Broke again
B. Choose the correct answer.
1. When Piers got promoted to director of the company his annual increased significantly.
a. proceeds b. income c. value d. interest
2. A lot of young people do not think they need to worry about their until they get older.
a. finances b. economy c. borrowing d. compensation
3. Young people should be encouraged to set up savings .
a. budgets b. fees c. accounts d. pensions
4. Sometimes buying an item on is useful if you do not have all the money to pay for it up front.
a. loan b. credit c. instalments d. top
5. Financial experts advise us that we should always shop before we make any big financial decisions.
a. over b. up c. down d. around
6. After noticing how the company had been progressing, Fahad decided to some money in it.
a. invest b. extend c. accumulate d. work
7. The director of the factory announced that they had made bigger than he had expected so he was going to
increase the workers’ salaries.
a. grants b. profits c. costs d. rewards
8. Frank started putting money into a from an early age so that he would be able to enjoy a comfortable
retirement.
a. credit card b. pension plan c. budget d. loan
9. Hassan bought a new house five years ago and its value has increased so much that if he sold it now, he could
buy two houses with the money.
a. money b. financial c. market d. annual
10. Jeremy left his car in a no-parking zone and he had to pay a(n) as a result.
a. bonus b. fine c. royalty d. allowance
examination practice
73
1. discu ss
writing an expository essay
You have taken part in a class discussion on the topic of young
people and unemployment. Your teacher has now asked you to
write an essay on the topic below.
Read the rubric below carefully. Underline the key words in it and answer the questions 1-3.
1. What are you required to write?
a. an essay presenting arguments
b. an essay discussing a topic
2. What is the issue you are required to discuss?
a. what has caused more young people to
start up businesses
b. what young people need to become
entrepreneurs
3. Who is the essay intended for?
a. the general public
b. a specific reader, for example a teacher
Discuss the following quotation from a
successful entrepreneur. How far do you
agree with it?
2. Focu s on analysing the rub ric
A. Read the essay below. What two factors does the writer believe
have contributed to the current trend in the UK?
3. Focu s on content and organisation
B. Read the essay again and answer the
questions that follow.
‘Business opportunities are like buses,
there’s always another one coming.‛
(Richard Branson, founder of Virgin
Enterprise)
In recent years, a growing number of young people have started
setting up and running their own businesses. This trend can be
attributed to economic factors as well as the changing workforce
needs of many industries. Young people are amongst the hardest
hit, with unemployment of 16-24 year olds at a record high.
Possibly the most significant factor is the current economic
climate which has put a strain on employment; many people
are losing their jobs as both the commercial and public sectors
struggle to survive in the recession. In particular, school leavers
and new graduates are most affected as they are coming into a
job market with little or no work experience or skills. On the other
side of the coin, many employers believe young people have little
to offer and do not want to waste time and money on training. In
this competitive environment, young adults are having to create
their own job opportunities.
Moreover, in major employment sectors, such as agriculture,
manufacturing and services, the use of advanced technology is
reducing the number of jobs available as people find themselves
being replaced by machines. Consider, for instance, how common
automated gas pumps, ATMs and vending machines are. A large
section of the workforce has been affected by these changes.
Consequently, school leavers who are left with fewer job
opportunities have been obliged to find alternative solutions.
To sum up, it is clear that nowadays anyone entering the workforce
for the first time will have to use their initiative and creativity in
order to succeed. In a world where jobs are few and far between,
imagination and drive are what counts towards success.
1. In what part of the essay does the writer
first mention the two factors he considers
important?
2. In what part does he refer to the two
factors in depth?
3. Which sentence in each of the paragraphs
above summarises the general topic of the
paragraph?
4. What is the term commonly used to refer
to these sentences?
a. summary sentences
b. topic sentences
5. In each paragraph, how does the writer
further develop the idea expressed in the
topic sentence? Give examples.
6. In what part of the essay does the writer
express his/her own opinion?
A current trend in the UK is to encourage school leavers and new graduates
to become entrepreneurs and run their own businesses. In fact, an academy
has been established to teach young people how to become entrepreneurs.
What factors have contributed to this trend? Discuss, giving examples.
Write your essay.
74
4. Focu s on language
A. Underline the linking words/phrases in the essay and say whether they are used to add information, emphasise a
point, give an example, express cause or result, express contrast or summarise.
B. Circle the correct linking words/phrases in the essay below.
A question that people are commonly asked about career choices is whether the pay or job
satisfaction is more important. (1) Although / As a matter of fact the issues this question raises
seem valid, I would like to point out that I consider this a false dilemma.
(2) First of all / However, it is obvious that these two factors go hand in hand. (3) Therefore /
For example, if you are satisfied with your pay, you are more likely to be happy with your job
than if you feel you are underpaid. Conversely, no matter how much you are paid, if you dislike
the job you are doing, it is difficult to be happy with it. (4) On the whole / Consequently, the one
factor leads to the other in either case.
(5) What is more / For instance, I think it is misleading to suggest that
this is an ‘either or’ question. (6) Nonetheless / In fact, I believe that
people should be encouraged to seek both adequate remuneration and
a sense of satisfaction from the job they decide to do. (7) All the same /
Thus, what will be gained is a better balance all round.
(8) Furthermore / Nevertheless, if one is actually faced
with the dilemma of having to choose one or the other, it
is a difficult choice to make. (9) All in all / As a result, I
would say that it is a choice that requires one to take their
own personality into consideration and to weigh the pros
and cons as well.
Write the essay based on the outline you have made (200-250 words).
When writing an expository essay:
underline the key words in the rubric to get a clear idea of what
your essay should focus on.
write in a formal, impersonal style and do not use abbreviations or
short forms.
use a topic sentence to introduce each paragraph, especially in
the main part.
do not develop your ideas in the introduction and do not introduce
new ideas in the conclusion.
make an effort to use a wide range of vocabulary and structures.
do not translate from your own language; try to think in English
instead.
5. Brainstorming
Read the rubric and answer the questions that follow.
You have taken part in a class discussion on the topic of
career choices. Your teacher has now asked you to write
an essay on the topic below.
1. What issue are you required to discuss?
2. What factors do you think should be taken into
consideration when choosing a career?
3. Which two or three factors do you think you should focus
on in your essay? Why?
4. What examples can you give to illustrate the significance
of the factors?
5. What is your personal opinion on the issue?
6. outline
7. Writing task
Use your ideas from activity 5 to write an outline for the topic.
Intr oducti on
• Introduce the issue to be discussed.
Mai n Part (2-3 paragrap hs)
• Choose two or three aspects of the issue.
• Group related ideas in paragraphs and
support them with justification/examples.
Conclusi on
• Summarise your ideas and state your
personal opinion if you wish.
When writing an expositor y essay (i.e.
one that requires you to discuss and
develop a particular topic), follow the
outline below.
Choosing which career to pursue is one
of the most important decisions we will
ever make. What should be taken into
consideration? Discuss, giving examples.
Write your essay.
For linking words and phrases you can
use, see Appendix I.
75
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
1. The eyewitness’s was the most important element the prosecution had.
a. flexibility b. insight c. foresight d. testimony
2. He wanted to change career because he wasn’t very satisfied with his .
a. rewards b. earnings c. proceeds d. savings
3. The company told us they no longer needed our services and we were offered 2 months’ .
a. fine b. severance pay c. premonition d. instalments
4. If you keep getting more credit cards, you’ll eventually enormous debts.
a. run up b. run into c. run away d. run out
5. Although I had hoped to finish the project today, it seems that it is . I definitely need more time.
a. impossible b. optimistic c. forceful d. incapable
6. The building company worked in with local councillors to design new urban areas.
a. limitation b. application c. collaboration d. provision
7. If I had not been given medication by my doctor, the pain in my leg following the accident would have been .
a. accessible b. insignificant c. unbearable d. outstanding
8. Jack overslept and he was in a crazy not to be late for work this morning.
a. rush b. claim c. attempt d. stress
9. The conference of the National Association of Foreign Language Teachers will be held in Dallas next year.
a. insignificant b. desirable c. approachable d. annual
10. After winning a high-profile case, Hassan has a reputation for being an excellent lawyer.
a. acquired b. dispelled c. convinced d. adjusted
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
1. We our living room this past month and the house is a mess.
a. redecorate b. have been redecorating c. are redecorating d. have redecorated
2. How long ? Is it more than ten years?
a. have you been married b. do you marry c. have you married d. are you married
3. my brother for ages. I should give him a call.
a. I haven’t been seeing b. I haven’t seen c. I don’t see d. I’m not seeing
4. My parents of getting a loan to buy a new house, but I don’t think it’s the best time to do that.
a. think b. have thought c. are thinking d. had thought
5. I’m glad I studied French at university. I to communicate with our French clients otherwise.
a. will be able b. am able c. wouldn’t be able d. wasn’t able
6. This hotel is expensive. We shouldn’t have booked a room here.
a. far b. rather c. much d. a lot
7. my help, don’t hesitate to call me. I’m always here for you.
a. If you ever needed b. Unless you ever need c. Should you ever need d. Would you ever need
8. As a salesperson, Charlie frequently. As a matter of fact he’s abroad for most of the year.
a. has been travelling b. has travelled c. is travelling d. travels
9. If you press that button, this device a strong blue light.
a. would emit b. emits c. emitted d. is emitting
10. The younger a person is, the he is.
a. more immature b. most immature c. immature d. much immature
examination practice
round-up
Units (5-6)
76
C. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between two and eight words including the word given.
1. My sister is in the annoying habit of talking to me at the same time I’m on the phone. always
My sister at the same time I’m on the phone.
2. My nephew has been saving money to buy a new laptop. aside
My nephew to buy a new laptop.
3. We started working on the project last Monday and are still working on it. been
We on the project since last Monday.
4. I usually pay for the things I buy at the time I buy them in cash; I hardly ever use a credit card. front
I usually pay for the things I buy ; I hardly ever use a credit card.
5. I don’t think you will need any help, but if you do, just ask me. should
If , just ask me.
6. James doesn’t have the qualifications required, that’s why he cannot possibly get the job. only
James would get the job required.
7. Let’s compare prices before we decide which laptop to buy. around
How a bit before we decide which laptop to buy?
D. Read the text below and complete the gaps. Use only one word in each gap.
B. Choose the correct answer.
1. When Piers got promoted to director of the company his annual increased significantly.
a. proceeds b. income c. value d. interest
2. A lot of young people do not think they need to worry about their until they get older.
a. finances b. economy c. borrowing d. compensation
3. Young people should be encouraged to set up savings .
a. budgets b. fees c. accounts d. pensions
4. Sometimes buying an item on is useful if you do not have all the money to pay for it up front.
a. loan b. credit c. instalments d. top
5. Financial experts advise us that we should always shop before we make any big financial decisions.
a. over b. up c. down d. around
6. After noticing how the company had been progressing, Fahad decided to some money in it.
a. invest b. extend c. accumulate d. work
7. The director of the factory announced that they had made bigger than he had expected so he was going to
increase the workers’ salaries.
a. grants b. profits c. costs d. rewards
8. Frank started putting money into a from an early age so that he would be able to enjoy a comfortable
retirement.
a. credit card b. pension plan c. budget d. loan
9. Hassan bought a new house five years ago and its value has increased so much that if he sold it now, he could
buy two houses with the money.
a. money b. financial c. market d. annual
10. Jeremy left his car in a no-parking zone and he had to pay a(n) as a result.
a. bonus b. fine c. royalty d. allowance
examination practice
73
1. discu ss
writing an expository essay
You have taken part in a class discussion on the topic of young
people and unemployment. Your teacher has now asked you to
write an essay on the topic below.
Read the rubric below carefully. Underline the key words in it and answer the questions 1-3.
1. What are you required to write?
a. an essay presenting arguments
b. an essay discussing a topic
2. What is the issue you are required to discuss?
a. what has caused more young people to
start up businesses
b. what young people need to become
entrepreneurs
3. Who is the essay intended for?
a. the general public
b. a specific reader, for example a teacher
Discuss the following quotation from a
successful entrepreneur. How far do you
agree with it?
2. Focu s on analysing the rub ric
A. Read the essay below. What two factors does the writer believe
have contributed to the current trend in the UK?
3. Focu s on content and organisation
B. Read the essay again and answer the
questions that follow.
‘Business opportunities are like buses,
there’s always another one coming.‛
(Richard Branson, founder of Virgin
Enterprise)
In recent years, a growing number of young people have started
setting up and running their own businesses. This trend can be
attributed to economic factors as well as the changing workforce
needs of many industries. Young people are amongst the hardest
hit, with unemployment of 16-24 year olds at a record high.
Possibly the most significant factor is the current economic
climate which has put a strain on employment; many people
are losing their jobs as both the commercial and public sectors
struggle to survive in the recession. In particular, school leavers
and new graduates are most affected as they are coming into a
job market with little or no work experience or skills. On the other
side of the coin, many employers believe young people have little
to offer and do not want to waste time and money on training. In
this competitive environment, young adults are having to create
their own job opportunities.
Moreover, in major employment sectors, such as agriculture,
manufacturing and services, the use of advanced technology is
reducing the number of jobs available as people find themselves
being replaced by machines. Consider, for instance, how common
automated gas pumps, ATMs and vending machines are. A large
section of the workforce has been affected by these changes.
Consequently, school leavers who are left with fewer job
opportunities have been obliged to find alternative solutions.
To sum up, it is clear that nowadays anyone entering the workforce
for the first time will have to use their initiative and creativity in
order to succeed. In a world where jobs are few and far between,
imagination and drive are what counts towards success.
1. In what part of the essay does the writer
first mention the two factors he considers
important?
2. In what part does he refer to the two
factors in depth?
3. Which sentence in each of the paragraphs
above summarises the general topic of the
paragraph?
4. What is the term commonly used to refer
to these sentences?
a. summary sentences
b. topic sentences
5. In each paragraph, how does the writer
further develop the idea expressed in the
topic sentence? Give examples.
6. In what part of the essay does the writer
express his/her own opinion?
A current trend in the UK is to encourage school leavers and new graduates
to become entrepreneurs and run their own businesses. In fact, an academy
has been established to teach young people how to become entrepreneurs.
What factors have contributed to this trend? Discuss, giving examples.
Write your essay.
74
4. Focu s on language
A. Underline the linking words/phrases in the essay and say whether they are used to add information, emphasise a
point, give an example, express cause or result, express contrast or summarise.
B. Circle the correct linking words/phrases in the essay below.
A question that people are commonly asked about career choices is whether the pay or job
satisfaction is more important. (1) Although / As a matter of fact the issues this question raises
seem valid, I would like to point out that I consider this a false dilemma.
(2) First of all / However, it is obvious that these two factors go hand in hand. (3) Therefore /
For example, if you are satisfied with your pay, you are more likely to be happy with your job
than if you feel you are underpaid. Conversely, no matter how much you are paid, if you dislike
the job you are doing, it is difficult to be happy with it. (4) On the whole / Consequently, the one
factor leads to the other in either case.
(5) What is more / For instance, I think it is misleading to suggest that
this is an ‘either or’ question. (6) Nonetheless / In fact, I believe that
people should be encouraged to seek both adequate remuneration and
a sense of satisfaction from the job they decide to do. (7) All the same /
Thus, what will be gained is a better balance all round.
(8) Furthermore / Nevertheless, if one is actually faced
with the dilemma of having to choose one or the other, it
is a difficult choice to make. (9) All in all / As a result, I
would say that it is a choice that requires one to take their
own personality into consideration and to weigh the pros
and cons as well.
Write the essay based on the outline you have made (200-250 words).
When writing an expository essay:
underline the key words in the rubric to get a clear idea of what
your essay should focus on.
write in a formal, impersonal style and do not use abbreviations or
short forms.
use a topic sentence to introduce each paragraph, especially in
the main part.
do not develop your ideas in the introduction and do not introduce
new ideas in the conclusion.
make an effort to use a wide range of vocabulary and structures.
do not translate from your own language; try to think in English
instead.
5. Brainstorming
Read the rubric and answer the questions that follow.
You have taken part in a class discussion on the topic of
career choices. Your teacher has now asked you to write
an essay on the topic below.
1. What issue are you required to discuss?
2. What factors do you think should be taken into
consideration when choosing a career?
3. Which two or three factors do you think you should focus
on in your essay? Why?
4. What examples can you give to illustrate the significance
of the factors?
5. What is your personal opinion on the issue?
6. outline
7. Writing task
Use your ideas from activity 5 to write an outline for the topic.
Intr oducti on
• Introduce the issue to be discussed.
Mai n Part (2-3 paragrap hs)
• Choose two or three aspects of the issue.
• Group related ideas in paragraphs and
support them with justification/examples.
Conclusi on
• Summarise your ideas and state your
personal opinion if you wish.
When writing an expositor y essay (i.e.
one that requires you to discuss and
develop a particular topic), follow the
outline below.
Choosing which career to pursue is one
of the most important decisions we will
ever make. What should be taken into
consideration? Discuss, giving examples.
Write your essay.
For linking words and phrases you can
use, see Appendix I.
75
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
1. The eyewitness’s was the most important element the prosecution had.
a. flexibility b. insight c. foresight d. testimony
2. He wanted to change career because he wasn’t very satisfied with his .
a. rewards b. earnings c. proceeds d. savings
3. The company told us they no longer needed our services and we were offered 2 months’ .
a. fine b. severance pay c. premonition d. instalments
4. If you keep getting more credit cards, you’ll eventually enormous debts.
a. run up b. run into c. run away d. run out
5. Although I had hoped to finish the project today, it seems that it is . I definitely need more time.
a. impossible b. optimistic c. forceful d. incapable
6. The building company worked in with local councillors to design new urban areas.
a. limitation b. application c. collaboration d. provision
7. If I had not been given medication by my doctor, the pain in my leg following the accident would have been .
a. accessible b. insignificant c. unbearable d. outstanding
8. Jack overslept and he was in a crazy not to be late for work this morning.
a. rush b. claim c. attempt d. stress
9. The conference of the National Association of Foreign Language Teachers will be held in Dallas next year.
a. insignificant b. desirable c. approachable d. annual
10. After winning a high-profile case, Hassan has a reputation for being an excellent lawyer.
a. acquired b. dispelled c. convinced d. adjusted
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
1. We our living room this past month and the house is a mess.
a. redecorate b. have been redecorating c. are redecorating d. have redecorated
2. How long ? Is it more than ten years?
a. have you been married b. do you marry c. have you married d. are you married
3. my brother for ages. I should give him a call.
a. I haven’t been seeing b. I haven’t seen c. I don’t see d. I’m not seeing
4. My parents of getting a loan to buy a new house, but I don’t think it’s the best time to do that.
a. think b. have thought c. are thinking d. had thought
5. I’m glad I studied French at university. I to communicate with our French clients otherwise.
a. will be able b. am able c. wouldn’t be able d. wasn’t able
6. This hotel is expensive. We shouldn’t have booked a room here.
a. far b. rather c. much d. a lot
7. my help, don’t hesitate to call me. I’m always here for you.
a. If you ever needed b. Unless you ever need c. Should you ever need d. Would you ever need
8. As a salesperson, Charlie frequently. As a matter of fact he’s abroad for most of the year.
a. has been travelling b. has travelled c. is travelling d. travels
9. If you press that button, this device a strong blue light.
a. would emit b. emits c. emitted d. is emitting
10. The younger a person is, the he is.
a. more immature b. most immature c. immature d. much immature
examination practice
round-up
Units (5-6)
76
C. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between two and eight words including the word given.
1. My sister is in the annoying habit of talking to me at the same time I’m on the phone. always
My sister at the same time I’m on the phone.
2. My nephew has been saving money to buy a new laptop. aside
My nephew to buy a new laptop.
3. We started working on the project last Monday and are still working on it. been
We on the project since last Monday.
4. I usually pay for the things I buy at the time I buy them in cash; I hardly ever use a credit card. front
I usually pay for the things I buy ; I hardly ever use a credit card.
5. I don’t think you will need any help, but if you do, just ask me. should
If , just ask me.
6. James doesn’t have the qualifications required, that’s why he cannot possibly get the job. only
James would get the job required.
7. Let’s compare prices before we decide which laptop to buy. around
How a bit before we decide which laptop to buy?
D. Read the text below and complete the gaps. Use only one word in each gap.
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