موضوع عن جنوب افريقيا بالانجليزي

تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  انشاء عبارات سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي كلمة رحلة مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر  ابتدائي جمل  سهل وقصير معالم  موقع  تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع  ابراج خمس جمل قديما  أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location  my country uae كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية قوانين موقع  الوطن عادات وتقاليد بحث علمي

With a GDP of USD 294 billion (62% of Southern Africa's GDP, 21% of sub-Saharan Africa's GDP), South Africa, the only BRICS and G20 member country in Africa, is the third largest economy in the world. continent behind Nigeria and Egypt. However, in terms of per capita wealth, South Africa (USD 5,261 / head - Southern Africa's second largest behind Botswana) is ahead of both countries.

However, while significant progress has been made since the end of Apartheid, particularly in terms of reducing extreme poverty (from 11.5% in 1994 to 5% now), access to electricity (accessible for 83% of households) or housing (79.4% of households now reside in permanent houses), the country still suffers from major social distortions (unemployment rate of 27.7% of the active population in Q1 2017, the highest since 2003, Gini index of 0.6 higher than it was at the end of Apartheid).

The country has many forces that make it an emerging economy of the first importance: the most modern and diversified economy of Africa, wide openness for exports, political stability and reliability of institutions including judicial, wealth in natural resources, quality of infrastructure, progression of the middle class, financial sophistication (11th and in front of France on this criterion in the ranking of the World Economic Forum). However, the political will to accelerate the country's transformation towards a more equitable distribution of economic wealth tends to tighten the regulations governing investments, which weighs on the quality of the business environment. To this constraint are added other structural difficulties: shortage of skilled labor, volatility of the rand, difficulty of governance and corruption (64th country in the world according to Transparency International), presence of barriers to entry. Investment needs are important but their achievement is hampered by low incomes (savings rate of 16.2% of GDP). Although several projects have emerged in recent years, particularly in the production of electricity (mega-coal-fired power stations, renewable energies), the investment effort should be increased to 25% of GDP in the medium term (against 19 % today) to allow for higher growth.

Despite the rapid emergence of a powerful service sector, especially financial (21% of GDP - the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the 1st continent and the 17th capitalization in the world), the economy remains highly dependent on the mining sector (7% GDP, gold, platinum, diamond, ferro-chrome, coal ...), which still accounts for half of export earnings.

Since the end of apartheid, average growth has returned to positive but has tended to slow markedly since 2012. At the weakest since the recession of 2009, GDP growth was only 0.3% only last year and remain sluggish in 2017 (0.5% according to the Central Bank and 1.2% in 2018) given the contraction of GDP recorded in the first quarter and a second a priori modest according to the available economic indicators . The situation of the primary sector, which is struggling in 2016 due to drought (agriculture) and weak commodity prices (mining), should normalize this year and pull growth upwards. Conversely, the secondary and tertiary sectors, traditional engines of growth, are expected to slow as domestic and private demand decline. Domestic-oriented firms are likely to suffer the consequences of lack of confidence among economic agents, persistently high borrowing costs and fiscal consolidation measures. For their part, export-oriented firms would benefit from the recovery of external demand at the global level. The weakness of the growth outlook is particularly worrying given the state of public finances, the sovereign rating and the extent of the socio-economic challenges.