تعبير بالانجليزي
عن. تقرير جاهز عن. عندي بحث بالانجليزي
الجغرافيا في سلطنة عمان اهمية موقع عمان الجغرافي مساحة سواحل سلطنة عمان
معلومات عن دولة سلطنة عمان المسطحات المائية في عمان التضاريس في سلطنة عمان
الجغرافيا الطبيعية لسلطنة عمان معلومات عن جغرافية سلطنة عمان
Oman Geography
The Sultanate of Oman is located in the
southeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, a region that the Romans named
Arabia Deserta as opposed to Arabia Felix, the happy and green Arabia of
Dhofar, on the borders of Yemen.
These areas have always been the natural
habitat of Bedouins grouped into nomadic tribes who gave no importance to
territorial boundaries. The map of this part of the world was little changed in
the nineteenth century. At the time, the protectorates of the colonial powers
were more likely to establish themselves on strategic points than to define the
contours of an arid hinterland.
But a century later, the oil bonanza
revives ancestral conflicts for the control of lands with potential reserves in
their basement. This no man's land, long known as Aden, finally founds, around
the 1950s, the line under which we see it today.
Oman is the 3rd largest country in the
peninsula after Saudi Arabia and Yemen, differentiating itself from the Gulf
emirates not only by its size, but also by its southern location and its
openness to the ocean.
In addition, its deserts and mountains
act as natural barriers cutting a rough topography, but of unheard-of beauty.
The huge belt of sand that forms the desert of Roub al-Khali, the "empty
quarter", cuts an imprecise border, but quite natural with the South of
Saudi Arabia.
Two mountain ranges bordered by two flat
coastal strips separate it from its other neighbors: one to the north,
stretching from Muscat - the capital - to the border with the United Arab
Emirates, and the other to the south around the city from Salalah, close to
Yemen.
The variety of landscapes, as well as
deposits of copper, gypsum, marble and, even more rarely, green rocks called
ophiolites, attract the attention of geologists and lovers of open spaces in
search of a unique mineral environment in the world.
The regions of Oman
It is not easy to divide the sultanate by
region, because often the local tradition and the political division (due to
disputes and land claims) merge with the fuzzy contours of the topography. The
country is made up of 6 regions directly administered by the government and 2
provinces (Dhofar and Moussandam) administered by a regional government.
These two regions have cultural and
natural particularities: isolation and strategic positioning for the Musandam
Peninsula; monsoons, humid climate and Yemeni traditions for the Dhofar. Arabic
toponymy is noted in the rest of the regions distinguishing the capital (Muscat
means "point of fall"), the center (Al-Wousta), the east (Charqiyah)
and the interior (Dakhiliyah).
In addition, the bodily metaphor is used
to illustrate the location of the fertile plain of the Bâtinah (belly) which
leans on the mountainous area of the Dhahirah (the back).
The present settlement, concentrated on
the northern coastal cities to the detriment of the interior plateaus, makes
the Omani Sultanate a country firmly turned towards the Gulf. The village
communities in the interior, grouped around oases and falaj (irrigation canals)
form independent entities nonetheless united in the sharing of water resources.
From north to south, this state presents
a contrasting relief composed of shredded or sandy coasts, mountains, plains
and dunes. The current demography of Oman shows a concentration in two
geographically distinct parts: the North and the Dhofar (the South in Arabic).
These two regions are separated by a vast
expanse of 800 km long, where we find in turn the desert proper (Roub
al-Khali), the sebkha (saltwater lake of Oum Al-Samin), hamadas (the rocky
plateaus of Jiddat el-Harassis) and dunes (the sands of Wahiba).
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