is why I think that we will not be able to
do without it when teaching our children about ancient
Rome,’ adds Carl.
Saed Ali
is a mathematician
who is working on a
program that aims
to make virtual
surgery a reality.
‘Imagine the benefits of
such technology in use!
A surgeon will be able to carry out an
operation on your “digital double”, which is
a “virtual you” generated by a computer. By
doing so, the surgeon can learn from any
mistakes he makes. If the surgeon is finally
certain of success, he then will operate on
you without any problems. The surgeon will
be able to practise the operation several
times before actually doing it, which means
that there will be fewer mistakes,’ says Saed.
This technology is called surgical simulation
and is, without doubt, going to save
lives. The method of creating a digital
double involves complex geometry and
mathematics. ‘The possibilities are endless,’
adds Saed. ‘If the technology was available
right now, patients would even be spared of
a trip to the doctor’s. A scan would be sent
to the doctor who would make a correct
diagnosis and prepare for the operation
before asking the patient to come in.’
Paul Parker
is a 15-year-old boy who is
receiving treatment for burns
which he got when a pot of
boiling water fell onto his leg.
It is a well-known fact that the
treatment for a burn is worse
than the actual injury. For this
reason, nurses and physicians at
Nationwide Children’s Hospital decided to use
virtual reality games to help young victims put up
with the pain of wound care. Research shows that
anxiety and pain are strongly connected and if
patients are distracted, anxiety is reduced and the
procedure becomes less painful.
‘At first the nurses gave me books to look at, but
they did little to lessen the pain of having my
wounds taken care of. Then, one day, they let
me play with a virtual reality game and I was so
engrossed in playing the game that I was surprised
when the nurse told me that he had finished
dressing my wounds,’ says Paul.
vocabulary & grammar
GRAMMAR
Look at the examples below taken from the texts on
and answer the questions that follow.
1. If the technology was available right now, patients
would even be spared of a trip to the doctor’s.
2. ...if new discoveries are made, the program will
simply be updated to include them...
3. ...if patients are distracted, anxiety is reduced and
the procedure becomes less painful.
VOCABULARY
NOTE
• The prefixes un- and in- are used before
adjectives and adverbs to give them the opposite
meaning (able – unable, correct – incorrect).
• The prefix re- is used before verbs and nouns
deriving from verbs, and often means again
(build – rebuild).
• The suffix -ful is used after a noun to form
an adjective which means having enough of
(success – successful).
• The suffix -less is used after a noun to form an
adjective which means not having (doubt –
doubtless).
FOCUS ON USE
1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
2. EXPRESSIONS WITH THE WORD ‘EYE’
1. You should be more
with your work; there were a lot of silly
mistakes in your exam paper.
2. Scientists believe too much sunbathing
is to your health.
3. Saif is an leader; he
doesn’t know how to motivate people.
4. Spiders make me feel very
.
5. If you want to be in
business, you have to plan carefully.
6. The man was very ;
he showed us how to get back to our
hotel.
7. Since he lost his job and the bank took
back his house, Kevin has been
.
8. They are trying to
the buildings that were damaged in
the earthquake.
A. Look at the following extract from text B on page
31. What does the expression in bold mean?
Furthermore, once they have planted their crops, farmers will
be able to keep an eye on them and improve plant care...
B. Read the sentences below and match the
expressions in bold with their meanings a-d.
A. Look at the words in bold in the sentences below.
What do you think they mean? Choose a or b.
1. The possibilities are endless.
a. coming to an end b. having no end
2. This project used advanced technology to digitally
rebuild ancient Rome.
a. build again b. build a part of
3. If patients are distracted, anxiety is reduced and the
procedure becomes less painful.
a. causing pain b. without pain
4. The doctor’s diagnosis was incorrect so they didn’t give
the patient the right medicine.
a. accurate b. wrong
5. This information is unimportant and I’m not going to
consider it.
a. very important b. not important
B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of
the words in capitals.
CARE
HARM
EFFECTIVE
COMFORTABLE
SUCCESS
HELP
HOME
CONSTRUCT
1. The bracelet caught my eye; it was made
of diamonds and emeralds.
2. My brothers can never see eye to eye on anything.
3. Eric’s mother closed her eyes to his many faults.
4. My grandfather always had an eye for a bargain.
a. to be able to judge if something is valuable or attractive
b. to attract one’s attention
c. to ignore something
d. to agree about something
• Do the sentences refer to the past or present/future?
• Which sentence expresses something which generally
happens?
• Which sentence expresses something which is possible
to happen in the future?
• Which sentence expresses something imaginary?
• In which of the sentences could if be replaced by when?
FOCUS ON FORM
Look at the sentences 1-3 again and complete the
rules below.
NOTE
• Unless can be used instead of if... not... in
conditional sentences.
• If I were you is often used to express an
opinion or give advice.
Zero Conditional = a general truth or something
that always happens
if or when + Present Simple
Conditional Sentences Type 1 = something which is
possible to happen in the present or future
Conditional Sentences Type 2 = something
imaginary/unreal or unlikely to happen in the
present or future
if + would, could + base form
Grammar Reference pp. 134-135.
if +
will, can, must, may, might,
should + base form
or imperative
32
2. PRACTICE
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
ENGLISH IN USE
Complete the texts with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If I go to Australia, I the Great Barrier Reef.
a. will visit b. am visiting c. would visit d. visit
2. If I stay under the sun for too long, I .
a. am burning b. burned c. burn d. would burn
3. If I were you, I those mushrooms; they’re poisonous.
a. wouldn’t eat b. would eat c. will eat d. should eat
4. If I saw a lion, I up the nearest tree.
a. will climb b. climbed c. climb d. would climb
5. The Internet allows people from all over the world to connect each other.
a. into b. from c. against d. with
6. Atheer thought that the end of the book was very .
a. preferable b. noticeable c. predictable d. comparable
7. John had to changes in the number of squirrels in the area for his science project.
a. simulate b. monitor c. measure d. generate
8. Nasir’s area of is criminal law.
a. expertise b. recreation c. programme d. technology
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