تعبير عن ايران بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزي

كتابة انشاء عبارات حكم اقوال تعبير بالانجليزي عن. تقرير جاهز سها بسيط قطعة معلومات بسطية نبذة

 ايران بالانجليزي ايراني بالانجليزي معنى كلمة ايران باللغة العربية

فارسي بالانجليزي موضوع تعبير عن ايران معنى كلمة ايران باللغة العربية هي ارض فارس

I / Introduction

Iran, or more precisely, the Islamic Republic of Iran is, as its name suggests, a theocratic republic through which legislation is largely dictated by or at least in accordance with Muslim law. Before the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the departure of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iran was a pro-Western authoritarian constitutional monarchy. Its capital is Tehran, and has 10,400,000 inhabitants. The Iranian state is geographically located in the Middle East (or in West Asia according to the point of view) and covers an area of ​​1,648,195 km2. It has land borders with I rak, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan,

Afghanistan and Pakistan. It also shares maritime borders with Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. The official language of Iran is Persian (or Farsi) but not all Iranians speak Persian as a family. In this multiethnic space, we find about 18% of the population that speaks a Turkish language or 10% of the population who also speaks Kurdish. In 2014, the number of Iranians was estimated at 80,840,713 with about 61% of Persians, 16% of Azerbaijanis, 10% of Kurds, 7% of gilakis and mazandérans, 2% of Arabs and 4% of others. ethnic belonging. 98% of the population is Muslim and 89% of the population is Muslim Shiite which makes it the great specificity of Iran.

In 2013, 72% of Iran's population is urban. The official currency of Iran is the rial; 1 euro equals 31, 764 IR (May 2015). Iran has a Human Development Index (HDI) * which has increased significantly since the 1980s (0.443 in 1980 and 0.749 in 2013) but has been stagnating since the mid-2000s. Its HDI in 2012 was 0.742, which places the Republic above the world average (0.694) and below the French HDI (0.884 in 2013) and is roughly equivalent to the index of France in 1985. Being Iranian in 2014 we can hope to live up to at 70.89 years old. 85% of the population is literate. Iran has a very old and very rich national culture unlike the other relatively young states of the region.

According to the constitution of Iran, the economic system of the Islamic Republic is based on 3 sectors:

• the public sector, which includes all the major basic industries, the

foreign trade, mining, banking, insurance, energy, dams and aqueducts, radio and television, post office, telegraph and telephone, aviation, shipping lines, roads and railroads.

• the cooperative sector, which includes cooperative production and distribution companies and establishments created in accordance with Islamic principles.

• The private sector, which includes agriculture, livestock, industry, trade and complementary services to the other two sectors.

The oil sector:

Iran is OPEC's second largest oil producer and holds 10% of the world's confirmed oil reserves. It also has the second largest reserves of natural gas (after Russia) with a reserve of 29.61 billion cubic meters (as of January 1, 2011). Iran's oil production peaks in 1974 at 6.1 million barrels a day.

In 2011, Iran exported 2 million barrels a day. In September 2012, following Western economic sanctions, the volume rose to 800,000 barrels a day.

The transport sector:

Iran assembled 1,051,430 vehicles in 2008, a volume of cars at 89.5%, ranking the country 16th in terms of production after Turkey, but ahead of Italy9. The Iranian market is estimated at 1.3 million vehicles10. However, Iran's auto production dropped sharply in 2009, downgrading to 18th worldwide, to 752,310 vehicles: this marks a drop of 28.54% compared to 2008, while world production fell by 13.5% .

The agriculture sector:

Agriculture remains one of the sectors employing the largest number of people, with 22% of the labor force according to the 1991 census. The droughts of 2007 and 2008 caused a collapse of agricultural production and forced Iran to purchase 1.18 million tonnes of wheat in the United States, deliverable between 2008 and 2009.

The Iranian economy is historically based on strong state involvement in developing five-year plans and tight control over energy industries (mainly oil and gas) as well as large corporations. The heart of its economy revolves around oil revenues. The international sanctions against Iran, which targets in particular this sector (plus exports, transport and the financial sector) have finally proved very effective since the Persian economy is now in a critical situation.

Figures :

In 2014 Iran's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was $ 402.7 billion. In

forecast for 2019 Iran would have a GDP of $ 1,855 billion and would be ranked 19th in the world.

The Islamic Republic posted growth of 1.5% in 2014 and this could have risen again in 2015 (2.2% growth according to the IMF).

GDP per capita increased slightly compared to 2013 and reached USD 5.165 in 2014 (USD 5.284 in forecast for 2015).

Inflation when it dropped significantly from around 40% to 20% in 2014. The debt of the State (in% of GDP) remains stable (11.3% in 2013 and 11.2% in 2014 ).

The unemployment rate (in% of the labor force) increased by 1.2% compared to 2013 (from 10.4% to 11.6%). The budget balance (in% and GDP) decreased to -2.1% in 2014 (compared to -0.9% in 2013). The current account balance (as a% of GDP) also plummeted from 7.5% in 2013 to -4.2% in 2014.

Public debt remains steady at around 11%.

The Iranian currency is the RIAL. In February 2015, the exchange rate of the dollar is 34,000 rials, and 1 euro equals 39,000 rials. The rial continues to decline since the application, a year ago, of US and European sanctions against Iran, suspected of preparing a military nuclear program (end of 2011, it took 12,000 rials for a dollar).