MANAGE YOUR FINANCES
1 SAVE SAVE SAVE
Begin to save money today, don’t leave it for
tomorrow or next week. Start now and you will enjoy
the rewards in the future. The simplest way to save is
to spend less. Think about what you really need and
not just what you really want. Even when you are
buying groceries, write a list first and buy only what’s
on your list... you will be amazed at the savings you
can make! Don’t keep the bulk of your money in a
drawer, set up a savings account. Also, think about a
pension plan, even if you are still young. The later you
leave it the more difficult it will be.
Money may not be the answer to happiness, but it is
certainly one of the most important ingredients for
a more comfortable and less stressful life. Whether
you have a smaller annual income or a better one,
you can avoid countless difficulties if you learn to
manage your finances well. Here are 5 financial tips
to help you get started.
2 MAKE A BUDGET
Many people think budgets are concerns for big
businesses and accountants only, but in fact everyone
should try to make budgets. It simply involves
calculating how much you can afford to spend each
month in relation to your income. It teaches you to
look at what you are spending and where you are
spending it. Try to develop a plan for your future
spending that keeps your finances within your budget.
Organising yourself like this is a great way to avoid
financial problems later on. It may seem pointless and
time-consuming, but actually organising your money
saves you time in the end. A financially secure life will
allow you more time to do the things you enjoy.
3 AVOID DEBTS
If you have a credit card, remember to pay your bills
promptly. Also don’t run up bank fees by exceeding
your credit limit or by making late payments; you
could happily be spending this money elsewhere!
When you shop, try to pay for items up front with
cash or a debit card to avoid the option of paying in
monthly instalments, which will cost you more. Be
4 INVEST?
Investments can make you a lot of money, but if you
want to invest, be wise and don’t rush into things. Do
lots of research and learn about your market and the
chances of success from your investment. You have to
be careful where to invest your money because some
investments pay better than others. In general, though,
the greater the risk you take with an investment
the more chance there is of a high reward. Cautious
investors usually make smaller profits than risk-takers.
So, if you do decide to take a big risk, your investment
may generate more money but you have to be prepared
for bigger losses also.
5 BE INFORMED
Understanding finances is the key to managing
them successfully. Make sure you are informed about
everything to do with your money, learn about your
bank’s terms, read the small print when you make
transactions and take time over any big financial
decisions. Simply understanding where your money
is going will save you from many financial troubles
later on.
careful if you borrow money too and make sure you
know exactly when you will have to pay it back. It is
also a good idea to shop around before you take out a
loan, as banks are often very competitive on rates in
order to get customers, so you could find a better deal
if you look carefully enough.
67
vocabulary
1. WORDS EASIL Y CONF USED
Complete the sentences using the words in the boxes.
bank deposit account annual income
market value pension plan monthly instalments
Complete these sentences using a suitable word
combination from the ones in the box.
2. WORD COMBINATIONS
1. The only way to get serious about putting money
aside for a rainy day is to open a(n)
account.
2. I realised that I would have to increase my
to keep up with my
mortgage payments.
3. The from the event were
to be given to a children’s home.
4. After the accident, Omer made a(n)
claim for personal
injury.
5. Paul had been working for the company for a long
time so when he was fired he received
.
6. Kevin got a for
exceeding the speed limit.
7. The from the books
written in his youth helped him maintain a good
standard of living even after he stopped writing.
8. When I was young, my parents would give me a
weekly which I usually
spent on sweets.
9. Ibrahim was elected employee of the year by his
colleagues and received a(n)
for his outstanding performance.
10. After the floods, many charities made an appeal for
of food and clothing to
help people until relief agencies could take over.
11. His groundbreaking discovery in the field of genetic
engineering led to him being given a
to further his research.
12. Job performance is closely related to
, as many people expect
to get paid well for applying themselves at work.
earnings proceeds savings
compensation severance pay fine
bonus royalties allowance
remuneration donations grant
1. Even though I bought my car last year, its
has fallen, which
means that I would lose money if I decided to sell it now.
2. When my washing machine broke down, I decided to
buy a new one and pay for it in six
because I didn’t
have the cash to pay for it up front.
3. My is barely
enough to cover my expenses so I have to stick to a
tight budget to make ends meet.
4. If I start a(n) now,
I will be able to live comfortably when I retire.
5. Not only does a(n)
keep your money safe but you also earn some interest on it.
Read the sentences below and fill in the blanks with
at, in or on to complete the prepositional phrases that
have been used.
3. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
1. I waited for the sales to get the things I needed
a discount.
2. This was the best conference room that I could find
such short notice.
3. I can’t come to the restaurant tonight as I am working
the night shift and I will be duty at that time.
4. Highly skilled technicians are short supply so
they are always demand.
5. Everything is going as planned and the project will be
completed schedule.
6. The manager worked close collaboration with
his subordinates to get the project done.
7. We are not allowed to eat the job.
8. Fred’s company is debt and he has taken out a
loan to try and keep his company afloat.
9. We must cut our expenses all costs.
10. The deal went through as planned account of
George’s keen business sense.
Rewrite the sentences below using if.
grammar
1. Conditional Sentences
A. Read the examples and answer the questions that
follow.
1. If you start saving money today, you will enjoy the
rewards in the future.
• What does the conditional sentence express?
a. something that always happens
b. something that will possibly happen
c. something that is unlikely to happen
• Could when be used instead of if ?
• If the sentence above were If you started saving money
now, you would enjoy the rewards in the future, what
would it express?
a. You are likely to start saving money now and in this
case you will enjoy the rewards in the future.
b. You are unlikely to start saving money now but if
you did, you would enjoy the rewards in the future.
c. You aren’t able to start saving money now.
2. If you have a financially secure life, you have more time
to do the things you enjoy.
• Does the conditional sentence express something
happening generally or something that might happen
in the future?
• Could when be used instead of if ?
3. Unless you make a budget, you could have financial
problems later on.
• How can you express the same meaning using if ?
B. Find all the examples of conditional sentences in
the text on page 67 and complete the tables below.
Zero Conditional
if or when + Present Simple Ô
1st Conditional
Grammar Reference p. 111.
2nd Conditional
if + Ô
+ base form
if +
ÔÔ
, ,
must, may, might,
should + base form
NOTE
In the 1st Conditional, if there is a slight
possibility of something happening, we can
use should. If you should have any problem,
give me a call.
3rd Conditional
if + Ô would, could, might
+ + past participle
4. If he had made wise investments, he would have made a
lot of money.
• Did he make wise investments?
• Did he make a lot of money?
• How does he feel about it?
2. PractiCe
1. Start saving up now, otherwise you will be in trouble in
the future.
2. I don’t think it’s a good idea to buy a second-hand car.
3. Without our parents’ financial help, we couldn’t
possibly make ends meet.
4. You missed the bus and were late for school.
5. Apply for one more credit card, and you will regret it
pretty soon.
6. Should you see Dad, tell him to give me a call.
7. You will probably not get a promotion unless you start
working harder.
8. We didn’t arrive at the port on time so we missed the ferry.
69
• If you were interested in following a career in forensics, what questions would you ask an expert in this field?
• What do you think are the pros and cons of such a career?
1. Pre-listening
Read through the sentences before
listening to the recording and think about
what type of information is missing.
Remember you need to write a word or
a short phrase of up to three words.
You do not need to paraphrase the
information you hear. So make sure the
word or phrase you have written as the
answer is exactly as it is heard on the
recording.
Check your answers by reading the
entire sentence and seeing if it makes
sense both logically and grammatically.
Read the short text about forensic science and answer the questions below.
1. Dr Saunders admits that the can
sometimes be very inconvenient.
2. Dr Saunders explains that forensic scientists apply scientific
techniques to the .
3. Serving the gives forensic scientists a
sense of achievement.
4. Good communication skills are important because a forensic
scientist may have to explain complicated ideas to
.
5. To become a forensic scientist you need to have a
at least.
6. Those looking for jobs in forensics must be prepared for some
competition.
7. can help applicants get noticed by
employers.
8. It is a good idea for those thinking seriously about a career in
forensics to find a to offer their services.
Discuss.
2. LISTENING FOR SPE CIFI C INFOR MATION
3. Post-listening
• Would you be interested in a career in forensics?
Why/Why not?
You will hear a radio interview with a forensic scientist offering
advice to students interested in pursuing a career in this field.
For questions 1-8, complete the sentences with a word or short
phrase.
I n the past, in order to solve a crime, authorities relied
largely on confessions or on the testimony of eye witnesses.
Today, thanks to advancements in science and technology,
investigators have lots of tools at their disposal to help them solve
a crime. When evidence, such as fingerprints, is found at a crime
scene, it is collected and turned over to forensic scientists for
analysis. After performing a series of comprehensive chemical
and physical analyses on the evidence, forensic scientists prepare
reports describing the results of their analysis. Forensic scientists,
for example, might be able to match the evidence found at the scene
of a crime to evidence found, say, on a suspect. Their work is often
instrumental in helping police identify and arrest criminals.
1 SAVE SAVE SAVE
Begin to save money today, don’t leave it for
tomorrow or next week. Start now and you will enjoy
the rewards in the future. The simplest way to save is
to spend less. Think about what you really need and
not just what you really want. Even when you are
buying groceries, write a list first and buy only what’s
on your list... you will be amazed at the savings you
can make! Don’t keep the bulk of your money in a
drawer, set up a savings account. Also, think about a
pension plan, even if you are still young. The later you
leave it the more difficult it will be.
Money may not be the answer to happiness, but it is
certainly one of the most important ingredients for
a more comfortable and less stressful life. Whether
you have a smaller annual income or a better one,
you can avoid countless difficulties if you learn to
manage your finances well. Here are 5 financial tips
to help you get started.
2 MAKE A BUDGET
Many people think budgets are concerns for big
businesses and accountants only, but in fact everyone
should try to make budgets. It simply involves
calculating how much you can afford to spend each
month in relation to your income. It teaches you to
look at what you are spending and where you are
spending it. Try to develop a plan for your future
spending that keeps your finances within your budget.
Organising yourself like this is a great way to avoid
financial problems later on. It may seem pointless and
time-consuming, but actually organising your money
saves you time in the end. A financially secure life will
allow you more time to do the things you enjoy.
3 AVOID DEBTS
If you have a credit card, remember to pay your bills
promptly. Also don’t run up bank fees by exceeding
your credit limit or by making late payments; you
could happily be spending this money elsewhere!
When you shop, try to pay for items up front with
cash or a debit card to avoid the option of paying in
monthly instalments, which will cost you more. Be
4 INVEST?
Investments can make you a lot of money, but if you
want to invest, be wise and don’t rush into things. Do
lots of research and learn about your market and the
chances of success from your investment. You have to
be careful where to invest your money because some
investments pay better than others. In general, though,
the greater the risk you take with an investment
the more chance there is of a high reward. Cautious
investors usually make smaller profits than risk-takers.
So, if you do decide to take a big risk, your investment
may generate more money but you have to be prepared
for bigger losses also.
5 BE INFORMED
Understanding finances is the key to managing
them successfully. Make sure you are informed about
everything to do with your money, learn about your
bank’s terms, read the small print when you make
transactions and take time over any big financial
decisions. Simply understanding where your money
is going will save you from many financial troubles
later on.
careful if you borrow money too and make sure you
know exactly when you will have to pay it back. It is
also a good idea to shop around before you take out a
loan, as banks are often very competitive on rates in
order to get customers, so you could find a better deal
if you look carefully enough.
67
vocabulary
1. WORDS EASIL Y CONF USED
Complete the sentences using the words in the boxes.
bank deposit account annual income
market value pension plan monthly instalments
Complete these sentences using a suitable word
combination from the ones in the box.
2. WORD COMBINATIONS
1. The only way to get serious about putting money
aside for a rainy day is to open a(n)
account.
2. I realised that I would have to increase my
to keep up with my
mortgage payments.
3. The from the event were
to be given to a children’s home.
4. After the accident, Omer made a(n)
claim for personal
injury.
5. Paul had been working for the company for a long
time so when he was fired he received
.
6. Kevin got a for
exceeding the speed limit.
7. The from the books
written in his youth helped him maintain a good
standard of living even after he stopped writing.
8. When I was young, my parents would give me a
weekly which I usually
spent on sweets.
9. Ibrahim was elected employee of the year by his
colleagues and received a(n)
for his outstanding performance.
10. After the floods, many charities made an appeal for
of food and clothing to
help people until relief agencies could take over.
11. His groundbreaking discovery in the field of genetic
engineering led to him being given a
to further his research.
12. Job performance is closely related to
, as many people expect
to get paid well for applying themselves at work.
earnings proceeds savings
compensation severance pay fine
bonus royalties allowance
remuneration donations grant
1. Even though I bought my car last year, its
has fallen, which
means that I would lose money if I decided to sell it now.
2. When my washing machine broke down, I decided to
buy a new one and pay for it in six
because I didn’t
have the cash to pay for it up front.
3. My is barely
enough to cover my expenses so I have to stick to a
tight budget to make ends meet.
4. If I start a(n) now,
I will be able to live comfortably when I retire.
5. Not only does a(n)
keep your money safe but you also earn some interest on it.
Read the sentences below and fill in the blanks with
at, in or on to complete the prepositional phrases that
have been used.
3. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
1. I waited for the sales to get the things I needed
a discount.
2. This was the best conference room that I could find
such short notice.
3. I can’t come to the restaurant tonight as I am working
the night shift and I will be duty at that time.
4. Highly skilled technicians are short supply so
they are always demand.
5. Everything is going as planned and the project will be
completed schedule.
6. The manager worked close collaboration with
his subordinates to get the project done.
7. We are not allowed to eat the job.
8. Fred’s company is debt and he has taken out a
loan to try and keep his company afloat.
9. We must cut our expenses all costs.
10. The deal went through as planned account of
George’s keen business sense.
Rewrite the sentences below using if.
grammar
1. Conditional Sentences
A. Read the examples and answer the questions that
follow.
1. If you start saving money today, you will enjoy the
rewards in the future.
• What does the conditional sentence express?
a. something that always happens
b. something that will possibly happen
c. something that is unlikely to happen
• Could when be used instead of if ?
• If the sentence above were If you started saving money
now, you would enjoy the rewards in the future, what
would it express?
a. You are likely to start saving money now and in this
case you will enjoy the rewards in the future.
b. You are unlikely to start saving money now but if
you did, you would enjoy the rewards in the future.
c. You aren’t able to start saving money now.
2. If you have a financially secure life, you have more time
to do the things you enjoy.
• Does the conditional sentence express something
happening generally or something that might happen
in the future?
• Could when be used instead of if ?
3. Unless you make a budget, you could have financial
problems later on.
• How can you express the same meaning using if ?
B. Find all the examples of conditional sentences in
the text on page 67 and complete the tables below.
Zero Conditional
if or when + Present Simple Ô
1st Conditional
Grammar Reference p. 111.
2nd Conditional
if + Ô
+ base form
if +
ÔÔ
, ,
must, may, might,
should + base form
NOTE
In the 1st Conditional, if there is a slight
possibility of something happening, we can
use should. If you should have any problem,
give me a call.
3rd Conditional
if + Ô would, could, might
+ + past participle
4. If he had made wise investments, he would have made a
lot of money.
• Did he make wise investments?
• Did he make a lot of money?
• How does he feel about it?
2. PractiCe
1. Start saving up now, otherwise you will be in trouble in
the future.
2. I don’t think it’s a good idea to buy a second-hand car.
3. Without our parents’ financial help, we couldn’t
possibly make ends meet.
4. You missed the bus and were late for school.
5. Apply for one more credit card, and you will regret it
pretty soon.
6. Should you see Dad, tell him to give me a call.
7. You will probably not get a promotion unless you start
working harder.
8. We didn’t arrive at the port on time so we missed the ferry.
69
• If you were interested in following a career in forensics, what questions would you ask an expert in this field?
• What do you think are the pros and cons of such a career?
1. Pre-listening
Read through the sentences before
listening to the recording and think about
what type of information is missing.
Remember you need to write a word or
a short phrase of up to three words.
You do not need to paraphrase the
information you hear. So make sure the
word or phrase you have written as the
answer is exactly as it is heard on the
recording.
Check your answers by reading the
entire sentence and seeing if it makes
sense both logically and grammatically.
Read the short text about forensic science and answer the questions below.
1. Dr Saunders admits that the can
sometimes be very inconvenient.
2. Dr Saunders explains that forensic scientists apply scientific
techniques to the .
3. Serving the gives forensic scientists a
sense of achievement.
4. Good communication skills are important because a forensic
scientist may have to explain complicated ideas to
.
5. To become a forensic scientist you need to have a
at least.
6. Those looking for jobs in forensics must be prepared for some
competition.
7. can help applicants get noticed by
employers.
8. It is a good idea for those thinking seriously about a career in
forensics to find a to offer their services.
Discuss.
2. LISTENING FOR SPE CIFI C INFOR MATION
3. Post-listening
• Would you be interested in a career in forensics?
Why/Why not?
You will hear a radio interview with a forensic scientist offering
advice to students interested in pursuing a career in this field.
For questions 1-8, complete the sentences with a word or short
phrase.
I n the past, in order to solve a crime, authorities relied
largely on confessions or on the testimony of eye witnesses.
Today, thanks to advancements in science and technology,
investigators have lots of tools at their disposal to help them solve
a crime. When evidence, such as fingerprints, is found at a crime
scene, it is collected and turned over to forensic scientists for
analysis. After performing a series of comprehensive chemical
and physical analyses on the evidence, forensic scientists prepare
reports describing the results of their analysis. Forensic scientists,
for example, might be able to match the evidence found at the scene
of a crime to evidence found, say, on a suspect. Their work is often
instrumental in helping police identify and arrest criminals.
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