HOME SCHOOLING
speaking
A. Read the text below and complete the gaps. Use only one word in each gap.
Home schooling may (1) many children’s dream, but it’s already true for a (2) number
of children around the world. Thousands of children aged six to sixteen in the UK (3) educated at home
(4) their parents or someone more experienced, like a teacher.
Learning at home has its advantages. For example, children don’t have a strict timetable and they can spend more time
doing subjects that appeal (5) their interests. Also, many kids feel that they have more free time to learn
one more foreign language, take (6) a sport and even go (7) their homework
(8) often. However, learning at home is not always as easy (9) you might think. Some
children find it difficult (10) concentrate at home, as there are so many other things going on. Others
miss being with other people their age and feel lonely.
In conclusion, home schooling may turn (11) to be a great experience for a child or it may turn
(12) a nightmare. It really all depends on the student’s personality and needs.
HOME SCHOOLING
B. Read the text and complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in capitals.
SCIENCE
LOCATE
STUDY
INVESTIGATE
DISCOVER
ADD
CONTRIBUTE
APPLY
Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Sinan al-Battani al-Harrani
Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Sinan al-Battani al-Harrani was an astronomer, astrologer and mathematician
born around 858 C.E. in Harran. His father, Jabir Ibn San’an al-Battani, who was also a well-known
(1) , gave him his first education.
Battani then moved to Raqqa, which is (2) on the Euphrates River, to continue
his education. He was a very (3) man and made the most of his observations and
mathematical (4) in Raqqa.
He is responsible for a number of important (5) in astronomy. One of his greatest
achievements was determining with remarkable accuracy that the solar year is 365 days, 5 hours,
46 minutes and 24 seconds.
In (6) , he determined the length of the seasons, accurately calculated several orbits
of the moon and planets and also came up with an interesting theory to determine the conditions of
visibility of the new moon.
His most important work is his zig, or set of astronomical tables which greatly influenced European
astronomy.
Without doubt, his (7) to astronomy and trigonometry forever changed the
development of these two sciences. The practical (8) of his theories has further
enhanced our understanding of mathematics and astronomy.
The modern world has honoured him by naming a region of the moon after him.
examination practice
15
• What kind of events does your school/university organise?
• Which is your favourite? Why?
A. Read the rubric below and underline the
key words.
1. discu ss
writing AN IN FORMAL LETT ER DESCRIBING AN EVENT
2. Focu s on content and style
Here is a part of a letter you have received
from a friend.
B. Now read the letter written in response. What do you
think of the event described?
C. Tick the items that indicate that this is an informal letter.
The writer:
1. addresses the recipient and signs off using full names.
2. addresses the recipient and signs off using first names.
3. uses contractions (e.g. I’d, can’t).
4. avoids using direct questions to address the recipient personally.
5. is polite but firm in his response.
6. is friendly and chatty in his response.
7. uses punctuation such as exclamation marks to make the letter more exciting.
Dear Martin,
I’m so happy to hear from you. We definitely have
a lot of interesting school events, but I think the
most important one is graduation day. Actually,
it’s very special for all students who are graduating
from high school because it’s the day we receive our
diplomas.
On this day, students wear semi-formal clothes
and on top they wear a gown. The ceremony begins
with the entrance of the graduating students to
the school auditorium or a similar venue. Then the
school principal welcomes everyone and gives a
speech. More speeches are given by certain faculty
members, as well as students. Then comes the part
we are all waiting for, the distribution of diplomas.
Each student is called and given their diploma.
I’m graduating in a few weeks and this day will
be the last time that I’ll be with all my classmates
and teachers. Then it’s off to college, and who knows
when I’ll see most of them again. So I’m feeling both
excited and upset about it. After the ceremony, we’ve
made plans to go to a restaurant and just hang out
while talking about our past and future.
Anyway, I hope this will help you in your project.
Would you like me to send you some pictures, too? It
would be no problem.
Take care,
Mark
Write your letter (120 -180 words).
I am working on a project at school
about various school events around
the world. I was wondering if you
could help me out by describing a
popular school event in your country
and saying why it’s important to you.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Unit1 writing
16
3. Editing your writing
The letter that follows has not been divided into paragraphs, and it has a number of mistakes that have been marked
using the correction code below. Read the letter, divide it into paragraphs and correct the mistakes.
4. Ou tline 5. WRITING TAS K
Read the rubric in activity 2A again, and write a
letter to your friend describing a school event in your
country (120-180 words).
Greeting
• Greet the person that you are writing to.
Opening paragrap h
• Use set phrases to begin your letter.
• Say why you’re writing.
• Briefly refer to the event.
Main Part
• Describe the event (what happens, the
atmosphere, special clothes, your personal
involvement, etc.).
• Say why you like it.
Closing paragrap h
• State anything you want to emphasise.
• Use set phrases to end your letter.
Signing off
• Use a signature ending and your first
name below that.
When you’re writing an informal letter
describing an event, follow the plan below.
For the layout of informal letters and set phrases
you can use, see Appendix I.
When you are writing an informal letter describing an event,
use:
ä informal language.
ä short forms (e.g. I’m, didn’t ).
ä exclamations (e.g. It was great! ).
ä direct questions (e.g. What are you up to? ).
ä expressions (e.g. well, of course, anyway, actually, you
know, you see ).
ä lively colourful language (i.e. a variety of adjectives,
adverbs and phrases).
Dear Martin,
Hi there! We have many important school events, but the one that I always look forward in is Earth Day.
It is held at 22nd April and all the schools in my city participate in this impor tant day. T he point of event is to
learn about the city’s environmental problems and do something to help. During this day verious activities
take part and our school usually does something different every year For example, our school may organise a
clean-up day and get together with another school to clean up an area in the city. This way everyone collects all
the lit ter from the parks and lakes. Something else our school may do is plant trees in different places that
they are needed, so we can make our city greener. Apart from the main celebration on the 22nd, our teachers
are including lessons about the environment in the curriculum throughout the April in an effort to make us more
knowledgeable about it. I like this day a lot. Anyone who has participated in Ear th Day will tell you that it is a
unic experience. It gives you the chance to learn about the environment, as well as to do something to help it while
having fun! Well, I hope I had been of some help to you. If is there anything else you need, just let me know.
Best wishes,
Ryan WW: wrong word
WO: word order
Pr: preposition
T: tense
P: punctuation
A: article
Sp: spelling
: something missing
Correction Code
Pr
W W
T A
Sp
T WO
Pr
Sp
P
WW
17
1. pre-reading
• Is it possible that there is life on other planets?
2. reading for gist
5. post-reading
• What’s your opinion about the SETI@home project?
3. Reading for specific information
Discuss.
Discuss.
What is the writer’s attitude towards the idea of
communicating with extraterrestrials?
a. He is a fanatical supporter of it.
b. He is totally against it.
c. He believes the disadvantages are more than the
advantages.
d. He is neutral and doesn’t take sides.
4. GUESSING THE MEANING OF UNKNO WN
WORDS
Match the highlighted words in the article with the
meanings a-h. There are two extra meanings which you
do not need to use.
1. What does the writer mean by the phrase ‘our fascination
with extraterrestrials reached a peak’ in line 10?
a. People were interested in aliens more than ever before.
b. Everyone was convinced that extraterrestrials existed.
c. The first science fiction books were written.
d. A fascinating discovery related to extraterrestrials
was made.
2. Why did Charles Cros want to build an enormous
mirror?
a. He wanted to receive sunlight from Mars.
b. He wanted to create life on Mars.
c. He wanted to communicate with Martians.
d. He wanted to burn a city on Mars.
3. How long have people been sending messages to outer
space in the hope of contacting extraterrestrials?
a. since the 19th century
b. since the 1970s
c. for centuries
d. for the past decade
4. Pioneer 10
a. was made of gold.
b. had no astronauts.
c. included interesting information about
extraterrestrials.
d. was launched to locate the Earth’s position in the
solar system.
Read the article on page 19 quickly and answer the
question that follows.
1. rapid
2. illuminated
3. sophisticated
4. representative
5. cluster
6. determine
Read the article again and answer the questions 1-7
below. Choose a, b, c or d.
5. What will happen in about 40,000 years?
a. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 will reach Jupiter and Saturn.
b. Aliens will receive the Pioneer Plaque.
c. Extraterrestrials will reply to us.
d. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 will get to Alpha Centauri.
6. Why isn’t a reply to the Arecibo Message expected in the
near future?
a. The message was sent in 1974.
b. The transmission of the message didn’t take long
enough.
c. The information included in the message is too
complicated.
d. The distance the message has to cover is extremely
long.
7. By downloading SETI@home software, personal
computer users can
a. assist in the search for signals from alien life-forms.
b. send messages to extraterrestrials.
c. contact NASA.
d. analyse data received from extraterrestrials.
a. typical
b. wonder
c. group
d. decide
e. light
f. quick
g. lit up
h. advanced
18
A. Read the text below and complete the gaps. Use only one word in each gap.
Home schooling may (1) many children’s dream, but it’s already true for a (2) number
of children around the world. Thousands of children aged six to sixteen in the UK (3) educated at home
(4) their parents or someone more experienced, like a teacher.
Learning at home has its advantages. For example, children don’t have a strict timetable and they can spend more time
doing subjects that appeal (5) their interests. Also, many kids feel that they have more free time to learn
one more foreign language, take (6) a sport and even go (7) their homework
(8) often. However, learning at home is not always as easy (9) you might think. Some
children find it difficult (10) concentrate at home, as there are so many other things going on. Others
miss being with other people their age and feel lonely.
In conclusion, home schooling may turn (11) to be a great experience for a child or it may turn
(12) a nightmare. It really all depends on the student’s personality and needs.
HOME SCHOOLING
B. Read the text and complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in capitals.
SCIENCE
LOCATE
STUDY
INVESTIGATE
DISCOVER
ADD
CONTRIBUTE
APPLY
Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Sinan al-Battani al-Harrani
Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Sinan al-Battani al-Harrani was an astronomer, astrologer and mathematician
born around 858 C.E. in Harran. His father, Jabir Ibn San’an al-Battani, who was also a well-known
(1) , gave him his first education.
Battani then moved to Raqqa, which is (2) on the Euphrates River, to continue
his education. He was a very (3) man and made the most of his observations and
mathematical (4) in Raqqa.
He is responsible for a number of important (5) in astronomy. One of his greatest
achievements was determining with remarkable accuracy that the solar year is 365 days, 5 hours,
46 minutes and 24 seconds.
In (6) , he determined the length of the seasons, accurately calculated several orbits
of the moon and planets and also came up with an interesting theory to determine the conditions of
visibility of the new moon.
His most important work is his zig, or set of astronomical tables which greatly influenced European
astronomy.
Without doubt, his (7) to astronomy and trigonometry forever changed the
development of these two sciences. The practical (8) of his theories has further
enhanced our understanding of mathematics and astronomy.
The modern world has honoured him by naming a region of the moon after him.
examination practice
15
• What kind of events does your school/university organise?
• Which is your favourite? Why?
A. Read the rubric below and underline the
key words.
1. discu ss
writing AN IN FORMAL LETT ER DESCRIBING AN EVENT
2. Focu s on content and style
Here is a part of a letter you have received
from a friend.
B. Now read the letter written in response. What do you
think of the event described?
C. Tick the items that indicate that this is an informal letter.
The writer:
1. addresses the recipient and signs off using full names.
2. addresses the recipient and signs off using first names.
3. uses contractions (e.g. I’d, can’t).
4. avoids using direct questions to address the recipient personally.
5. is polite but firm in his response.
6. is friendly and chatty in his response.
7. uses punctuation such as exclamation marks to make the letter more exciting.
Dear Martin,
I’m so happy to hear from you. We definitely have
a lot of interesting school events, but I think the
most important one is graduation day. Actually,
it’s very special for all students who are graduating
from high school because it’s the day we receive our
diplomas.
On this day, students wear semi-formal clothes
and on top they wear a gown. The ceremony begins
with the entrance of the graduating students to
the school auditorium or a similar venue. Then the
school principal welcomes everyone and gives a
speech. More speeches are given by certain faculty
members, as well as students. Then comes the part
we are all waiting for, the distribution of diplomas.
Each student is called and given their diploma.
I’m graduating in a few weeks and this day will
be the last time that I’ll be with all my classmates
and teachers. Then it’s off to college, and who knows
when I’ll see most of them again. So I’m feeling both
excited and upset about it. After the ceremony, we’ve
made plans to go to a restaurant and just hang out
while talking about our past and future.
Anyway, I hope this will help you in your project.
Would you like me to send you some pictures, too? It
would be no problem.
Take care,
Mark
Write your letter (120 -180 words).
I am working on a project at school
about various school events around
the world. I was wondering if you
could help me out by describing a
popular school event in your country
and saying why it’s important to you.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Unit1 writing
16
3. Editing your writing
The letter that follows has not been divided into paragraphs, and it has a number of mistakes that have been marked
using the correction code below. Read the letter, divide it into paragraphs and correct the mistakes.
4. Ou tline 5. WRITING TAS K
Read the rubric in activity 2A again, and write a
letter to your friend describing a school event in your
country (120-180 words).
Greeting
• Greet the person that you are writing to.
Opening paragrap h
• Use set phrases to begin your letter.
• Say why you’re writing.
• Briefly refer to the event.
Main Part
• Describe the event (what happens, the
atmosphere, special clothes, your personal
involvement, etc.).
• Say why you like it.
Closing paragrap h
• State anything you want to emphasise.
• Use set phrases to end your letter.
Signing off
• Use a signature ending and your first
name below that.
When you’re writing an informal letter
describing an event, follow the plan below.
For the layout of informal letters and set phrases
you can use, see Appendix I.
When you are writing an informal letter describing an event,
use:
ä informal language.
ä short forms (e.g. I’m, didn’t ).
ä exclamations (e.g. It was great! ).
ä direct questions (e.g. What are you up to? ).
ä expressions (e.g. well, of course, anyway, actually, you
know, you see ).
ä lively colourful language (i.e. a variety of adjectives,
adverbs and phrases).
Dear Martin,
Hi there! We have many important school events, but the one that I always look forward in is Earth Day.
It is held at 22nd April and all the schools in my city participate in this impor tant day. T he point of event is to
learn about the city’s environmental problems and do something to help. During this day verious activities
take part and our school usually does something different every year For example, our school may organise a
clean-up day and get together with another school to clean up an area in the city. This way everyone collects all
the lit ter from the parks and lakes. Something else our school may do is plant trees in different places that
they are needed, so we can make our city greener. Apart from the main celebration on the 22nd, our teachers
are including lessons about the environment in the curriculum throughout the April in an effort to make us more
knowledgeable about it. I like this day a lot. Anyone who has participated in Ear th Day will tell you that it is a
unic experience. It gives you the chance to learn about the environment, as well as to do something to help it while
having fun! Well, I hope I had been of some help to you. If is there anything else you need, just let me know.
Best wishes,
Ryan WW: wrong word
WO: word order
Pr: preposition
T: tense
P: punctuation
A: article
Sp: spelling
: something missing
Correction Code
Pr
W W
T A
Sp
T WO
Pr
Sp
P
WW
17
1. pre-reading
• Is it possible that there is life on other planets?
2. reading for gist
5. post-reading
• What’s your opinion about the SETI@home project?
3. Reading for specific information
Discuss.
Discuss.
What is the writer’s attitude towards the idea of
communicating with extraterrestrials?
a. He is a fanatical supporter of it.
b. He is totally against it.
c. He believes the disadvantages are more than the
advantages.
d. He is neutral and doesn’t take sides.
4. GUESSING THE MEANING OF UNKNO WN
WORDS
Match the highlighted words in the article with the
meanings a-h. There are two extra meanings which you
do not need to use.
1. What does the writer mean by the phrase ‘our fascination
with extraterrestrials reached a peak’ in line 10?
a. People were interested in aliens more than ever before.
b. Everyone was convinced that extraterrestrials existed.
c. The first science fiction books were written.
d. A fascinating discovery related to extraterrestrials
was made.
2. Why did Charles Cros want to build an enormous
mirror?
a. He wanted to receive sunlight from Mars.
b. He wanted to create life on Mars.
c. He wanted to communicate with Martians.
d. He wanted to burn a city on Mars.
3. How long have people been sending messages to outer
space in the hope of contacting extraterrestrials?
a. since the 19th century
b. since the 1970s
c. for centuries
d. for the past decade
4. Pioneer 10
a. was made of gold.
b. had no astronauts.
c. included interesting information about
extraterrestrials.
d. was launched to locate the Earth’s position in the
solar system.
Read the article on page 19 quickly and answer the
question that follows.
1. rapid
2. illuminated
3. sophisticated
4. representative
5. cluster
6. determine
Read the article again and answer the questions 1-7
below. Choose a, b, c or d.
5. What will happen in about 40,000 years?
a. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 will reach Jupiter and Saturn.
b. Aliens will receive the Pioneer Plaque.
c. Extraterrestrials will reply to us.
d. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 will get to Alpha Centauri.
6. Why isn’t a reply to the Arecibo Message expected in the
near future?
a. The message was sent in 1974.
b. The transmission of the message didn’t take long
enough.
c. The information included in the message is too
complicated.
d. The distance the message has to cover is extremely
long.
7. By downloading SETI@home software, personal
computer users can
a. assist in the search for signals from alien life-forms.
b. send messages to extraterrestrials.
c. contact NASA.
d. analyse data received from extraterrestrials.
a. typical
b. wonder
c. group
d. decide
e. light
f. quick
g. lit up
h. advanced
18
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