تعبير معلومات
تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز عن
تعبير بالانجليزي
عن. تقرير جاهز عن. عندي بحث بالانجليزي
الثقافة
العادات التقاليد في ايران بالانجليزي
تعبير بالانجليزي عن العادات والتقاليد
عادات وتقاليد المجتمع الانجليزي
عادات وتقاليد باللغه الانجليزيه
عادات المجتمع الشعب صفات
الشعب الانجليزي
العادات والتقاليد في الفن السينما المعمار الحضارة الايرانية
Architecture
Persian architecture
is closer to that found in Central Asia and India than to other Muslim
countries.
The structure of the
buildings is refined, the ornamentation is very rich. They are covered with
multicolored ceramics representing flowers or calligraphy. Blue dominates, and
the domes seem to melt into the sky. There are always a number of recurring
elements, such as a courtyard, arcades, iwans (vaulted rooms open on the
courtyard).
The latter is also
found in mosques, where the entrance iwan is surmounted by a dome. Inside, one
of the iwans includes a mirhab, that is, a niche oriented towards Mecca. The
portal of the mosque, often imposing, is called Pishtaq.
The cities of the
ancient Silk Road are also home to caravanserais, the oldest of which date back
to the Seljuks, some of which are now converted into hotels, such as the Abassi
Hotel in Isfahan.
It is poetry that
dominates literature. The Iranians devote a real cult to classical poets,
ardent defenders of Persian culture. Many of the streets or settlements refer
to Ferdosi, Omar Khayyam, or the two great personalities from the city of
Shiraz, Saadi and Hafez, whose mausoleums are true pilgrimage sites. Many poems
are related to religion, intellectuals converted to Islam after the Arab
conquest.
Among the major
works are Shah-namah (the book of kings) in which Ferdosi (10th century)
recounts the heroic deeds of kings until the Arab conquest, Golestan (Garden of
roses) and Bustan (the orchard), collection of verses and prose from Saadi
(13th century), or Divan e-Hafez, 500 ghazals (love songs) from the great Hafez
(14th century), whose name means "he who knows the Koran".
Painting
Persian painting
dates back to the Seljuk period (11th to 13th century), it begins to appear in
the Koran, then spreads to other books during Monghol rule (13-14th century).
Three painters
excelled in this field: Mir Sayyid Ali, Kamaleddin Behzadand and Mihr 'Ali,
laying the foundation for Persian painting.
The art of Kufic
calligraphy, imported from the Arabian Peninsula, is widely used, especially on
religious buildings.
craft
The carpets have
held the upper hand for millennia: it is said that the tomb of Cyrus the great
at Pasagardae was covered with luxurious carpets.
Even today, the
upholsterers manufacture them by hand in Hamadan, Na'in, Kashan, Tabriz,
Teheran, Shiraz, Yazd, Mashhad or Qom ... Each city has its specificity and its
motives.
The rugs are not
mere decorative elements, they are also an outward sign of wealth (some are
entirely in silk) and are used for prayer. An ordinary carpet has 30 knots per
square centimeter. From 50 knots, they will be better and more resistant.
Other forms of
craftsmanship are equally captivating, such as bedspreads or other textiles
printed with blocks of tampons (qalam qar), a know-how from Isfahan, or
marquetry (khatam) that is developed in Safavid courtyards to adorn small
boxes, accompanied by paintings, or miniature frames, which often tell the
story of the court's adventures.
Music
Although officially
banned, modern standards are introduced via the satellite and the Internet and
circulate widely under the mantle. We even saw on the internet young Iranians
brave censorship and make a remake of the video of Happy Pharell Williams.
Traditional music is
totally "islamically correct"! It is often a poem accompanied by
instruments such as tar (cousin of the Indian sitar), dahol and zarb
(percussion), kamancheh (violin) and daf and daryereh (tambourines).
Cinema
The auteur cinema
has shed light on modern Iranian society, its favorite theme being the daily
lives of Iranians, often highlighting the schizophrenia of the system, which
attracts filmmakers and comedians the wrath of local authorities.
We remember that in
2014, the kiss of Gilles Jacob, president of the Cannes Film Festival, and
Leila Hatami, the heroine of Une séparation and jury member, earned the actress
severe criticism from the government.
Often rewarded in
international competitions, Jafar Panahi, Abbas Kiarostami, Mohsen and Samira
Makhmalbaf have little echo in their own country.
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