Broaden your mind
1.GRAMMAR
A. Read the dialogue. When
did Fred move to the city?
A: How long have you had
this house, Fred?
B: I’ve had it for two years,
since I moved to this city,
actually.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE with for, since, yet, already
B. Read the following dialogue and
complete the rules with the words
in the box.
A: Andy is a reporter from
London and he travels
abroad all the time. He
has already been to the
USA and China, but he
hasn’t been to France yet.
B: Really? Where is he now?
A: He has gone to New York.
He’s coming back next
Tuesday.
for + period of time
e.g. two years, a week, six
months, an hour, five minutes
since + a point in time
e.g. Sunday, yesterday, two
o’clock, last May, last week
Use in affirmative sentences
and put it between have/has and the past
participle.
Use in questions and
negative sentences and put it at the end of
the sentence.
Use have/has to a place when
someone is still at that place.
Use have/has to a place when
someone has returned from that place.
2.PRACTICE
Complete the dialogues with the Present Perfect Simple
of the verbs below and circle the correct words.
be not return not check tell
call go not see
A. Discuss.
• Have you ever lived abroad?
• Would you like to live abroad? Why?/Why not?
3.LISTENING
1.
Jason What’s wrong, Dan?
Dan Where’s Harry?
Jason He already / yet.
Dan From where? Where is he?
Jason He to the library.
Dan But I need the car. I him so
many times that I need the car on Mondays!
Jason Why don’t you phone him?
Dan I already / yet
him three times, but there’s no answer!
2.
Mike Hey, Sean. I you for / since last
year. When did you return from New York?
Sean In August. Didn’t you get my e-mails?
Mike I my e-mails for / since a month.
Sorry. Anyway, let’s go for coffee and talk about
New York.
Sean OK. you ever
there?
Mike No, but I want to go.
A. Discuss.
• Do you like learning foreign languages?
• Is learning English easy for you?
B. Talk in pairs. Which of the following do you think
help when learning English? Why? Which of these
do you do?
• take a (summer) course in an English-speaking
country
• visit an English-speaking country for some time
• read books/magazines/newspapers in English
• surf the Net
• communicate with people who speak English
4.SPEAKING
been gone already yet
Grammar Reference p. 128
B. Listen to three people talking about living in
a foreign country. Match the people with the
statements a-d. There is one extra statement
which you do not need to use.
Ryan
Jake
Phil
a. has improved his Spanish a lot
recently.
b. took a course, but it didn’t help.
c. wants to improve his Spanish to make
his job easier.
d. is living in Spain to learn the language.
28
5.WRITING AN E-MAIL GIVING NEWS
A. Discuss.
• Do you like writing e-mails to family members
or friends?
• What do you usually write to them about?
• Say hi to everyone.
• Dear Jamie,
• I’m looking forward
to hearing from you.
• Thanks for your
e-mail.
D. Look at the table below with the phrases Fred has used in his e-mail and complete it with the phrases given.
For more set phrases, see page 122
WRITING TASK
E. Imagine a friend has sent you a similar
e-mail. Write an e-mail to reply to him/
her. Say how happy you are that he/
she is coming to your city to study and
give him/her your news. Your e-mail
should be between 80-100 words.
B. Read the e-mail below. Why is Fred writing
to Abdul-Rahman?
Hello Abdul-Rahman,
How are things? Sorry I haven’t written for so long, but I’ve been
very busy with university. However, guess what! I have some
great news.
I am coming to Thuwal for my Master’s. The King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology accepted me! I am looking
forward to it, but I haven’t organised things yet and I’m a bit
stressed. Luckily, some friends in Saudi Arabia are helping me
arrange my accommodation. Anyway, I don’t know exactly when
I’m coming, but I’m looking forward to seeing you again after all
these years.
So, what about you? What have you been up to? Do you still
study hard like you used to?
Well, that’s all for now. Write back soon!
Yours,
Fred
Greetings
Set phrases for
opening paragraph
Set phrases for
closing paragraph
Signature
endings
Hello
Abdul-
Rahman,
How are things?
Sorry I haven’t written
for so long, but...
Well, that’s all
for now.
Write back soon.
Yours,
a. ask for Abdul-Rahman’s news?
b. use set phrases to end his e-mail?
c. give his news?
d. say why he’s writing?
C. Read again and answer the questions.
In which paragraph (1-4) does Fred:
When writing an e-mail giving news:
start with Hi/Hello/Dear + first name.
use set phrases to begin and end your e-mail.
sign off with a set phrase and your first name under this.
organise it into paragraphs as shown above.
use expressions (e.g. well, of course, anyway, you know).
use standard grammar and spelling
conventions. Don’t use forms such as wanna,
CU L8R, etc.
use short forms (e.g. I’m, don’t).
use exclamations (e.g. Guess what!) and direct
questions (e.g. What have you been up to?).
• I’m writing to
tell you about...
• Take care,
• Hi! How have
you been?
• Bye for now,
• I must go now.
B. Complete with the Past Simple or the Past
Progressive of the verbs in brackets.
1.
I (1) (drive) to a friend’s house last night
when, suddenly, a van (2) (crash) into the
back of me. I (3) (get) out of my car, but
the van just (4) (drive) away.
2.
Last night Jim (5) (have) a frightening
experience. While he (6) (walk) home,
he (7) (see) a man dressed in black in his
neighbour’s garden. He (8) (break) into
the house! He immediately (9) (call) the
police and they (10) (catch) him.
A. Choose a, b or c.
1. It took a lot of effort, but in the end we
to carry the bookcase up the stairs.
a. offered b. managed c. reached
2. Salman was very to see his father
at the station.
a. surprise b. surprising c. surprised
3. I can’t drink this coffee. It’s too .
a. salty b. sweet c. spicy
4. Can you this rope with that knife
over there?
a. cut b. bite c. raise
5. Anne was watering the flowers when,
, a bee stung her.
a. amazingly b. fortunately c. all of a sudden
6. When I saw the , I knew a storm
was on its way.
a. lightning b. thunder c. ice
7. You should water this plant more often.
Its are turning yellow.
a. roots b. leaves c. stems
8. Lots of visitors come to this
museum.
a. dizzy b. abroad c. foreign
C. Complete with the Past Simple or the Present
Perfect Simple of the verbs in brackets.
A: Hi Steve!
B: Hi Dave! How’s Rome? (1) you
(visit) the Colosseum yet?
A: Of course. I (2) (go) there on my first
day.
B: (3) you (eat) anything
nice?
A: Are you joking? I (4) (already / try)
lots of things. For lunch today, I (5)
(have) the most amazing pizza. Nothing like the
pizza at home.
B: I know. I (6) (be) to Italy a few times
and the food is just fantastic! (7) you
(try) gnocchi yet?
A: No, I (8) (go) to a restaurant last
night and it (9) (be) on the menu,
but I (10) (not try) it.
B: You should, it’s delicious.
A: OK.
D. Circle the correct words.
1. Roger has just / since come back from the
supermarket. Do you want to talk to him?
2. I’ve already / ever seen this football match. Let’s
watch something else.
3. Sameer has before / never been scuba-diving
before / ago, so he’s really looking forward to it.
4. Have you rang your brother about that job
interview yet / ever?
5. I haven’t spoken to Hamza for / since ten years.
6. Have you before / ever ridden a camel?
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
30
Work in small groups. Make up a story using as many
of the pictures and words/phrases in the box as
possible. Then tell your story to the class.
1. How did Lenny feel on his hiking trip?
a. bored
b. excited
c. frightened
2. What did Bob eat in France?
a. snails
b. frogs’ legs
c. cactus
3. What was Marcus doing when a bee stung him?
a. He was cycling.
b. He was talking on the phone.
c. He was eating.
4. Who has visited a desert before?
a. the grandfather
b. the grandson
c. both
Listen and choose the correct answer a, b or c.
COMMUNICATION
E. Complete with the phrases a-e. There is one extra
phrase which you do not need to use.
a. I’m afraid so.
b. How are things?
c. Can you give me a hand?
d. In other words, you don’t want to help.
e. You can follow the match and help at the
same time.
A: Hello, Gavin. Can I ask you something?
B: Sure.
A: I’m moving house tomorrow afternoon.
(1)
B: Sorry, but there’s a football match I really want
to see.
A: And it’s in the afternoon, right?
B: (2)
A: Why don’t you listen to it on the radio?
(3)
B: Sorry, I’m really looking forward to this match.
A: (4)
B: Don’t be like that. I can come after the match and
help tidy up.
A: OK, thanks.
LISTENING
Now I can...
talk about how I feel
narrate and write a story
use the Past Progressive and time clauses
use the Present Perfect Simple
describe food
write an e-mail giving news
SELF-ASSESSMENT
Read the following and tick the appropriate boxes.
For the points you are unsure of, refer back to the
relevant sections in the module.
SPEAKING
hang
accident
reach
lost
frightened
warning
dangerous
shout
get hurt
below zero
cut
survive
31
Cross-curricular
History
A. Discuss.
• Do you know of any famous explorers?
• What did they discover?
B. Who is Ibn Battuta? Read and find out.
A great explorer
C. Read again and answer the questions.
1. Where was Ibn Battuta from?
2. Why did Ibn Battuta start his travels?
3. How did Ibn Battuta travel?
4. How many years did his travels last?
5. What was the title of Ibn Battuta’s book?
POEM
“Broaden
your mind”
Go to page 124.
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta was born in 1304 in Tangier,
Morocco. He came from a rich family and studied Muslim Law like
his father. Ibn Battuta was an amazing traveller. In his lifetime, he travelled
75,000 miles and visited over 40 countries from West Africa to India.
When he was 21, he left home to go to Makkah on Hajj. His dream was
to visit all the countries of the Muslim world and ‘never, if possible, cover a
road a second time.’ Ibn Battuta travelled on foot, with caravans (because
it was safer than travelling alone), but also on horse, camel or by boat. But
which places did he visit? He started from the Middle-Eastern countries
like Egypt and Syria and then visited Makkah. From there, he went to Iraq,
Persia and East Africa.
Also, he explored the Black Sea area and then travelled to countries like
India, Ceylon, and Spain.
After 29 years of travelling, Ibn Battuta decided to write a book about his
adventures with the help of a young man, Ibn Juzayy. The title of the 1000-
page book was ‘A gift to those who contemplate* the wonders of cities and
the marvels of travelling’, but people also know it as ‘The Journey’ or ‘Rihla’.
Ibn Battuta was a very important and respected man, who is famous
around the world because of his travels and his spirit of adventure.
*think about, consider
32
Do you enjoy visiting new places?
Which place in the world would you
most like to visit?
Discuss:
1.GRAMMAR
A. Read the dialogue. When
did Fred move to the city?
A: How long have you had
this house, Fred?
B: I’ve had it for two years,
since I moved to this city,
actually.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE with for, since, yet, already
B. Read the following dialogue and
complete the rules with the words
in the box.
A: Andy is a reporter from
London and he travels
abroad all the time. He
has already been to the
USA and China, but he
hasn’t been to France yet.
B: Really? Where is he now?
A: He has gone to New York.
He’s coming back next
Tuesday.
for + period of time
e.g. two years, a week, six
months, an hour, five minutes
since + a point in time
e.g. Sunday, yesterday, two
o’clock, last May, last week
Use in affirmative sentences
and put it between have/has and the past
participle.
Use in questions and
negative sentences and put it at the end of
the sentence.
Use have/has to a place when
someone is still at that place.
Use have/has to a place when
someone has returned from that place.
2.PRACTICE
Complete the dialogues with the Present Perfect Simple
of the verbs below and circle the correct words.
be not return not check tell
call go not see
A. Discuss.
• Have you ever lived abroad?
• Would you like to live abroad? Why?/Why not?
3.LISTENING
1.
Jason What’s wrong, Dan?
Dan Where’s Harry?
Jason He already / yet.
Dan From where? Where is he?
Jason He to the library.
Dan But I need the car. I him so
many times that I need the car on Mondays!
Jason Why don’t you phone him?
Dan I already / yet
him three times, but there’s no answer!
2.
Mike Hey, Sean. I you for / since last
year. When did you return from New York?
Sean In August. Didn’t you get my e-mails?
Mike I my e-mails for / since a month.
Sorry. Anyway, let’s go for coffee and talk about
New York.
Sean OK. you ever
there?
Mike No, but I want to go.
A. Discuss.
• Do you like learning foreign languages?
• Is learning English easy for you?
B. Talk in pairs. Which of the following do you think
help when learning English? Why? Which of these
do you do?
• take a (summer) course in an English-speaking
country
• visit an English-speaking country for some time
• read books/magazines/newspapers in English
• surf the Net
• communicate with people who speak English
4.SPEAKING
been gone already yet
Grammar Reference p. 128
B. Listen to three people talking about living in
a foreign country. Match the people with the
statements a-d. There is one extra statement
which you do not need to use.
Ryan
Jake
Phil
a. has improved his Spanish a lot
recently.
b. took a course, but it didn’t help.
c. wants to improve his Spanish to make
his job easier.
d. is living in Spain to learn the language.
28
5.WRITING AN E-MAIL GIVING NEWS
A. Discuss.
• Do you like writing e-mails to family members
or friends?
• What do you usually write to them about?
• Say hi to everyone.
• Dear Jamie,
• I’m looking forward
to hearing from you.
• Thanks for your
e-mail.
D. Look at the table below with the phrases Fred has used in his e-mail and complete it with the phrases given.
For more set phrases, see page 122
WRITING TASK
E. Imagine a friend has sent you a similar
e-mail. Write an e-mail to reply to him/
her. Say how happy you are that he/
she is coming to your city to study and
give him/her your news. Your e-mail
should be between 80-100 words.
B. Read the e-mail below. Why is Fred writing
to Abdul-Rahman?
Hello Abdul-Rahman,
How are things? Sorry I haven’t written for so long, but I’ve been
very busy with university. However, guess what! I have some
great news.
I am coming to Thuwal for my Master’s. The King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology accepted me! I am looking
forward to it, but I haven’t organised things yet and I’m a bit
stressed. Luckily, some friends in Saudi Arabia are helping me
arrange my accommodation. Anyway, I don’t know exactly when
I’m coming, but I’m looking forward to seeing you again after all
these years.
So, what about you? What have you been up to? Do you still
study hard like you used to?
Well, that’s all for now. Write back soon!
Yours,
Fred
Greetings
Set phrases for
opening paragraph
Set phrases for
closing paragraph
Signature
endings
Hello
Abdul-
Rahman,
How are things?
Sorry I haven’t written
for so long, but...
Well, that’s all
for now.
Write back soon.
Yours,
a. ask for Abdul-Rahman’s news?
b. use set phrases to end his e-mail?
c. give his news?
d. say why he’s writing?
C. Read again and answer the questions.
In which paragraph (1-4) does Fred:
When writing an e-mail giving news:
start with Hi/Hello/Dear + first name.
use set phrases to begin and end your e-mail.
sign off with a set phrase and your first name under this.
organise it into paragraphs as shown above.
use expressions (e.g. well, of course, anyway, you know).
use standard grammar and spelling
conventions. Don’t use forms such as wanna,
CU L8R, etc.
use short forms (e.g. I’m, don’t).
use exclamations (e.g. Guess what!) and direct
questions (e.g. What have you been up to?).
• I’m writing to
tell you about...
• Take care,
• Hi! How have
you been?
• Bye for now,
• I must go now.
B. Complete with the Past Simple or the Past
Progressive of the verbs in brackets.
1.
I (1) (drive) to a friend’s house last night
when, suddenly, a van (2) (crash) into the
back of me. I (3) (get) out of my car, but
the van just (4) (drive) away.
2.
Last night Jim (5) (have) a frightening
experience. While he (6) (walk) home,
he (7) (see) a man dressed in black in his
neighbour’s garden. He (8) (break) into
the house! He immediately (9) (call) the
police and they (10) (catch) him.
A. Choose a, b or c.
1. It took a lot of effort, but in the end we
to carry the bookcase up the stairs.
a. offered b. managed c. reached
2. Salman was very to see his father
at the station.
a. surprise b. surprising c. surprised
3. I can’t drink this coffee. It’s too .
a. salty b. sweet c. spicy
4. Can you this rope with that knife
over there?
a. cut b. bite c. raise
5. Anne was watering the flowers when,
, a bee stung her.
a. amazingly b. fortunately c. all of a sudden
6. When I saw the , I knew a storm
was on its way.
a. lightning b. thunder c. ice
7. You should water this plant more often.
Its are turning yellow.
a. roots b. leaves c. stems
8. Lots of visitors come to this
museum.
a. dizzy b. abroad c. foreign
C. Complete with the Past Simple or the Present
Perfect Simple of the verbs in brackets.
A: Hi Steve!
B: Hi Dave! How’s Rome? (1) you
(visit) the Colosseum yet?
A: Of course. I (2) (go) there on my first
day.
B: (3) you (eat) anything
nice?
A: Are you joking? I (4) (already / try)
lots of things. For lunch today, I (5)
(have) the most amazing pizza. Nothing like the
pizza at home.
B: I know. I (6) (be) to Italy a few times
and the food is just fantastic! (7) you
(try) gnocchi yet?
A: No, I (8) (go) to a restaurant last
night and it (9) (be) on the menu,
but I (10) (not try) it.
B: You should, it’s delicious.
A: OK.
D. Circle the correct words.
1. Roger has just / since come back from the
supermarket. Do you want to talk to him?
2. I’ve already / ever seen this football match. Let’s
watch something else.
3. Sameer has before / never been scuba-diving
before / ago, so he’s really looking forward to it.
4. Have you rang your brother about that job
interview yet / ever?
5. I haven’t spoken to Hamza for / since ten years.
6. Have you before / ever ridden a camel?
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
30
Work in small groups. Make up a story using as many
of the pictures and words/phrases in the box as
possible. Then tell your story to the class.
1. How did Lenny feel on his hiking trip?
a. bored
b. excited
c. frightened
2. What did Bob eat in France?
a. snails
b. frogs’ legs
c. cactus
3. What was Marcus doing when a bee stung him?
a. He was cycling.
b. He was talking on the phone.
c. He was eating.
4. Who has visited a desert before?
a. the grandfather
b. the grandson
c. both
Listen and choose the correct answer a, b or c.
COMMUNICATION
E. Complete with the phrases a-e. There is one extra
phrase which you do not need to use.
a. I’m afraid so.
b. How are things?
c. Can you give me a hand?
d. In other words, you don’t want to help.
e. You can follow the match and help at the
same time.
A: Hello, Gavin. Can I ask you something?
B: Sure.
A: I’m moving house tomorrow afternoon.
(1)
B: Sorry, but there’s a football match I really want
to see.
A: And it’s in the afternoon, right?
B: (2)
A: Why don’t you listen to it on the radio?
(3)
B: Sorry, I’m really looking forward to this match.
A: (4)
B: Don’t be like that. I can come after the match and
help tidy up.
A: OK, thanks.
LISTENING
Now I can...
talk about how I feel
narrate and write a story
use the Past Progressive and time clauses
use the Present Perfect Simple
describe food
write an e-mail giving news
SELF-ASSESSMENT
Read the following and tick the appropriate boxes.
For the points you are unsure of, refer back to the
relevant sections in the module.
SPEAKING
hang
accident
reach
lost
frightened
warning
dangerous
shout
get hurt
below zero
cut
survive
31
Cross-curricular
History
A. Discuss.
• Do you know of any famous explorers?
• What did they discover?
B. Who is Ibn Battuta? Read and find out.
A great explorer
C. Read again and answer the questions.
1. Where was Ibn Battuta from?
2. Why did Ibn Battuta start his travels?
3. How did Ibn Battuta travel?
4. How many years did his travels last?
5. What was the title of Ibn Battuta’s book?
POEM
“Broaden
your mind”
Go to page 124.
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta was born in 1304 in Tangier,
Morocco. He came from a rich family and studied Muslim Law like
his father. Ibn Battuta was an amazing traveller. In his lifetime, he travelled
75,000 miles and visited over 40 countries from West Africa to India.
When he was 21, he left home to go to Makkah on Hajj. His dream was
to visit all the countries of the Muslim world and ‘never, if possible, cover a
road a second time.’ Ibn Battuta travelled on foot, with caravans (because
it was safer than travelling alone), but also on horse, camel or by boat. But
which places did he visit? He started from the Middle-Eastern countries
like Egypt and Syria and then visited Makkah. From there, he went to Iraq,
Persia and East Africa.
Also, he explored the Black Sea area and then travelled to countries like
India, Ceylon, and Spain.
After 29 years of travelling, Ibn Battuta decided to write a book about his
adventures with the help of a young man, Ibn Juzayy. The title of the 1000-
page book was ‘A gift to those who contemplate* the wonders of cities and
the marvels of travelling’, but people also know it as ‘The Journey’ or ‘Rihla’.
Ibn Battuta was a very important and respected man, who is famous
around the world because of his travels and his spirit of adventure.
*think about, consider
32
Do you enjoy visiting new places?
Which place in the world would you
most like to visit?
Discuss:
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