تعبير تقرير
برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزي كتابة
انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة
مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان
تعبير عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب
information about معلومات عن جمهورية دولة
ترجمة و معنى جيبوتي بالإنجليزي عاصمة هل جيبوتي دولة عربية
تاجورة جيبوتي تكاليف المعيشه في جيبوتي نساء جيبوتي إسماعيل عمر جيله
السياحة في جيبوتي
The Republic of Djibouti is a small state
located on the Horn of Africa. France has a very close relationship with
France, becoming independent in 1977; Djibouti was formerly called French Coast
of Somalis and French territory of the Afars and Issas.
• Key figures:
Area: 23,000 km2
Number of inhabitants: 873 000 (estimate
for 2013)
Name of inhabitants: Djiboutians
Ethnicity: Afars and Issas
Capital: Djibouti
Official languages: Arabic and French
Currency: Djibouti franc
IDH: 0.430 / 1
IDH (world rank): 154/187
Nature of the state: republic with
presidential regime
Constitution:
Adoption:
September 4, 1992
Executive :
President of the Republic: Ismaïl Omar
Guelleh
Designation method: election by direct
universal suffrage
Term of office: 6 years, renewable once
Legislative:
House of Representatives
Number of members: 65
The government is not responsible to the
Chamber of Deputies.
• Introduction:
Despite difficult climatic conditions and
little mineral wealth in the soil, Djibouti is at the heart of all desires.
Indeed, it is located in an exceptional geostrategic area, located in the Horn
of Africa at the heart of three continents and near the capitals of the Middle
East. It plays a key role in international geopolitical management. It is for
these reasons that the American, French and Japanese armies are present on this
small territory filled with tactical assets.
the Republic of Djibouti are very
important. Indeed, President Ismail Omar Guelleh is often compared to a
dictator with full power. He even modified the constitution so he could run for
a third consecutive term. He has been in power in his country since 1999. The
opposition party is almost non-existent, as the main actors are mostly in exile
or imprisoned. During the Arab Spring, young Djiboutians tried to make their
voices heard, but they were violently repressed. Strong tensions are felt in
this country where the poverty line is very high (50% to 60% of the population
lives below the poverty line according to Unicef), and the elites close to the
very rich power. A growing disparity between the big fortunes and the needy
appears more and more in the eyes of the population who is exasperated. There
is therefore food insecurity for a majority of the population that could lead
to serious riots as in the 80s. The unemployment rate reaches highs in the
world rankings (nearly 60% of assets, in the official version of the government
). The low level of education reflects these important inequalities.
On the other hand, tensions can also come
from religions. Neighboring Saudi Arabia regularly sends money to the Djibouti
government to refurbish mosques and Islamize the population. Despite a common
religion (Sunni Muslim), too great differences exist between the two main human
groups, the Afars (present mainly in the North and West) and the Issas
(population living in the South), now the majority. The antagonisms between these
two peoples still regularly threaten the unity of the country.
Djibouti is also very sensitive by nature
to the regional situation, which is often turbulent. External civil wars
(Somalia, Ethiopia) affected the country with the arrival of thousands of refugees;
France had to intervene to support and maintain order. The strong presence of
al-Qaeda in these neighboring countries makes Djibouti an important monitoring
center.
Today, Djibouti is also concerned by
international difficulties in the face of piracy. Indeed, the country is at the
heart of Western strategy against maritime piracy off the coast of Somalia in
the Gulf of Aden, which allows Djibouti to play a central role in the naval
system put in place by the EU. NATO, as well as several national navies. It is
about monitoring one of the world's busiest and most important shipping lanes
in the face of growing and determined Somali pirates.
Economic risks are strongly linked with
political risks in this state. Indeed, the president has a relative control
over all powers, be they executive, legislative, media ... In addition, he
installed an authoritarian power by assigning most of the important positions
of the administration to his relatives. Corruption is becoming ubiquitous. This
situation results in a very poor governance and business environment. The main
revenues are the port activity and the French and American military bases,
which pay high rents (we are talking about 30 million euros for just the French
base). These levers of growth have been modernized to ensure a minimum of
economic stability to this state. It is thanks to the support of Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) from the Gulf countries such as Dubai that the expansions have
been made in the port of Djibouti. But it still retains too much dependence on
Ethiopia, since most of the activity is based on the economy of its neighbor
landlocked. 90% of the goods to or from the market of 71 million Ethiopians
pass through this port.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
provided aid of 10 million euros (1% of Djibouti's GDP), and was very pleased
with the progress made by this support, as the microeconomic stability was
consolidated. last years. GDP growth has risen steadily, standing at almost 5%.
The dynamics of economic growth will continue to be driven by transport, port
activities, telecommunications, banking and construction. However, Djibouti is
very dependent on its tertiary sector, that of services, which represents more
than 80% of its GDP. Industry and agriculture remain in an embryonic state,
hampered by many handicaps. Given the limited resources available in this
country, the trade balance is very largely in deficit.
Djibouti is a state as big as the region
of Lorraine in France. The weather conditions are very unfavorable. Indeed, it
is a desert and arid region, most of the year with a stifling and humid heat.
Rain showers are very rare. In 2012, the country suffered a severe drought that
had a significant impact on the poor. As the soil does not contain any
exploitable natural resources for the moment, Djibouti is very dependent on its
energy imports. Natural conditions are therefore not very favorable to rural
productions. Some nomadic tribes still exist and live from cattle breeding. But
four-fifths of the country's inhabitants live in the capital, Djibouti.
Conclusion
This country risk analysis of the
Republic of Djibouti shows us that the situation is tense, for different
reasons. The capital Djibouti continues to grow thanks to the help of foreign
investment and the presence of international companies, while the rest of the
country remains at an archaic level of development. The Arab revolutions have
failed to reach this country in which democracy is not yet relevant. However,
the government has very large economic ambitions, using the modernization of
its port and the lure of financial companies. Thanks to diplomatic relations
between France and Djibouti maintained for many years, the French army
continues to deploy a strategic base for the control of Africa and the Middle
East. Between the desires of their neighbor of Saudi Arabia and those of their
American rivals, Djibouti is at the center of the geopolitical strategies of
the main nations. This country has been surrounded by powerful allies around
the globe. The instability of neighboring countries should not affect the
privileged position of this territory in the heart of a region that influences
the international context. This small tributary of adverse climatic conditions
has become a hub of global geostrategy and will continue to have an important
role to play in future political issues.
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