LEXICAL SET THE BODY
Look at the groups of words below. How many words
can you add to each group?
vocabulary
3. expressions WIT H ‘get’
2. PHRASA L VER BS (TAKE)
a. to understand
b. to look or behave like someone else
c. to write down
d. to accept
e. to occupy space
f. to admit that what you said was wrong
g. to take control
h. to leave the ground
1. There is some bad weather, so the plane will
take off two hours later.
2. I’m too busy right now to take on any new
clients.
3. Ever since the new manager took over, sales have
increased by 30%.
4. Everyone always tells us that Dylan takes after
me when it comes to his looks and personality.
5. Luckily, I was able to take down the licence plate
number of the person who hit us.
6. I love the new sofa, but I’m afraid it takes up the
entire living room!
7. This is a lot of new information to take in.
I don’t know how I’ll remember it all.
8. I take back what I said about David being selfish
and self-centred. I didn’t really mean it.
B. Match the expressions in bold with their meanings.
chin
Match the phrasal verbs in bold with their meanings.
A. Look at the extract from text A on page 42. What
does the phrase in bold mean?
One that would tone their muscles, build strength and
endurance and get rid of extra kilos....
1. It’s so unfair that sometimes the wrong people
seem to get the sack.
2. Their lack of manners really gets on my nerves.
3. Alright everyone, we don’t have much time, so
let’s get down to business.
4. Mark my words, I’ll get even with him for what
he’s done.
5. Don’t worry, we won’t let them get the better of
us!
6. No matter what those kids do, they always end
up getting into trouble when they’re together.
eyebrow
nostril
forehead
eyelash
kidneys
lungs
liver
intestines
head
organs
elbow
upper body
thigh
calf
ankle
shin
lower body
chest
belly
shoulder
waist
a. to start work
b. to take revenge
c. to lose one’s job
d. to face problems or difficulties
e. to annoy
f. to defeat
44
grammar
2. PractiCe
Read the following situations and decide what you would say in each of them. Start with the words given.
Grammar Reference p. 109.
1. You want to buy a new surfboard but you can’t afford one.
I wish .
2. You’ve been working for two hours and need a break.
It’s time .
3. While you are in a hotel, the fire alarm in your room goes off. The police arrive and treat you like a criminal.
They treated me as if .
4. Your brother borrowed your camera without asking you.
I’d rather .
5. You didn’t attend the school’s end-of-year ceremony and now you regret it.
I wish .
6. We didn’t arrive at the port on time so we missed the ferry.
If only .
7. It’s eight o’clock in the evening and your brother hasn’t done his homework yet.
It’s about time .
8. You’d love to buy the gadget but unfortunately you don’t have your credit card with you.
If only .
9. You and your brother didn’t eat lunch before going on a long walk and felt hungry later.
I’d rather .
10. You would like to paint your bedroom black but your parents won’t allow it.
I wish .
1. UNREA L PAST
Look at the following extracts from texts B and D on pages 42-43 and answer the questions that follow.
I wish I could find time to exercise, but it’s really hard.
• Does Mark find time to exercise?
• How does he feel about it?
• Does the sentence refer to the present or the past?
If only my friends had given it a try, too.
• Did Paul’s friends give it a try?
• How does he feel about it now?
• What tenses are used after wish and if only? Complete the
table.
wish / if only / would rather / as if / as though /
it’s (high/about) time +
referring to the present or future
wish / if only / would rather / as if / as though +
referring to the past
45
1. pre-listening
• Are you familiar with the plants and spices below?
• What is aromatherapy?
• How do you think essential oils can help a person’s health?
Discuss.
You will hear a radio interview with an expert on aromatherapy. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer a, b or c.
2. LISTENING FOR DETAI LS
1. Why are essential oils used for health purposes?
a. they are natural
b. they have a pleasant smell
c. they contain useful substances
2. How long does Rick say aromatherapy has been in
use?
a. since World War II
b. since 1930
c. since ancient times
3. How can athletes use essential oils?
a. as antiseptics
b. as nutritional supplements
c. by inhaling them
4. Why is smell the most sensitive sense?
a. The nose is the most sensitive organ.
b. The brain reacts faster to smells.
c. It is closely related to taste.
5. What effect did peppermint have on the athletes?
a. They performed better.
b. They felt happier than ever.
c. They won the race.
6. Which of the following essential oils can calm you
physically and mentally?
a. lavender
b. cinnamon
c. jasmine
7. What does Rick say about using essential oils?
a. You should inhale a large amount to get an effect.
b. Using them the wrong way can cause bad side
effects.
c. You can only use them with water.
peppermint
lavender
basil
jasmine
cinnamon
rosemary
46
vocabulary grammar
A. Look at the examples below and answer the questions
that follow.
IN VERSION
1. Never have I seen such a great variety of essential oils.
2. Not only did the ancient Greeks know about aromatic oils
but they also used them in medical treatment.
1. PHRASA L VER BS (BRING )
A. Read the following extract from the
interview that you heard in the listening
section. What does the phrasal verb in
bold mean?
When the following words and expressions are at the beginning
of a sentence, the verb in the main clause is in question form.
This is called inversion and is used for emphasis.
• Are the examples statements or questions?
• Are the verbs in the affirmative or in question form?
• What is the purpose of this grammatical structure?
a. to place emphasis b. to express criticism
B. Rewrite the sentences using inversion and the words given.
blame effort stop
money pressure
1. I was brought up in a very strict
household.
2. With that attitude, he will bring about
his own downfall.
3. He doesn’t want to go to the market,
but I’ll bring him round.
4. Seeing that old swing brought back
many fond memories of childhood.
5. Even though we both have two jobs
each, neither of us brings in enough
money to survive.
...if you suffer from asthma, it could bring on
an attack.
a. to cause to remember
b. to convince someone to change their
mind
c. to earn
d. to raise a child
e. to cause something to happen
B. Match the phrasal verbs in bold with
their meanings.
2. EXPRESSIONS WIT H ‘PUT’
A. Read the following extract from
the interview that you heard in the
listening section. Can you think of any
other expressions with the verb put?
1. My father is putting
on me to go to night school.
2. Someone has to put a(n)
to all this needless waste!
3. I hate it when people put the
on others and don’t take
responsibility for their mistakes.
4. You can really tell that he put a lot of
into building that tree
house.
5. They’ve put so much into
their house that now it’s worth twice as
much as when they bought it.
The peppermint put the athletes in a good mood...
B. Complete the sentences with the nouns
in the box.
1. You should not use a mobile phone in the library. account
2. We can’t leave the hall before the speaker has finished his
lecture. circumstances
3. You will understand the tragedy when you see the pain on
the children’s faces. only
4. We had just started our picnic when it started raining
heavily. hardly
5. I seldom write letters nowadays. rarely
6. It is not at all certain that we will win tomorrow’s game.
means
7. Claire had just switched on her computer when there was a
power cut. sooner
8. She didn’t answer a single question in class during the whole
term. even
Never (before)
Rarely
Seldom
Hardly... when
No sooner... than
Only
Not only... but also
Not until
Not even
Little
In no way
By no means
On no account
Nowhere
Under no circumstances
Grammar Reference p. 109.
• What do you do to relax when you’ve had a hard day?
• Have you ever been to a spa or a health resort ? If not, would you like to go? Why / Why not?
1. warm-up
2. SPEC ULATING AND MA KING A DECISION
Talk in pairs. Imagine that you and a friend are going to a health spa or resort. Below are some services that the place
offers. First, talk to each other about how beneficial the different options would be. Then decide which two activities
you would like to do.
• What kinds of activities can people do to promote
their health and well-being?
• Why is it important to exercise regularly?
• How important is a healthy diet in order to have good
mental and physical health?
• Is the health of the mind as important as the health
and well-being of the body?
3. further discussion
exercise play sports reduce stress
keep in shape balanced diet vitamins
increase concentration/memory control weight
anxiety related illnesses mental/physical ability
well-balanced personality
Discuss the following questions. You can use some of the words/phrases in the box.
I believe that... would be better/more beneficial because...
In my opinion, I think that we should/shouldn’t...
We should definitely consider... because it would help/be better for...
mud mask (face/body/foot) massage
spa stones pilates exercising relaxing unwind
tension treadmill anxiety health drinks
• How beneficial would the different options be?
• Which two would you like to do?
48
A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct answer.
1. Can’t you be more responsible? If only you a bit harder!
a. study b. were studying c. have studied d. would study
2. I’d rather Daniel to George like that the other day.
a. didn’t speak b. doesn’t speak c. wouldn’t speak d. hadn’t spoken
3. I’d rather we the boys to join us.
a. ask b. would ask c. hadn’t asked d. will ask
4. If only Brandon me, I would have finished on time.
a. has helped b. helped c. hadn’t helped d. had helped
5. No sooner him the news than everybody in the office knew it.
a. I had told b. have I told c. I have told d. had I told
6. Under no circumstances my proposal.
a. would he accept b. won’t he accept c. he had accepted d. he will have accepted
7. I wish Stan in the office. It’s unhealthy for all of us.
a. won’t smoke b. hadn’t smoked c. doesn’t smoke d. wouldn’t smoke
8. After our argument, he acted as if nothing .
a. had happened b. happens c. didn’t happen d. would happen
9. I wish I their address; I would have visited them.
a. will know b. would know c. have known d. had known
10. Not only the door but I secured the windows, too.
a. I locked b. I have locked c. was I locked d. did I lock
B. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b, c or d best fits each gap.
In order to succeed as an Olympic athlete, you need discipline, strength
and (1) . However, extreme weather conditions in countries
where the games are held can negatively (2) performance.
For example, in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, extreme heat and humidity
were extra (3) that athletes from temperate climates such as
Great Britain had to face. In order to help athletes (4) with
these conditions, British sports scientists put a lot of (5) into
developing innovative solutions. To begin with, (6) humidity
doesn’t allow sweat to evaporate; therefore, athletes become (7)
but their bodies don’t cool down. In order to help athletes keep physically
fit in those conditions, scientists designed a special heat chamber. The
chamber is a room filled with various exercise machines, and it is able to
(8) various weather conditions. In addition, electronic pills
measured the athletes’ body temperature while they were exercising in
order to protect them from heat exhaustion, which is a serious
(9) . Advanced isotonic drinks which contained (10)
that prevent dehydration were also provided. In addition, sprinters,
throwers, cyclists and swimmers wore special clothes that supported
their (11) as they contracted and expanded during exercise.
(12) , these incredible advances in the area of sports science
ensure that athletes are well prepared for important sporting events
which take place in extreme weather conditions.
How
1. a. endurance
b. consideration
c. tension
d. anxiety
2. a. ensure
b. influence
c. inspire
d. bring in
3. a. chores
b. obstacles
c. consequences
d. side effects
4. a. cope
b. combine
c. fight
d. survive
5. a. pressure
b. effort
c. trouble
d. pain
6. a. intense
b. great
c. powerful
d. deep
7. a. wet
b. damp
c. sweaty
d. sticky
8. a. simulate
b. pretend
c. repeat
d. imagine
9. a. situation
b. factor
c. condition
d. circumstance
10. a. substances
b. materials
c. features
d. objects
11. a. muscles
b. elbows
c. kidneys
d. intestines
12. a. Overall
b. Nevertheless
c. Therefore
d. Meanwhile
athletes cope with hot climates
examination practice
49
• Would you enjoy spending a holiday at a summer camp? Why / Why not?
• If you were considering going to a summer camp, what kind of information would you like to have about it?
A. Read the rubric below and underline the key words.
1. discuss
writing a report
2. Focus on styl e, content and organisation
Michael’s school organises holidays for students at a summer camp every year. The head teacher of his school has asked
him to write a report on the suitability of a summer camp he has visited for his school’s next summer camp holiday.
B. Circle the correct answer.
1. He is writing the report in order to
a. make suggestions about what can be
done to improve the camp facilities.
b. discuss whether the camp would be a good
choice for his school’s summer camp.
2. He is writing the report for
a. a peer.
b. a superior.
3. The style of the report should be
a. formal.
b. informal.
C. Now read the report and choose the appropriate heading for each paragraph.
To: John Marshal, Head Teacher of Conrad High School
From: Michael Shaw
Subject: The New Frontiers Adventure Camp
This report focuses on the main features of The New Frontiers Adventure Camp and the possibility of using it for our next
summer camp.
To begin with, the camp is based in the British Virgin Islands, an ideal spot for a marine summer camp, with its beautiful
scenery and crystal clear waters. There are coral reefs, sea life and numerous exotic islands to explore. The fine weather and
calm sea both offer a perfect setting for diving and sailing.
The instructors and camp supervisors are all qualified and experienced. Overall, I found everyone to be both friendly and
helpful. Moreover, they ensured that high standards of safety were maintained at all times.
The camp offers a variety of daily programmes for campers. One programme that is particularly interesting is a twoweek
diving course which includes night diving, visiting shipwrecks, and underwater photography. This course offers the
opportunity to explore coral reefs and see amazing sea life; this is an experience which is both enjoyable and educational. It is
recommended, however, that daily activities should be carefully planned, as a very busy schedule can be exhausting.
Taking everything into consideration, I believe that the camp is an ideal choice for next year’s summer camp. Through a
well-planned daily programme, the students of our school will not only be able to have fun and relax, but also benefit from
exciting new experiences.
Organised activities
Conclusion
Staff
Introduction
Location
50
3. Practice
A. Read the rubric and the report that follows. The paragraphs in the
report have been jumbled up. Number the paragraphs correctly and
think of an appropriate heading for each one.
For set phrases you can use,
see Appendix I.
4. outline
When writing a report, follow the
outline below.
intr oducti on
• State what the report is about.
main part (2-3 para gra phs)
• Give information and expand on the
points you want to make.
• Make recommendations/
suggestions.
Conclusi on
• State your overall impression/
opinion.
5. writing task
Read the rubric below and write your
report (120-180 words).
The writer
a. mentions where the camp is
b. refers to means of transport
to the camp
c. refers to the people working
at the camp
d. refers to safety standards
D. Read the following statements and decide which of them are
included in the report.
E. Read the report again and identify the features that are characteristic
of a formal style of writing.
To: World Magazine
From: Andrew Shields
Subject: Golden Beach
The beach itself consists of two continuous kilometres of white sand. It is
situated in a natural bay and is shaded by palm trees. It is not affected by
windy weather and the water is always calm and turquoise blue in colour.
To sum up, its convenient location, its natural beauty and the existing
facilities make Golden Beach one of the most popular beaches for both
Blue Bay residents and tourists.
I’m writing this report to tell you about Golden Beach. It’s a really great
beach near the town where I live and I think that it’s fantastic that you’ve
decided to include a feature about our area in your magazine. I’ll do
my best to make it sound as attractive as possible. I hope my report will
make lots of people want to visit Golden Beach!
The facilities are excellent. Changing rooms and showers as well as
lockers for personal possessions are provided free of charge. For relaxing
in the sun, there are umbrellas and sunloungers, and of course a kiosk
selling refreshments. Lifeguards are on active duty from 8am to 8pm. A
variety of water sports are also available.
Golden Beach is only twelve kilometres east of the town of Blue Bay. It
can be accessed easily by car, and there is a bus service running from the
town centre to the beach and back every hour from 8am to 8pm.
When writing a report:
ä keep in mind who you are writing the
report for and why so that you write in
an appropriate style; formal if you are
writing it for a superior or semi-formal if
you are writing for peers.
ä give your report a title or use the
following layout:
To:
From:
Subject:
ä select three or four of your ideas and
organise them into separate paragraphs
for every major point.
ä use headings to indicate what topic each
paragraph focuses on.
e. refers to activities available
f. mentions the cost of a
two-week stay
g. gives some advice
h. refers to comments made
by campers
i. makes a recommendation
An international magazine is doing a feature on your region and wants to
include information about popular beaches. You have been asked to write a
report about one of the beaches in the region. Include the following information:
• where the beach is
• a description of the beach
• the facilities provided
B. One of the paragraphs has been written in an inappropriate style.
Find it and rewrite it more suitably.
An international magazine is doing a
feature on your town and wants to include
information about healthy places to eat. You
have been asked to write a report about one
of the restaurants in your town. Include the
following information:
• where the restaurant is / the décor and
atmosphere of the restaurant
• the variety and quality of the food
• the staff and the service in general
51
A. Read the text below and decide which answer
a, b, c or d best fits each gap.
It’s no secret that a balanced diet can
help us keep in shape, as well as feel
better; but the relationship between
nutrition and thinking has only
recently (1) to light. As it turns out, there really is
such a thing as ‘(2) for thought.’
Elliot is nine years old. A year ago, he didn’t (3)
any effort into doing his schoolwork. His grades were
poor, and he would (4) watch TV than open any
book when he got home from school. But the past year has
(5) a dramatic change in Elliot’s life. His school
performance has greatly improved and he has
(6) an enthusiastic reader.
Elliot (7) in a scientific study which required 100
children to take nutritional (8) of oils high in
omega-3 fatty acids for six months. Omega-3 fatty acids
are found naturally in oily fish (9) as salmon
and sardines. They are known to (10) prevent
heart disease and they can improve the condition of some
patients with depression. Scientists are now saying that
omega-3 fatty acids can also (11) to improved
brain function and enhance mental (12) such as
concentration and memory.
So if you want to become brainier, it might be a good idea
to head to the fishmonger’s more often!
Look at the groups of words below. How many words
can you add to each group?
vocabulary
3. expressions WIT H ‘get’
2. PHRASA L VER BS (TAKE)
a. to understand
b. to look or behave like someone else
c. to write down
d. to accept
e. to occupy space
f. to admit that what you said was wrong
g. to take control
h. to leave the ground
1. There is some bad weather, so the plane will
take off two hours later.
2. I’m too busy right now to take on any new
clients.
3. Ever since the new manager took over, sales have
increased by 30%.
4. Everyone always tells us that Dylan takes after
me when it comes to his looks and personality.
5. Luckily, I was able to take down the licence plate
number of the person who hit us.
6. I love the new sofa, but I’m afraid it takes up the
entire living room!
7. This is a lot of new information to take in.
I don’t know how I’ll remember it all.
8. I take back what I said about David being selfish
and self-centred. I didn’t really mean it.
B. Match the expressions in bold with their meanings.
chin
Match the phrasal verbs in bold with their meanings.
A. Look at the extract from text A on page 42. What
does the phrase in bold mean?
One that would tone their muscles, build strength and
endurance and get rid of extra kilos....
1. It’s so unfair that sometimes the wrong people
seem to get the sack.
2. Their lack of manners really gets on my nerves.
3. Alright everyone, we don’t have much time, so
let’s get down to business.
4. Mark my words, I’ll get even with him for what
he’s done.
5. Don’t worry, we won’t let them get the better of
us!
6. No matter what those kids do, they always end
up getting into trouble when they’re together.
eyebrow
nostril
forehead
eyelash
kidneys
lungs
liver
intestines
head
organs
elbow
upper body
thigh
calf
ankle
shin
lower body
chest
belly
shoulder
waist
a. to start work
b. to take revenge
c. to lose one’s job
d. to face problems or difficulties
e. to annoy
f. to defeat
44
grammar
2. PractiCe
Read the following situations and decide what you would say in each of them. Start with the words given.
Grammar Reference p. 109.
1. You want to buy a new surfboard but you can’t afford one.
I wish .
2. You’ve been working for two hours and need a break.
It’s time .
3. While you are in a hotel, the fire alarm in your room goes off. The police arrive and treat you like a criminal.
They treated me as if .
4. Your brother borrowed your camera without asking you.
I’d rather .
5. You didn’t attend the school’s end-of-year ceremony and now you regret it.
I wish .
6. We didn’t arrive at the port on time so we missed the ferry.
If only .
7. It’s eight o’clock in the evening and your brother hasn’t done his homework yet.
It’s about time .
8. You’d love to buy the gadget but unfortunately you don’t have your credit card with you.
If only .
9. You and your brother didn’t eat lunch before going on a long walk and felt hungry later.
I’d rather .
10. You would like to paint your bedroom black but your parents won’t allow it.
I wish .
1. UNREA L PAST
Look at the following extracts from texts B and D on pages 42-43 and answer the questions that follow.
I wish I could find time to exercise, but it’s really hard.
• Does Mark find time to exercise?
• How does he feel about it?
• Does the sentence refer to the present or the past?
If only my friends had given it a try, too.
• Did Paul’s friends give it a try?
• How does he feel about it now?
• What tenses are used after wish and if only? Complete the
table.
wish / if only / would rather / as if / as though /
it’s (high/about) time +
referring to the present or future
wish / if only / would rather / as if / as though +
referring to the past
45
1. pre-listening
• Are you familiar with the plants and spices below?
• What is aromatherapy?
• How do you think essential oils can help a person’s health?
Discuss.
You will hear a radio interview with an expert on aromatherapy. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer a, b or c.
2. LISTENING FOR DETAI LS
1. Why are essential oils used for health purposes?
a. they are natural
b. they have a pleasant smell
c. they contain useful substances
2. How long does Rick say aromatherapy has been in
use?
a. since World War II
b. since 1930
c. since ancient times
3. How can athletes use essential oils?
a. as antiseptics
b. as nutritional supplements
c. by inhaling them
4. Why is smell the most sensitive sense?
a. The nose is the most sensitive organ.
b. The brain reacts faster to smells.
c. It is closely related to taste.
5. What effect did peppermint have on the athletes?
a. They performed better.
b. They felt happier than ever.
c. They won the race.
6. Which of the following essential oils can calm you
physically and mentally?
a. lavender
b. cinnamon
c. jasmine
7. What does Rick say about using essential oils?
a. You should inhale a large amount to get an effect.
b. Using them the wrong way can cause bad side
effects.
c. You can only use them with water.
peppermint
lavender
basil
jasmine
cinnamon
rosemary
46
vocabulary grammar
A. Look at the examples below and answer the questions
that follow.
IN VERSION
1. Never have I seen such a great variety of essential oils.
2. Not only did the ancient Greeks know about aromatic oils
but they also used them in medical treatment.
1. PHRASA L VER BS (BRING )
A. Read the following extract from the
interview that you heard in the listening
section. What does the phrasal verb in
bold mean?
When the following words and expressions are at the beginning
of a sentence, the verb in the main clause is in question form.
This is called inversion and is used for emphasis.
• Are the examples statements or questions?
• Are the verbs in the affirmative or in question form?
• What is the purpose of this grammatical structure?
a. to place emphasis b. to express criticism
B. Rewrite the sentences using inversion and the words given.
blame effort stop
money pressure
1. I was brought up in a very strict
household.
2. With that attitude, he will bring about
his own downfall.
3. He doesn’t want to go to the market,
but I’ll bring him round.
4. Seeing that old swing brought back
many fond memories of childhood.
5. Even though we both have two jobs
each, neither of us brings in enough
money to survive.
...if you suffer from asthma, it could bring on
an attack.
a. to cause to remember
b. to convince someone to change their
mind
c. to earn
d. to raise a child
e. to cause something to happen
B. Match the phrasal verbs in bold with
their meanings.
2. EXPRESSIONS WIT H ‘PUT’
A. Read the following extract from
the interview that you heard in the
listening section. Can you think of any
other expressions with the verb put?
1. My father is putting
on me to go to night school.
2. Someone has to put a(n)
to all this needless waste!
3. I hate it when people put the
on others and don’t take
responsibility for their mistakes.
4. You can really tell that he put a lot of
into building that tree
house.
5. They’ve put so much into
their house that now it’s worth twice as
much as when they bought it.
The peppermint put the athletes in a good mood...
B. Complete the sentences with the nouns
in the box.
1. You should not use a mobile phone in the library. account
2. We can’t leave the hall before the speaker has finished his
lecture. circumstances
3. You will understand the tragedy when you see the pain on
the children’s faces. only
4. We had just started our picnic when it started raining
heavily. hardly
5. I seldom write letters nowadays. rarely
6. It is not at all certain that we will win tomorrow’s game.
means
7. Claire had just switched on her computer when there was a
power cut. sooner
8. She didn’t answer a single question in class during the whole
term. even
Never (before)
Rarely
Seldom
Hardly... when
No sooner... than
Only
Not only... but also
Not until
Not even
Little
In no way
By no means
On no account
Nowhere
Under no circumstances
Grammar Reference p. 109.
• What do you do to relax when you’ve had a hard day?
• Have you ever been to a spa or a health resort ? If not, would you like to go? Why / Why not?
1. warm-up
2. SPEC ULATING AND MA KING A DECISION
Talk in pairs. Imagine that you and a friend are going to a health spa or resort. Below are some services that the place
offers. First, talk to each other about how beneficial the different options would be. Then decide which two activities
you would like to do.
• What kinds of activities can people do to promote
their health and well-being?
• Why is it important to exercise regularly?
• How important is a healthy diet in order to have good
mental and physical health?
• Is the health of the mind as important as the health
and well-being of the body?
3. further discussion
exercise play sports reduce stress
keep in shape balanced diet vitamins
increase concentration/memory control weight
anxiety related illnesses mental/physical ability
well-balanced personality
Discuss the following questions. You can use some of the words/phrases in the box.
I believe that... would be better/more beneficial because...
In my opinion, I think that we should/shouldn’t...
We should definitely consider... because it would help/be better for...
mud mask (face/body/foot) massage
spa stones pilates exercising relaxing unwind
tension treadmill anxiety health drinks
• How beneficial would the different options be?
• Which two would you like to do?
48
A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct answer.
1. Can’t you be more responsible? If only you a bit harder!
a. study b. were studying c. have studied d. would study
2. I’d rather Daniel to George like that the other day.
a. didn’t speak b. doesn’t speak c. wouldn’t speak d. hadn’t spoken
3. I’d rather we the boys to join us.
a. ask b. would ask c. hadn’t asked d. will ask
4. If only Brandon me, I would have finished on time.
a. has helped b. helped c. hadn’t helped d. had helped
5. No sooner him the news than everybody in the office knew it.
a. I had told b. have I told c. I have told d. had I told
6. Under no circumstances my proposal.
a. would he accept b. won’t he accept c. he had accepted d. he will have accepted
7. I wish Stan in the office. It’s unhealthy for all of us.
a. won’t smoke b. hadn’t smoked c. doesn’t smoke d. wouldn’t smoke
8. After our argument, he acted as if nothing .
a. had happened b. happens c. didn’t happen d. would happen
9. I wish I their address; I would have visited them.
a. will know b. would know c. have known d. had known
10. Not only the door but I secured the windows, too.
a. I locked b. I have locked c. was I locked d. did I lock
B. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b, c or d best fits each gap.
In order to succeed as an Olympic athlete, you need discipline, strength
and (1) . However, extreme weather conditions in countries
where the games are held can negatively (2) performance.
For example, in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, extreme heat and humidity
were extra (3) that athletes from temperate climates such as
Great Britain had to face. In order to help athletes (4) with
these conditions, British sports scientists put a lot of (5) into
developing innovative solutions. To begin with, (6) humidity
doesn’t allow sweat to evaporate; therefore, athletes become (7)
but their bodies don’t cool down. In order to help athletes keep physically
fit in those conditions, scientists designed a special heat chamber. The
chamber is a room filled with various exercise machines, and it is able to
(8) various weather conditions. In addition, electronic pills
measured the athletes’ body temperature while they were exercising in
order to protect them from heat exhaustion, which is a serious
(9) . Advanced isotonic drinks which contained (10)
that prevent dehydration were also provided. In addition, sprinters,
throwers, cyclists and swimmers wore special clothes that supported
their (11) as they contracted and expanded during exercise.
(12) , these incredible advances in the area of sports science
ensure that athletes are well prepared for important sporting events
which take place in extreme weather conditions.
How
1. a. endurance
b. consideration
c. tension
d. anxiety
2. a. ensure
b. influence
c. inspire
d. bring in
3. a. chores
b. obstacles
c. consequences
d. side effects
4. a. cope
b. combine
c. fight
d. survive
5. a. pressure
b. effort
c. trouble
d. pain
6. a. intense
b. great
c. powerful
d. deep
7. a. wet
b. damp
c. sweaty
d. sticky
8. a. simulate
b. pretend
c. repeat
d. imagine
9. a. situation
b. factor
c. condition
d. circumstance
10. a. substances
b. materials
c. features
d. objects
11. a. muscles
b. elbows
c. kidneys
d. intestines
12. a. Overall
b. Nevertheless
c. Therefore
d. Meanwhile
athletes cope with hot climates
examination practice
49
• Would you enjoy spending a holiday at a summer camp? Why / Why not?
• If you were considering going to a summer camp, what kind of information would you like to have about it?
A. Read the rubric below and underline the key words.
1. discuss
writing a report
2. Focus on styl e, content and organisation
Michael’s school organises holidays for students at a summer camp every year. The head teacher of his school has asked
him to write a report on the suitability of a summer camp he has visited for his school’s next summer camp holiday.
B. Circle the correct answer.
1. He is writing the report in order to
a. make suggestions about what can be
done to improve the camp facilities.
b. discuss whether the camp would be a good
choice for his school’s summer camp.
2. He is writing the report for
a. a peer.
b. a superior.
3. The style of the report should be
a. formal.
b. informal.
C. Now read the report and choose the appropriate heading for each paragraph.
To: John Marshal, Head Teacher of Conrad High School
From: Michael Shaw
Subject: The New Frontiers Adventure Camp
This report focuses on the main features of The New Frontiers Adventure Camp and the possibility of using it for our next
summer camp.
To begin with, the camp is based in the British Virgin Islands, an ideal spot for a marine summer camp, with its beautiful
scenery and crystal clear waters. There are coral reefs, sea life and numerous exotic islands to explore. The fine weather and
calm sea both offer a perfect setting for diving and sailing.
The instructors and camp supervisors are all qualified and experienced. Overall, I found everyone to be both friendly and
helpful. Moreover, they ensured that high standards of safety were maintained at all times.
The camp offers a variety of daily programmes for campers. One programme that is particularly interesting is a twoweek
diving course which includes night diving, visiting shipwrecks, and underwater photography. This course offers the
opportunity to explore coral reefs and see amazing sea life; this is an experience which is both enjoyable and educational. It is
recommended, however, that daily activities should be carefully planned, as a very busy schedule can be exhausting.
Taking everything into consideration, I believe that the camp is an ideal choice for next year’s summer camp. Through a
well-planned daily programme, the students of our school will not only be able to have fun and relax, but also benefit from
exciting new experiences.
Organised activities
Conclusion
Staff
Introduction
Location
50
3. Practice
A. Read the rubric and the report that follows. The paragraphs in the
report have been jumbled up. Number the paragraphs correctly and
think of an appropriate heading for each one.
For set phrases you can use,
see Appendix I.
4. outline
When writing a report, follow the
outline below.
intr oducti on
• State what the report is about.
main part (2-3 para gra phs)
• Give information and expand on the
points you want to make.
• Make recommendations/
suggestions.
Conclusi on
• State your overall impression/
opinion.
5. writing task
Read the rubric below and write your
report (120-180 words).
The writer
a. mentions where the camp is
b. refers to means of transport
to the camp
c. refers to the people working
at the camp
d. refers to safety standards
D. Read the following statements and decide which of them are
included in the report.
E. Read the report again and identify the features that are characteristic
of a formal style of writing.
To: World Magazine
From: Andrew Shields
Subject: Golden Beach
The beach itself consists of two continuous kilometres of white sand. It is
situated in a natural bay and is shaded by palm trees. It is not affected by
windy weather and the water is always calm and turquoise blue in colour.
To sum up, its convenient location, its natural beauty and the existing
facilities make Golden Beach one of the most popular beaches for both
Blue Bay residents and tourists.
I’m writing this report to tell you about Golden Beach. It’s a really great
beach near the town where I live and I think that it’s fantastic that you’ve
decided to include a feature about our area in your magazine. I’ll do
my best to make it sound as attractive as possible. I hope my report will
make lots of people want to visit Golden Beach!
The facilities are excellent. Changing rooms and showers as well as
lockers for personal possessions are provided free of charge. For relaxing
in the sun, there are umbrellas and sunloungers, and of course a kiosk
selling refreshments. Lifeguards are on active duty from 8am to 8pm. A
variety of water sports are also available.
Golden Beach is only twelve kilometres east of the town of Blue Bay. It
can be accessed easily by car, and there is a bus service running from the
town centre to the beach and back every hour from 8am to 8pm.
When writing a report:
ä keep in mind who you are writing the
report for and why so that you write in
an appropriate style; formal if you are
writing it for a superior or semi-formal if
you are writing for peers.
ä give your report a title or use the
following layout:
To:
From:
Subject:
ä select three or four of your ideas and
organise them into separate paragraphs
for every major point.
ä use headings to indicate what topic each
paragraph focuses on.
e. refers to activities available
f. mentions the cost of a
two-week stay
g. gives some advice
h. refers to comments made
by campers
i. makes a recommendation
An international magazine is doing a feature on your region and wants to
include information about popular beaches. You have been asked to write a
report about one of the beaches in the region. Include the following information:
• where the beach is
• a description of the beach
• the facilities provided
B. One of the paragraphs has been written in an inappropriate style.
Find it and rewrite it more suitably.
An international magazine is doing a
feature on your town and wants to include
information about healthy places to eat. You
have been asked to write a report about one
of the restaurants in your town. Include the
following information:
• where the restaurant is / the décor and
atmosphere of the restaurant
• the variety and quality of the food
• the staff and the service in general
51
A. Read the text below and decide which answer
a, b, c or d best fits each gap.
It’s no secret that a balanced diet can
help us keep in shape, as well as feel
better; but the relationship between
nutrition and thinking has only
recently (1) to light. As it turns out, there really is
such a thing as ‘(2) for thought.’
Elliot is nine years old. A year ago, he didn’t (3)
any effort into doing his schoolwork. His grades were
poor, and he would (4) watch TV than open any
book when he got home from school. But the past year has
(5) a dramatic change in Elliot’s life. His school
performance has greatly improved and he has
(6) an enthusiastic reader.
Elliot (7) in a scientific study which required 100
children to take nutritional (8) of oils high in
omega-3 fatty acids for six months. Omega-3 fatty acids
are found naturally in oily fish (9) as salmon
and sardines. They are known to (10) prevent
heart disease and they can improve the condition of some
patients with depression. Scientists are now saying that
omega-3 fatty acids can also (11) to improved
brain function and enhance mental (12) such as
concentration and memory.
So if you want to become brainier, it might be a good idea
to head to the fishmonger’s more often!
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