معلومات عن افغانستان بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي  كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان تعبير عن بلادي اسم كلمة معنى كيف تكتب

information about  معلومات عن جمهورية دولة  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة في جيبوتي

معلومات عن افغانستان بالانجليزي افغانستان طالبان

كابول  الحكم الإسلامي

afghani

الشيعة في افغانستان

information about afghanistan in english

طالبان كابل

afghanistan war

Capital: Kabul

- Form of State: Islamic Republic

- Languages: Pachto and Dari

- Ethnic groups: 4 major ethnic groups: Pashtuns (38%), Tajiks (25%), Hazaras (19%), Uzbeks (6%).

- The currency: Afghanistan Afghani (AFN)

- HDI: 0.398

- Demographics: 29,824,536 inhabitants or 45 / km2

A political risk assessment based on:

- Stability of government and institutions:

Afghanistan is now led by President Hamid Karzai whose country management is increasingly contested.

The National Assembly is bicameral:

-the upper chamber, the Senate composed of 102 members (2/3 elected by the provincial councils and 1/3 by the president)

-the lower house, the people's chamber made up of the 249 members elected by the Afghan people:

- The socio-economic conditions:

-High unemployment rate: 35%

Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world, where people are facing unemployment, poor sanitation, weak basic infrastructure (health, water, electricity) and insecurity.

The high level of corruption in Afghanistan is a major socio-economic issue.

- Internal conflicts:

Resistance to power in place is progressively organized inside and outside the

country, the Soviet invasion generalizes it and extends from the Pakistani territory

becomes a land of refuge and asylum for more than three million Afghan refugees, but also

for the seven resistance movements, united in the fight against the invader and their protégés,

but widely divided among them for other reasons sometimes similar to those that divide

communists: tribal, ethnic, linguistic, religious cleavages, the thirst for power and its

favors and advantages that one wants to monopolize, etc. Like Pakistan, Iran is asking for

the withdrawal of foreign forces from Afghanistan, intervenes politically and economically

and fiercely defends the over-represented Shiite minority. In a lesser

Russia and the Central Asian countries are not indifferent, either, to the situation of

Afghanistan.

- External conflicts and neighboring countries entailing a potential risk:

Afghanistan is geographically limited by Iran to the west, Pakistan to the south and east and Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan to the north. Afghanistan is therefore located in a region of increased instability, be it political, human, military or security. The multitude of internal and external conflicts makes Afghanistan a risk area

- The level of corruption:

Afghanistan is among the most corrupt countries in the world with a perception index of corruption equal to 1, 4/10. More than half of Afghans admit to paying a bribe last year, the total bill would be $ 3.9 billion.

- Security conditions in the country linked to crime and terrorism:

Crime is present in various forms in Afghanistan, contract of assassination, corruption, kidnapping, drug trafficking.

Terrorism is also raging, especially since the presence of military trope in the country, with attacks killing thousands of civilians.

These two factors make this country one of the most dangerous in the world.

An assessment of economic and financial risks based on:

In 2012, growth fell to 5.2%, compared to 9% on average over the last decade. For the coming years, it should fall further according to the World Bank. Major construction projects financed by international donors and household consumption are the main factors driving growth. Predictions of lower growth will only increase the country's deficit. However, growth could be higher if we take into account illicit poppy production, which accounts for 90% of world production. The poor state of infrastructure, military tensions, a weak regulatory framework and the high level of corruption remain the main obstacles to the country's economic development.

The country with the help of its donors (World Bank, IMF and Cercle de Paris) wants to focus on a more sustainable public finance system. Concerns exist in the context of the departure of NATO troops, scheduled for 2014. In 2012, the national currency has declined by 10% against the dollar and the expected decline in international aid will be difficult to offset. . In 2011 international aid had been exceptionally high. In order to avoid a collapse of the economy and the regime in place, international donors have decided to provide annual aid of $ 7.6 billion until 2015. In addition, there are doubts about the capacity of the government. regime to ensure good governance.

-the media:

In 2013, Reporters Without Borders ranked Afghanistan's media environment 128th out of 179. The country jumped 22 places over the previous year, mainly because no journalist was imprisoned. . Journalists in the country operate in one of the most complex and controversial IT environments in the world. At times the boundaries between propaganda and journalism are unclear, and some journalists covering Taliban activities have been accused of treason or arrested, while others have been kidnapped, beaten or harassed by Taliban insurgents.

-Non-governmental organizations :

Many NGOs are present in Afghanistan, most of them helping with health or architecture or respect for human rights. (Red Cross, Architect Foundation, International Disability, Doctors of the World, ...)