Have a nice trip!
a What an adventure!
1 arm-up 2 ead
Look at the types of holiday below and discuss.
• What does each of these types of holiday involve?
• What kind of holiday do you usually go on?
• Which of these have you never been on but would like to try? Why?
A. Look at the pictures.
What do you think
these people like doing
during their holidays?
Listen, read and check
your answers.
Not everyone enjoys a relaxing holiday around a pool getting a tan. Andy
Thomas interviews two people who have a di_ erent view on what a holiday is.
And you call that a holiday?
I was looking forward to chatting with Eric Reid because,
like me, he is an experienced scuba diver. But in the
end, there was a big difference between us. You see, I
wasn’t very keen on the company he kept underwater.
Eric loves interacting with marine life. Every summer
he books a holiday somewhere new in the world just to
swim in different marine environments. He’s swum with
humpback whales in the Antarctic and black tip reef
sharks in the Bahamas. He says that his most enjoyable
trip was to Mexico where he swam with whale sharks.
‘They are the largest fish in the world, but they aren’t
dangerous,’ Eric said. Personally, I’d prefer not to find
out. For his next trip he has made the decision to travel
to Darwin, Australia, where he’s going to swim with
crocodiles. Send us a postcard, Eric!
camping holiday holiday by the seaside
skiing trip guided city tour
backpackin g holiday cruise safari
Oliver Mason looks like any other teacher and makes
such a good impression in his smart shirt and tie
that you’ll never believe he has an unusual burning
passion for volcanoes. Whenever he has some free
time, he travels to a new volcano to explore. He finds
them so fascinating that he has travelled the globe
visiting them. His favourite location is Mauna Loa in
Hawaii, where the biggest active volcano in the world
is. ‘Active volcanoes are much more interesting. Also,
there are many activities you can do at volcanoes.
I’ve just come back from an unforgettable trip to
Nicaragua where I went volcano surfing down the side
of a volcano!’ said Oliver. That’s pretty dangerous,
even with safety equipment. Well, volcanoes may be
exciting, but they’re not for everyone, that’s for sure.
B. Read again and complete the summaries about the two people.
Oliver Mason is a (1) who is really interested in (2) . His
favourite one is still (3) and it’s the (4) in the world. It’s in
(5) . Apart from exploring, Oliver likes doing different (6) .
When he was in (7) , he tried volcano (8) .
Eric Reid loves (9) and he’s very experienced. He spends his (10)
holidays in places where he can swim in (11) . When he was in (12) ,
he swam with (13) , which are the (14) fish in the world. He
has recently made plans to visit (15) and swim with (16) .
48
Clauses of result
3 rammar
so + adjective/adverb + (that)
• The book was so boring that I didn’t read the
ending.
such + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun + (that)
• It was such a boring book that I didn’t read the
ending.
Complete with so or such.
1. The meal they served us was
delicious that we ate it immediately.
2. We had a good time in Taif
that we want to go again.
3. It was a big cake that we couldn’t eat
it all.
4. Omar has improved much at Maths
that he’s become one of the top students.
5. You’ve got nice boots that you don’t
need to buy new ones.
6. My best friend can cook well that I’m
sure he’ll become a chef.
C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
words in capitals. All the missing words are in the text.
4 isten
A. Listen to Jim talking to a friend about his last
holiday. What kind of holiday did he go on?
B. Listen again and write T for True or F for False.
5 peak
Talk in pairs. Think of a nice holiday you went
on and tell your partner all the reasons why you
liked it. Use the ideas in the box.
nice weather interesting sights
wonderful hotel beautiful beach
cheap souvenirs tasty food
friendly people exciting extreme sports
peaceful place
We went to Cairo last summer.
The weather was so nice that we
went to the beach every day.
Well, we went to Abha. The
people were so friendly that I
felt like I was at home.
Go to pages 164-166 for extra grammar practice.
1. Jim had never been to Africa before.
2. Jim spent a long time waiting around.
3. Jim borrowed his brother’s camera.
4. Jim was scared of the animals.
5. An elephant tried to get into Jim’s tent.
6. Jim wants to go on the same type of
holiday again.
1. I might go to Madinah next year, but I haven’t made
a yet. DECIDE
2. Please wear a helmet. It’s for your own
. SAFE
3. I got the that they didn’t
like my chocolate cake. IMPRESS
4. We spent an weekend by
the sea. ENJOY
5. Thomas and Jake spent a
evening watching DVDs. RELAX
6. Travelling to Peru was an
experience. FORGET
7. What’s the between a
backpacking and a camping holiday? DIFFERENT
49
1 ead
4b The great outdoors
A. Discuss.
• Have you ever spent time on a farm?
• Would you like to? Why?/Why not?
B. Look at the picture. What do you think happened to Bill? Listen to
the dialogue and check your answers. Then read it out in groups.
Tom You know what? I thought this agritourism would
be a boring way to spend my time.
Ali Me too. But actually it’s a good laugh.
Tom Yeah.
Ali Come on then, we can’t waste our time chatting.
There’s work to be done.
Tom But Farmer Ted told us to take a break.
Ali Did he? OK. Let’s take some pictures since we’ve
got some time to kill.
Tom But Bill’s not here. Where is he, by the way?
Ali Here he comes now. What happened to you?
Bill Why don’t you ask Tom?
Ali Did you do this, Tom?
Tom Don’t talk nonsense. Of course I didn’t. What are
you talking about, Bill?
Bill OK, this is what happened. Farmer Ted told me
to clean out the cowshed. So, I went to get a
bucket and spade from the shed. Then I saw Tom
passing by. Remember, Tom?
Tom Yes. You asked me to tell you where the cowshed
was.
Bill And you told me it was next to the farmhouse.
Tom It is... isn’t it?
Bill No. That’s Thunderbolt’s stable.
Ali Thunderbolt? The horse? Farmer Ted told us to
steer clear of him. He’s a wild one.
Bill I know, I know. I opened the door and it was quite
dark but I started cleaning anyway. The next
thing I knew, something kicked me and I fell over.
Tom Into some mud? Ewwww! That’s disgusting!
Ali Never mind. Let’s get you cleaned up.
Tom Please, Bill. Can I take a picture first?
C. Look at the phrases 1_5 from the dialogue and match them
with the meanings a-e.
D. Read again and answer the questions.
1. What kind of holiday are Ali, Bill and Tom on?
2. Who didn’t think they would enjoy the holiday?
3. Why aren’t Ali and Tom working at the moment?
4. What did Farmer Ted tell Bill to do?
5. Why is Bill angry with Tom?
6. What is next to the farmhouse?
7. What did Farmer Ted warn the kids about?
8. Why did Bill fall over?
1. It’s a good laugh
2. Don’t talk nonsense
3. Steer clear of
4. The next thing I knew
5. That’s disgusting
a. All of a sudden
b. That’s horrible
c. It’s fun
d. Avoid
e. Stop saying silly things
50
2 ocabulary
Listen. What do the expressions in bold mean? Match them with the definitions a-h.
1. My dad spends his free time making model planes.
2. Stop wasting your time playing computer games! Do something useful.
3. You’ve got until the weekend to finish the project, so take your time.
4. Arnold is really busy, but he’s going to try and make time to have coffee
with his friends.
5. My parents always give me a hard time when I don’t finish my homework.
6. My favourite sport is tennis, but I also play basketball from time to time.
7. We have some time to kill before lunch, so let’s go for a walk.
8. Don’t forget to wear your helmet at all times.
a. always
b. find the time to do
something
c. sometimes
d. pass the time
e. make someone’s life difficult
f. don’t hurry
g. not use your time wisely
h. have nothing to do
3 rammar
Rewrite the sentences using Reported Speech and the verbs given.
1. ‘Help me feed the horses, please,’ the farmer said to Darren.
ask
2. ‘Don’t give me a hard time,’ my brother said.
tell
3. ‘Please clean the mud off your shoes,’ Harry said to Mike.
ask
4. ‘Don’t move,’ the police officer said to the bank robber.
order
4 peak & rite
A. Imagine that you are Bill from the dialogue on
page 50. Describe to the class what happened to
you and how you felt.
B. Read the plan below.
When you’re writing an account of a true event,
remember to use the first person singular or plural
(I, We).
INTRODUCTION
Give some information about the setting of the
event (when and where it happened, who you
were with, etc.)
MAIN PART
Describe what happened. Remember to use Past
Tenses, linking words/phrases and expressions.
CONCLUSION
Describe how the event ended and make a short
comment on your experience.
C. Think of something that has happened to you or imagine
you’re Bill. Complete the notes below, making up any
information you need.
D. Write an account of a true event or imagine you’re Bill
and write what happened. Use your notes from activity C
and follow the plan on the left.
INTRODUCTION
When did it happen?
Whe re did it happen?
Who were you with?
CONCLUSION
What happened in the end?
How did you feel?
Reported Speech
(Commands, Requests)
DIRE CT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
‘Use the bucket to
wash the car! Don’t
make a mess!’ my dad
said.
‘John, please turn
the TV off,’ George
said.
My dad told me to use
the bucket to wash the
car and not to make a
mess.
George asked John to
turn the TV off.
Go to pages 167-169 for extra grammar practice.
51
4c What went wrong?
2 ead
1 arm-up
Discuss.
A. Look at the picture and the subject of Jason Partridge’s blog. Why do you think his holiday went wrong? Listen, read and
check your answers.
• Which of the following do you think would ruin a holiday?
• Can you think of anything else?
missing a flight waiting for a delayed train forgetting your passport losing your suitcases
car breaking down getting sunburnt running out of money packing the wrong clothes
subject: A nightmare mini-holiday
by: Jason Partridge
date: 14th August
location: Home
Well, I thought this would be the best holiday,
but unfortunately, I’ve just come back from the
shortest cruise ever! From the moment we arrived
at the port, we knew it wasn’t going to be our
dream holiday.
The _irst thing I noticed was that most of the
people boarding the ship weren’t my age.
Secondly, the ship looked a lot less luxurious than
it did in the brochure. But the real shock came
when we were shown to our cabin. It was tiny, the
beds were uncomfortable and it had no windows!
So, my dad went to reception to try to get us a
better one. But unfortunately all the cabins were
full, so it was impossible for them to do anything.
Then things got worse. It was time for the ship
to sail when there was an announcement about
a two-hour delay. Of course, there were many
dissatis_ied passengers. The crew asked us
all to be patient, stay on board and enjoy our
lunch. But the service was terrible! They were
so disorganised it took us an hour to get our
lunch and it was completely tasteless. After that,
we went back to the cabin. My brother wanted
to have a shower but there was no water. So he
called reception to _ind out what the problem was.
It seems that they were having trouble with the
water supply!
We _inally left port, but things didn’t improve.
We hardly got any sleep that night and the next
day, when the ship made its _irst stop, we got o_
along with most of the other passengers and we
never went back. As I’m writing this, my dad is
writing a letter of complaint to the travel agency
asking for our money back.
52
3 ocabulary
4 isten
Form the opposites of the words in the box and complete the table. Then listen and check your answers.
NOTE: The opposites of many
English words are formed
by adding a negative
pre_ix (un-, dis-, im-, etc.)
to the words.
happy like polite agree possible comfortable pleasant organised healthy appear
patient successful satisfied
Listen to four people talking about their
holiday experiences and match them with the
statements. There is one extra statement which
you do not need to use.
5 peak
Talk in pairs. Tell your partner about a bad holiday
experience you’ve had. Use some of the ideas below.
Andrew
Rob
Greg
Mark
I missed part of my holiday.
I forgot to bring something.
I was dissatisfied with the service.
I almost ran out of money.
I got sunburnt badly.
un + adjective dis + verb or adjective im + adjective
unhappy dislike impolite
53
staying in a dirty hotel
getting lost
staying in a noisy area
getting sick
losing your wallet
B. Read again and answer the questions.
1. When did Jason and his family
first realise that their holiday was going
to turn out badly?
2. What happened when they saw their
cabin?
3. Why didn’t Jason and his family enjoy
their lunch?
4. Why did they call reception?
5. How did they end their cruise?
TIP! • If you don’t understand what your
partner is saying, ask him/her to repeat,
clarify or elaborate on what he/she said.
Use phrases like Could you repeat that
please?, I’m sorry but I didn’t understand
what you said, What do you mean by
that?, Can you be more specific?, Can you
give me any examples?, etc.
• If you want to know whether your
partner understands what you are
talking about or not, use phrases like Do
you understand?, Do you know what I
mean?, OK so far?, Are you with me?, etc.
4d
C HINA
Greeting in China is usually a slight nod and a
bow. Also, it is polite to off er a gift to a Chinese
host when you visit. However, hosts will often
refuse the gift many times before accepting it.
PERU
Raising your eyebrows in most countries is a
sign of surprise. But in Peru it means ‘money’
or ‘pay me’. So, if someone from Peru owes you
money, remember to raise your eyebrows.
INDI A
Be careful when you want to point at something
in India, because it is impolite to use your
fi nger. You should either signal to something
using your chin, or even bett er, your whole
hand. Also, in some places, you need to remove
your shoes. It’s considered rude behaviour if
you don’t. And if you off end someone, the best
way to say sorry is to tap the person on the
shoulder, then tap your forehead.
S AUDI AR ABIA
Many Saudis off er their guests a delicious
‘gahwa’, or Arabic coff ee, which they pour from
a special coff ee pot which is held high above the
guest’s cup. What most foreigners don’t
know is that your host will keep pouring
coff ee until you let him know
you don’t want any more. You
do this by shaking the cup from
side to side.
Going abroad
2 ead
A. Below are some travel tips. Listen and read.
1. Ted waved goodbye to Gordon.
2. My grandfather hugs me whenever he sees me.
3. Do people in your country shake hands when they
greet each other?
4. Hamid met his brother at the bus stop and they kissed
each other on the cheek.
5. Harry nodded to show that he agreed with Mark.
6. Japanese people bow when they want to greet
someone.
7. ‘There’s Harry,’ said Liam and pointed to a boy who
was walking past.
8. ‘Smile! I want to take your picture.’
1 ocabulary
Listen. What do the verbs in bold mean? Match them with the pictures a-h.
a b c d
e f g h
Before you travel to a foreign country, it is
a good idea to learn a few things about the
customs and gestures of the people. These
may be very diff erent from yours and if you
are not familiar with them, you might make
a fool of yourself or even get into trouble!
54
1. move something to a higher position
2. the part of your face above your eyes
3. have to give money to someone
because you borrowed it
4. make people understand by
sending a message or sign
5. the part of your face under your mouth
6. to be rude and unpleasant to somebody
7. to hit quickly and lightly with the fingers
C. Find words in the texts about Peru and
India that match the meanings below.
4 peak
Talk in pairs. Discuss which gestures you often use
with your family, friends, teachers and strangers.
When I meet my
friends, I usually...
I asked a man for
information about a
building and pointed
at it with my finger. He
looked very annoyed.
When I arrived, I gave
him a present, but he
didn’t want it. I had to
offer it again and again
until he finally took it.
It was my first month
there and I didn’t want
to bump into this person
because I owed him
money. But when I did,
he just looked really
surprised. Very strange.
3.
1.
When I held my cup
close to the coffee pot,
waiting for my host to
pour me some coffee,
he was shocked.
4.
2.
A. Listen and repeat. Notice the stressed words and how
the stress affects the meaning.
Jack tapped me on the shoulder.
(Jack, not his brother or anybody else)
Jack tapped me on the shoulder.
(He tapped me on the shoulder, not somewhere else)
3 ronunciation
B. Listen and repeat. Underline the stressed word in the
questions 1_3 and choose the correct answer.
1. Does Robert speak Spanish?
a. No, Pedro speaks Spanish.
b. No, Robert speaks Italian.
2. Did Mr Lee shake hands with you?
a. No, Mr Davis shook hands with me.
b. No, Mr Lee shook hands with Tom.
3. Are you going to London on Thursday?
a. No, my brother is going to London on Thursday.
b. No, I’m going to London on Friday.
1. ‘Gahwa’ is served in small cups.
2. If you don’t make a specific gesture, your Saudi host won’t stop pouring you coffee.
3. Chinese people will only accept certain types of gifts.
4. There is a Peruvian facial expression which tells someone they owe money.
5. Never point at something with your whole hand in India.
6. Tapping an Indian person on the shoulder will offend him/her.
D. Read again and write T for True, F for False or NM for Not Mentioned.
B. Read the text again and the statements 1_4 and say where
the people travelled to.
55
4e Holiday plans
1 arm-up
Look at the advertisement below and discuss.
3 peak & rite
A. Below is an e-mail Matthew Fox sent to S.A.
Winter Travel Agency. Read it and answer the
questions. When it is possible, underline parts of
the letter to justify your answers.
1. Is Matthew writing to someone he knows?
2. Where did he find the advertisement?
3. Why is he writing this e-mail?
4. How many questions does he ask?
5. Which words/phrases does he use to list his questions?
6. What features make this e-mail semi-formal?
• If you were interested in this holiday, what else would
you like to know?
• How would you contact this travel agency?
Write to:
Mr Al-Hassan
S.A. Winter Travel Agency,
34 Corniche Street
Jeddah 21411
• Available all winter!
• Unbelievable prices!
• Beginner slopes and
experienced mountain
climbing instructors
available
• Special offers for groups!
• Five amazing resorts!
The choice is yours!
2 isten
Listen to a man calling S.A. Winter Travel Agency
for some information and complete his notes.
Mountain climbin g info
• Weekend price: per person
• Special
offer: Group of 11: cheaper
• Resorts in
• Lesson with instructor: lasts
costs
Dear Mr Al-Hassan,
I was very excited to see your
advertisement about Active Winter Breaks
in Saudi Arabia in a local newspaper. I’m
thinking of giving it a try, so I’m writing to
ask for more information.
Firstly, can you tell me about the group
special offer? What is the minimum number
of people required per group? I would like
to come with some friends, but I don’t
know the exact number yet. Also, could you
tell me during which months the mountain
climbing holidays are available? We are
thinking of coming at the end of February
or the beginning of March. Furthermore,
do you provide any equipment or do I
have to buy it and pay extra? This is my
first mountain climbing trip so I don’t own
any. Lastly, could you let me know what
facilities are available at the resorts?
Looking forward to your reply,
Matthew Fox
WINTER
BREAKS
ACTIVE
ENJOY T HE SCE N ERY OF TH E S A RAWAT
M OUNTAI NS AND THE EXCITE MEN T
OF A WI NTER HOLIDAY!
56
When you’re writing a semi-formal e-mail asking
for information, follow the plan below. Remember
to write in a semi-formal style and do not use
over-friendly forms.
C. Read the plan below.
1. Hey Mr Frank Jones,
2. I saw your ad in a mag
and I’d like some info.
3. Oh, and lastly, send me
some photos, OK?
4. Write back soon.
Yours,
Bill Dale
E. ROLE PLAY
Go to page 63.
D. Below are parts of a semi-formal e-mail. Not all the
words/phrases are appropriate. Rewrite them in an
appropriate style.
CLOSING PARAGRAPH
End by thanking the person and mentioning that
you’d like a reply as soon as possible.
• Thank you for your time.
• I look forward to hearing from you.
• Please send me a reply with any information as soon
as possible.
SIGNING OFF
Use a semi-formal signature ending.
• Many thanks,
• Best wishes,
F. Look at the advertisement on page 63 and write an e-mail
to Tomkins Travel Agency to ask for information about
the holiday. Follow the plan in activity C. First, go to the
Workbook p.128 and complete the writing plan.
GREETING
• Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms + surname,
OPENING PARAGRAPH
Begin by saying where you saw the advertisement
and why you’re writing. Use phrases like:
• I saw your advertisement in... and I was interested in...
• I am writing to ask for more information about...
• I would like some information about...
• I was wondering...
MAIN PART
Ask for information in a semi-formal and polite way.
Remember to use:
linking words/phrases to list your questions:
firstly, first of all, to begin with, secondly, furthermore,
also, in addition, what is more, apart from that, finally,
lastly, etc.
indirect questions
appropriate phrases to express enthusiasm
• I was excited to see/hear...
ON MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA
SummerBreaks
B. Read the information below. Then read the direct
questions 1_4 and form indirect questions.
In semi-formal e-mails, try not to use direct questions
too often. It is more polite to use indirect questions.
Indirect questions begin with phrases like:
Can / Could / Would you tell me...?
Can / Could / Would you inform me...?
Can / Could / Would you let me know...?
Do you know...?
In indirect questions, the word order is the same as in
affirmative sentences and the tenses do not change.
1. How much does it cost?
Would you please inform me
?
2. Where is the indoor swimming pool?
Do you know
?
3. How many rooms have air-conditioning?
Can you tell me
?
4. What type of extreme sports will I be able to do there?
Could you let me know
?
DIR ECT QUESTIONS INDIRECT QUESTIONS
• Where is the hotel? • Do you know where the
hotel is?
TIP! Don’t forget to revise your drafts
and edit your writing. Check
punctuation, capital letters, spelling,
word order, grammar, vocabulary,
linking words, set phrases, as well
as the layout of the e-mail (date,
addresses, block paragraphs) and the
style (formal language, appropriate
greetings and signature endings, etc.).
57
4 Round-up
ocabulary
ommunication
a. It’s a good laugh.
b. Well, I like to paint from time to time.
c. That’s disgusting.
d. So, take your time.
e. Don’t talk nonsense.
f. No, I’d make a fool of myself.
g. Take a break.
Steve Are you painting a picture, Todd?
Todd Yes, but it’s not very good.
Steve (1) It’s great.
Todd Do you think so?
Steve Yes, I didn’t know you were an artist.
Todd (2)
Steve You should have your own exhibition.
Todd (3)
Steve Don’t be silly. Actually, there’s a competition at the
Town Hall every year. You should enter.
Todd But I haven’t finished this painting yet.
Steve The competition isn’t until the summer. (4)
E. Complete the dialogue with the phrases a-g. There are
three extra phrases which you do not need to use.
A. Complete with the correct form of the words in capitals.
1. What’s that smell? PLEASANT
2. Don’t you know it’s to stare at other
people? POLITE
3. Some people think this book is boring, but
I . AGREE
4. Tidy up your desk! You can be so
sometimes. ORGANISE
5. This chair is . Can I sit on the sofa?
COMFORTABLE
6. Don’t be . The documentary will start
soon. PATIENT
B. Circle the correct words.
1. Billy and I had a(n) luxurious / enjoyable walk by
the sea.
2. I hate wasting / taking my time in shopping centres.
3. We were an hour late so we delayed / missed our _light.
4. Ted greeted / waved goodbye and boarded the ship.
5. I was sunbathing almost every day, so I got a nice
tie / tan.
6. Darren left his sunglasses in the cabin / brochure, so
he went to get them.
7. Greg might win the competition. I think he made a
good impression / announcement on the judges.
8. Can you pour / run out some tea for me, please?
9. ‘There’s my brother’, said Mahmud and nodded /
pointed to a boy who was waiting for the bus.
Score: / 6
Score: / 9
rammar
C. Rewrite the sentences using Reported Speech.
1. ‘Please help me find my suitcase,’ Emma said to us.
Emma asked us
2. ‘Don’t move the furniture!’ Gina said to Mary.
Gina told Mary
3. ‘Don’t go backpacking,’ Ian said.
Ian told us
4. ‘Don’t forget your passport!’ Saleh told Sami.
Saleh told Sami
5. ‘Go to Paris in December,’ my cousin said.
My cousin told me
6. ‘Stay in your cabin, please,’ the crew member said.
The crew member asked me
Score: / 12
D. Read the direct questions and form indirect questions.
1. How dangerous is that slope?
Do you know ?
2. What time does the travel agency close?
Could you tell me ?
3. Which bus goes to Banbury?
Can ?
4. Where will I find souvenirs?
Do you ?
5. Who is that young man?
Could ?
6. Where is the library?
Can ?
7. What time does the train leave?
Could ?
8. Who wrote that poem?
Do you ?
9. Why are you late again?
Can ?
10. How often does Carlos have an English lesson?
Do you ?
Score: / 10
Score: / 8
58
rite
Write some sentences about a role model of yours.
Think of reasons why this person is so great.
peak
Talk in pairs. Use the ideas in the box and make sentences. You should use so and your partner should use such.
TOTAL SCORE: / 55
Score: / 5
T h e per fec t h olid ay
Are you k een on travelling around the (1) ?
You just need a backpack and your favour ite thobe.
A (2) holiday, or maybe a cruise?
What ever you choose, you’ve go t nothin g to lose.
Take a s easide holid ay and get a good (3) .
Explore (4) life – it can be so much fun .
A (5) city tour is just the thin g for you
Sit back, rela x an d enjoy the view.
Pick a location from a holiday (6)
Pack your bags: you’ll have fun, that ’s for sure.
Complete the rhyme with the words in the box. Then listen and check your answers.
Score: / 5
The museum was so fascinating
that I went twice.
It was such a fascinating
museum that I went twice.
fascinating museum / go twice
expensive house / can’t buy
impressive palace / everyone take pictures
crowded shopping centre / can’t park
amazing holiday / don’t want / leave
boring documentary / can’t keep my eyes open
room / tiny / can’t breathe
report what other people have said
give an account of a true event
talk about different types of holiday
talk about misfortunes
talk about cultural differences
write a semi-formal letter asking for information
Now I can…
...is such an amazing person that…
…is so helpful that…
backpacking tan guided brochure globe marine
59
4 Culture Page
A. Look at the picture and the title of the text. Do you know anything about this place? Listen, read and check your answers.
B. Read again and answer the questions.
1. What’s the relationship between Madain Saleh and Petra?
2. How old are the ruins in Madain Saleh?
3. What happened in 2008?
4. Why are the decorations on each monument different?
5. How can you get to Madain Saleh?
The desert valley of Al-Hijr, which means ‘rocky
place’, is reason enough to attract visitors.
But there’s more to it than just the peaceful
sandstone scenery. A hidden stone city called
Madain Saleh lies in this impressive area, some
320 km from Madinah. Madain Saleh is the
second most important ancient site in the area,
after the Nabatean capital city of Petra, Jordan,
and includes over 130 Nabatean monuments
carved in rock.
Dating back to the 1st century CE, Madain
Saleh’s pre-Islamic ruins have stood the test of
time. 2000 years did almost nothing to a_fect
Madain Saleh’s beauty, perhaps for reasons such
as the dry climate and its location. Instead, the
site paints a very clear picture of the Nabatean
Kingdom and its people’s lifestyle. Because it
is in such perfect condition, in 2008 UNESCO
declared it a World Heritage Site, which was
Madain Saleh the _irst time the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was
o_fered this honour.
It’s interesting that the decoration and front
part of the family monuments are different,
according to each family’s position in society.
The largest and best-known monuments are
those of Al-Fareed, which is the symbol of
Madain Saleh, and Al-Sanai. Another popular
place is Qasr Al-Fahad, the first place you find
if you are travelling from the north and which
offered travellers fresh water. Finally,
Al-Khurimat and Al-Khasraf complexes are
really worth visiting.
Visitors can get to Madain Saleh from Madinah
Airport, Hail Airport or Al-Wajh Airport, and the
government has plans to build a local airport to
make travelling to the site easier. Saudi Arabian
Airlines offer frequent flights and there are
special offers when you book in advance.
60
61
Pair work activities
tudent A
B. Ask Student B questions. Complete the table below and try to guess what the inventions are.
MADE OF INVENTED BY INVENTED IN USED TO
metal, plastic
Alexander
Graham Bell
1876
communicate
with people
metal, glass,
plastic
Elisha Otis 1852
go up and down
in a building
metal
Wilbur and
Orville Wright
1903 _ly
MADE OF INVENTED BY INVENTED IN USED TO
?
?
?
A. Look at the information in the table below and answer Student B’s questions so that he/she can guess the
inventions. Use the Passive Voice.
What’s it made of?
It’s made of...
Who was it...?
It was...
When was it...?
It was...
What’s it used for?
It’s used to...
TELEPHONE
LIFT
PLANE
1d
nviting
STUDENT A
Imagine you’re organising a day trip. Invite your
partner, make suggestions about where you can
go and what you can do, and make arrangements
about when and where to meet. Use phrases like:
STUDENT B
Accept Student A’s invitation. Discuss where you can go
and what you can do and make arrangements about when
and where to meet. Use phrases like:
Would you like to come/go to...?
How about coming/going...?
We can/could...
Let’s...
I’d love to come. Thanks.
Sounds like fun. Sure. Why not?
I don’t really like... Why don’t we...?
What do you think about...?
No, let’s not... Let’s...
2b
62
Pair work activities
STUDENT A
Choose one of the situations below. Describe your problem to Student B, say how you feel and ask him/her for advice.
Use some of the expressions given. Then swap roles.
The problem is...
I’ve got a problem with...
I feel...
Can you please give me some advice?
What should I do?
What would you do if you were me?
I think you should/shouldn’t...
If I were you, I’d...
It would be a good idea to...
Don’t worry, we’ll think of something.
Everything will be _ine.
STUDENT B
Listen to Student A’s problem and give him/her advice.
Use some of the expressions given. Then swap roles.
Your best
friend copies
your homework
all the time.
Your friend
is very upset
because you
forgot to go
to his/her
graduation.
Your best friend
borrows things all the
time, and never gives
them back.
Your best friend’s
brother/sister hangs out
with the two of you all
the time, and you think
he’s/she’s annoying.
Your best friend made
his/her own clothes,
and thinks they’re
really cool. You think
they look ridiculous.
3c roblem olving
63
cost for 1 week?
any special offers in August?
which sports?
minimum age for sports?
Tomkins Travel Agency.
Hello. I’m calling to ask for some
information about summer breaks at...
Of course. How may I help you?
Could you tell me...?
Look at the holiday advertisement.
STUDENT A
You work for Tomkins Travel Agency and know all
about the holiday breaks on Margarita Island. Answer
Student B’s questions.
STUDENT B
You are interested in the holiday so you call Student A
to ask for information. Ask about the following using
Indirect questions.
Write to: Tomkins Travel Agency, 37 Cresswell Street,
Newcastle, NE7 4JB
Contact Mr Frank Smith
4e OLE LAY
Unbelievable prices!
Lots of amazing resorts near
the beach: Playa El Yaque!
Extreme water sports
available
Come to this
beautiful Caribbean
island and enjoy
the excitement of a
summer holiday!
B. Look at the information in the table below and answer Student A’s questions so that he/she can guess the inventions. Use
the Passive Voice.
MADE OF INVENTED BY INVENTED IN USED TO
metal, plastic
Willis Haviland
Carrier
1902
keep a room
cool or warm
metal, plastic
Nathaniel
Baldwin
1910
listen to the
radio
metal, plastic,
glass
Percy
Spencer
1947 heat/cook food
quickly
AIR CONDITIONER
What’s it made of?
It’s made of...
Who was it...?
It was...
When was it...?
It was...
What’s it used for?
It’s used to...
HEADPHONES
MICROWAVE OVEN
MADE OF INVENTED BY INVENTED IN USED TO
?
?
?
tudent B
A. Ask Student A questions. Complete the table below and try to guess what the inventions are.
1d
ON MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA
SummerBreaks
64
GGrraammmmaarr RReeffeerreennccee
Module 1
can/could/may/will/would
• We use Can I...?, Could I...?, May I...? to ask for, give and
refuse permission.
Can/Could/May I go to the park?
Yes, you can/may.
No, you can’t/may not.
• We use Can I...?, Could I...?, May I...? to offer help and make
requests.
Can/Could/May I help you?
Can/Could/May I have some more cake?
• We use Can/Could/Will/Would you...? to make polite
requests and ask for a favour. Could and Would are more
polite.
Can/Could/Will/Would you help me with my homework?
must/have to/need (to)/can’t
• We use must and have to to express obligation.
I must buy Todd a present for his graduation.
You have to be at work by 8:30.
• We use need to to express necessity.
I need to talk to you.
• We use don’t have to, don’t need to and needn’t to
express lack of necessity/obligation.
You don’t have to go out with them if you don’t like them.
You don’t need to give me back the money.
She needn’t buy me a present.
• We use mustn’t and can’t to express prohibition.
You mustn’t/can’t speak during the lesson.
Need means that something is necessary. It is
used:
• as a main verb in all tenses, in the a__irmative,
negative and question form. It is followed by a
full in_initive and forms the negative and
question form with auxiliary verbs.
• as a modal verb only in the negative and
question form of the Present Simple. It is
followed by a bare in_initive and forms the
negative and question form without auxiliary
verbs.
AFFIRMATIVE
I need to go
He/She/It needs to go
We/You/They need to go
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
I don’t need to go
He/She/It doesn’t need to go
We/You/They don’t need to go
I
He/She/It needn’t go
We/You/They
Do I
Does he/she/it need to go?
Do we/you/they
I
Need he/she/it go?
we/you/they
Formation
The Passive Voice is formed with the verb be in the
appropriate form and the past participle of the verb of the
sentence. The person who causes or carries out the action
is called an agent and is preceded by the preposition by.
NOTE: We usually omit the agent:
• when the action interests us more than the
agent.
• when we don’t know the agent.
• when it is easy to igure out who the agent is.
My bag was found! (by someone who we do not
know)
BMW cars are made in Germany. (by factory
workers)
Subject Verb Object
Mark wrote a letter.
A letter was written by Mark.
Passive Voice
Active Voice
Subject Verb Agent
Present Simple Passive
AFFIRMATIVE
I am
He/She/It is called/given
We/You/They are
NEGATIVE
I am not
He/She/It isn’t called/given
We/You/They aren’t
QUESTIONS
Am I
Is he/she/it called/given?
Are we/you/they
can/could/be able to
• We use can to express ability in the present.
The baby can speak.
• We use could to express ability in the past.
I could climb trees when I was young.
• Be able to expresses ability and forms all tenses. It is
mainly used in tenses where we cannot use can.
He’ll be able to play football on Thursday.
may/might/could
• We use may, might and could to express possibility in
the present or future. Might expresses slight possibility.
We may/might/could go to the Summer Festival next
weekend.
NOTE: We use may not/might not to express lack of
possibility in the present or future.
Henry may not/might not be able to join us.
must/can’t
Must and can’t express a logical deduction and refer to
the present.
• We use must to express a positive deduction.
Ammar has been working all day. He must be tired.
• We use can’t to express a negative deduction.
Tom can’t be at home. I saw him at the bus stop _ive
minutes ago.
Passive Voice
Use
We use the Passive Voice to emphasise the action rather
than who or what is responsible for it.
NOTE: • To express obligation in the past, we use had to.
• To express obligation in the future, we use will
have to.
65
Past Simple Passive
AFFIRMATIVE
I/He/She/It was called/given
We/You/They were
NEGATIVE
I/He/She/It wasn’t called/given
We/You/They weren’t
QUESTIONS
Was I/he/she/it called/given?
Were we/you/they
Module 2
The article ‘the’
‘the’ is used:
• for somebody or something specific or already mentioned.
A: There’s a new car in the street.
B: Yes, it’s the car I bought yesterday.
• for things that are unique.
the Earth, the Pyramids
• with the superlative of adjectives/adverbs.
Ameer is the best student of all.
My brother paints the most beautifully of all.
• before names of seas, rivers, oceans and deserts.
the Red Sea, the Thames, the Indian Ocean, the An-Nafud
Desert
• before groups of islands, mountain ranges and countries in
the plural.
the Azores, the Alps, the Netherlands
• before nationalities, when we refer to the whole nation.
The Chinese invented paper thousands of years ago.
• before people’s surnames, when we refer to the whole family.
The Simpsons came to see us last night.
• before names of hotels, restaurants and newspapers.
the Ritz, the Kabab Palace, the Arab News
• before the cardinal points.
Sussex is to the south of London.
‘the’ is not used:
• before names of people, streets, islands, mountains, cities,
countries and continents.
Hamid Ahmed, Olaya Street, Corsica, Buraydah,
Saudi Arabia, Africa
• before names of days and months.
on Monday / in July
• before plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns
when we are talking about something in general.
Tigers are wild animals.
My brother likes chocolate.
• before abstract nouns (hope, beauty, etc.).
You mustn’t lose hope.
• before names of magazines, sports, games, colours and
languages (when they are not followed by the word
language).
I buy ‘Sports Now’ every week.
I like playing tennis.
Khaled’s favourite colour is green.
They speak Arabic.
NOTE: We can use the verb help with a bare or full
in_initive.
I always help my brother do his homework.
I always help my brother to do his homework.
Infinitive
We use the full infinitive (to + base form of the verb):
• to express purpose.
He went to the supermarket to buy some orange juice.
• after certain verbs: want, would like, would love, decide,
forget, learn, teach, need, plan, promise, try, hope, manage,
arrange, choose, offer, refuse, expect.
I decided to buy a house near the sea.
• with too and enough.
This coffee is too hot to drink.
• After the structure it + be + adjective.
It’s difficult to understand this text.
• After certain adjectives: afraid, surprised, free, happy, ready,
sorry.
James was happy to see his best friend after all those years.
We use the bare infinitive (base form of verb without to):
• after modal verbs (can, could, will, would, should, may,
might, must).
Will you stop talking?
You must visit the doctor today.
• after the verbs let and make.
He makes me study all the time.
Dad, let me go to the park, please!
• before names of squares, parks and lakes.
Trafalgar Square, Salam Park, Lake Winnipeg
• before the words hospital, school, work, home, bed, prison
and university when they are used for the purpose for
which they exist.
Abdul-Rahman was tired and went to bed.
• before the words breakfast, lunch and dinner.
We went to grandma’s for lunch.
-ing form
We use the -ing form (base form of the verb + -ing) as a
noun. We use -ing forms:
• as subjects.
Exercising is a healthy habit.
• after certain verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer,
continue, stop, finish, start, keep, avoid, begin, imagine,
practise, suggest, risk, spend (time).
Keep going and you’ll find the post office.
• after certain expressions: don’t mind, can’t stand, be
interested in, it’s worth, how about, can’t help, feel like.
I can’t stand being ill.
• after prepositions.
We use a toothbrush for brushing our teeth.
• after the verb go to indicate activities.
I go swimming every weekend.
66
Grammar Reference
NOTE: • The verbs like, dislike, love, hate, start, begin
are followed by a full in_initive or an -ing form
without any signi_icant di_ference in meaning.
I like having/to have lunch in the garden.
• The verbs stop and remember are followed
either by a full in_initive or an -ing form, but
with a di_ferent meaning.
Mahdi stopped watching TV. (=Mahdi no longer
watches TV.)
Mahdi stopped to watch TV. (=Mahdi stopped
what he was doing in order to watch TV.)
I remember locking the door. (=I locked the door.
I remember the action.)
I remembered to lock the door. (=I didn’t forget
to lock the door.)
a What an adventure!
1 arm-up 2 ead
Look at the types of holiday below and discuss.
• What does each of these types of holiday involve?
• What kind of holiday do you usually go on?
• Which of these have you never been on but would like to try? Why?
A. Look at the pictures.
What do you think
these people like doing
during their holidays?
Listen, read and check
your answers.
Not everyone enjoys a relaxing holiday around a pool getting a tan. Andy
Thomas interviews two people who have a di_ erent view on what a holiday is.
And you call that a holiday?
I was looking forward to chatting with Eric Reid because,
like me, he is an experienced scuba diver. But in the
end, there was a big difference between us. You see, I
wasn’t very keen on the company he kept underwater.
Eric loves interacting with marine life. Every summer
he books a holiday somewhere new in the world just to
swim in different marine environments. He’s swum with
humpback whales in the Antarctic and black tip reef
sharks in the Bahamas. He says that his most enjoyable
trip was to Mexico where he swam with whale sharks.
‘They are the largest fish in the world, but they aren’t
dangerous,’ Eric said. Personally, I’d prefer not to find
out. For his next trip he has made the decision to travel
to Darwin, Australia, where he’s going to swim with
crocodiles. Send us a postcard, Eric!
camping holiday holiday by the seaside
skiing trip guided city tour
backpackin g holiday cruise safari
Oliver Mason looks like any other teacher and makes
such a good impression in his smart shirt and tie
that you’ll never believe he has an unusual burning
passion for volcanoes. Whenever he has some free
time, he travels to a new volcano to explore. He finds
them so fascinating that he has travelled the globe
visiting them. His favourite location is Mauna Loa in
Hawaii, where the biggest active volcano in the world
is. ‘Active volcanoes are much more interesting. Also,
there are many activities you can do at volcanoes.
I’ve just come back from an unforgettable trip to
Nicaragua where I went volcano surfing down the side
of a volcano!’ said Oliver. That’s pretty dangerous,
even with safety equipment. Well, volcanoes may be
exciting, but they’re not for everyone, that’s for sure.
B. Read again and complete the summaries about the two people.
Oliver Mason is a (1) who is really interested in (2) . His
favourite one is still (3) and it’s the (4) in the world. It’s in
(5) . Apart from exploring, Oliver likes doing different (6) .
When he was in (7) , he tried volcano (8) .
Eric Reid loves (9) and he’s very experienced. He spends his (10)
holidays in places where he can swim in (11) . When he was in (12) ,
he swam with (13) , which are the (14) fish in the world. He
has recently made plans to visit (15) and swim with (16) .
48
Clauses of result
3 rammar
so + adjective/adverb + (that)
• The book was so boring that I didn’t read the
ending.
such + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun + (that)
• It was such a boring book that I didn’t read the
ending.
Complete with so or such.
1. The meal they served us was
delicious that we ate it immediately.
2. We had a good time in Taif
that we want to go again.
3. It was a big cake that we couldn’t eat
it all.
4. Omar has improved much at Maths
that he’s become one of the top students.
5. You’ve got nice boots that you don’t
need to buy new ones.
6. My best friend can cook well that I’m
sure he’ll become a chef.
C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
words in capitals. All the missing words are in the text.
4 isten
A. Listen to Jim talking to a friend about his last
holiday. What kind of holiday did he go on?
B. Listen again and write T for True or F for False.
5 peak
Talk in pairs. Think of a nice holiday you went
on and tell your partner all the reasons why you
liked it. Use the ideas in the box.
nice weather interesting sights
wonderful hotel beautiful beach
cheap souvenirs tasty food
friendly people exciting extreme sports
peaceful place
We went to Cairo last summer.
The weather was so nice that we
went to the beach every day.
Well, we went to Abha. The
people were so friendly that I
felt like I was at home.
Go to pages 164-166 for extra grammar practice.
1. Jim had never been to Africa before.
2. Jim spent a long time waiting around.
3. Jim borrowed his brother’s camera.
4. Jim was scared of the animals.
5. An elephant tried to get into Jim’s tent.
6. Jim wants to go on the same type of
holiday again.
1. I might go to Madinah next year, but I haven’t made
a yet. DECIDE
2. Please wear a helmet. It’s for your own
. SAFE
3. I got the that they didn’t
like my chocolate cake. IMPRESS
4. We spent an weekend by
the sea. ENJOY
5. Thomas and Jake spent a
evening watching DVDs. RELAX
6. Travelling to Peru was an
experience. FORGET
7. What’s the between a
backpacking and a camping holiday? DIFFERENT
49
1 ead
4b The great outdoors
A. Discuss.
• Have you ever spent time on a farm?
• Would you like to? Why?/Why not?
B. Look at the picture. What do you think happened to Bill? Listen to
the dialogue and check your answers. Then read it out in groups.
Tom You know what? I thought this agritourism would
be a boring way to spend my time.
Ali Me too. But actually it’s a good laugh.
Tom Yeah.
Ali Come on then, we can’t waste our time chatting.
There’s work to be done.
Tom But Farmer Ted told us to take a break.
Ali Did he? OK. Let’s take some pictures since we’ve
got some time to kill.
Tom But Bill’s not here. Where is he, by the way?
Ali Here he comes now. What happened to you?
Bill Why don’t you ask Tom?
Ali Did you do this, Tom?
Tom Don’t talk nonsense. Of course I didn’t. What are
you talking about, Bill?
Bill OK, this is what happened. Farmer Ted told me
to clean out the cowshed. So, I went to get a
bucket and spade from the shed. Then I saw Tom
passing by. Remember, Tom?
Tom Yes. You asked me to tell you where the cowshed
was.
Bill And you told me it was next to the farmhouse.
Tom It is... isn’t it?
Bill No. That’s Thunderbolt’s stable.
Ali Thunderbolt? The horse? Farmer Ted told us to
steer clear of him. He’s a wild one.
Bill I know, I know. I opened the door and it was quite
dark but I started cleaning anyway. The next
thing I knew, something kicked me and I fell over.
Tom Into some mud? Ewwww! That’s disgusting!
Ali Never mind. Let’s get you cleaned up.
Tom Please, Bill. Can I take a picture first?
C. Look at the phrases 1_5 from the dialogue and match them
with the meanings a-e.
D. Read again and answer the questions.
1. What kind of holiday are Ali, Bill and Tom on?
2. Who didn’t think they would enjoy the holiday?
3. Why aren’t Ali and Tom working at the moment?
4. What did Farmer Ted tell Bill to do?
5. Why is Bill angry with Tom?
6. What is next to the farmhouse?
7. What did Farmer Ted warn the kids about?
8. Why did Bill fall over?
1. It’s a good laugh
2. Don’t talk nonsense
3. Steer clear of
4. The next thing I knew
5. That’s disgusting
a. All of a sudden
b. That’s horrible
c. It’s fun
d. Avoid
e. Stop saying silly things
50
2 ocabulary
Listen. What do the expressions in bold mean? Match them with the definitions a-h.
1. My dad spends his free time making model planes.
2. Stop wasting your time playing computer games! Do something useful.
3. You’ve got until the weekend to finish the project, so take your time.
4. Arnold is really busy, but he’s going to try and make time to have coffee
with his friends.
5. My parents always give me a hard time when I don’t finish my homework.
6. My favourite sport is tennis, but I also play basketball from time to time.
7. We have some time to kill before lunch, so let’s go for a walk.
8. Don’t forget to wear your helmet at all times.
a. always
b. find the time to do
something
c. sometimes
d. pass the time
e. make someone’s life difficult
f. don’t hurry
g. not use your time wisely
h. have nothing to do
3 rammar
Rewrite the sentences using Reported Speech and the verbs given.
1. ‘Help me feed the horses, please,’ the farmer said to Darren.
ask
2. ‘Don’t give me a hard time,’ my brother said.
tell
3. ‘Please clean the mud off your shoes,’ Harry said to Mike.
ask
4. ‘Don’t move,’ the police officer said to the bank robber.
order
4 peak & rite
A. Imagine that you are Bill from the dialogue on
page 50. Describe to the class what happened to
you and how you felt.
B. Read the plan below.
When you’re writing an account of a true event,
remember to use the first person singular or plural
(I, We).
INTRODUCTION
Give some information about the setting of the
event (when and where it happened, who you
were with, etc.)
MAIN PART
Describe what happened. Remember to use Past
Tenses, linking words/phrases and expressions.
CONCLUSION
Describe how the event ended and make a short
comment on your experience.
C. Think of something that has happened to you or imagine
you’re Bill. Complete the notes below, making up any
information you need.
D. Write an account of a true event or imagine you’re Bill
and write what happened. Use your notes from activity C
and follow the plan on the left.
INTRODUCTION
When did it happen?
Whe re did it happen?
Who were you with?
CONCLUSION
What happened in the end?
How did you feel?
Reported Speech
(Commands, Requests)
DIRE CT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
‘Use the bucket to
wash the car! Don’t
make a mess!’ my dad
said.
‘John, please turn
the TV off,’ George
said.
My dad told me to use
the bucket to wash the
car and not to make a
mess.
George asked John to
turn the TV off.
Go to pages 167-169 for extra grammar practice.
51
4c What went wrong?
2 ead
1 arm-up
Discuss.
A. Look at the picture and the subject of Jason Partridge’s blog. Why do you think his holiday went wrong? Listen, read and
check your answers.
• Which of the following do you think would ruin a holiday?
• Can you think of anything else?
missing a flight waiting for a delayed train forgetting your passport losing your suitcases
car breaking down getting sunburnt running out of money packing the wrong clothes
subject: A nightmare mini-holiday
by: Jason Partridge
date: 14th August
location: Home
Well, I thought this would be the best holiday,
but unfortunately, I’ve just come back from the
shortest cruise ever! From the moment we arrived
at the port, we knew it wasn’t going to be our
dream holiday.
The _irst thing I noticed was that most of the
people boarding the ship weren’t my age.
Secondly, the ship looked a lot less luxurious than
it did in the brochure. But the real shock came
when we were shown to our cabin. It was tiny, the
beds were uncomfortable and it had no windows!
So, my dad went to reception to try to get us a
better one. But unfortunately all the cabins were
full, so it was impossible for them to do anything.
Then things got worse. It was time for the ship
to sail when there was an announcement about
a two-hour delay. Of course, there were many
dissatis_ied passengers. The crew asked us
all to be patient, stay on board and enjoy our
lunch. But the service was terrible! They were
so disorganised it took us an hour to get our
lunch and it was completely tasteless. After that,
we went back to the cabin. My brother wanted
to have a shower but there was no water. So he
called reception to _ind out what the problem was.
It seems that they were having trouble with the
water supply!
We _inally left port, but things didn’t improve.
We hardly got any sleep that night and the next
day, when the ship made its _irst stop, we got o_
along with most of the other passengers and we
never went back. As I’m writing this, my dad is
writing a letter of complaint to the travel agency
asking for our money back.
52
3 ocabulary
4 isten
Form the opposites of the words in the box and complete the table. Then listen and check your answers.
NOTE: The opposites of many
English words are formed
by adding a negative
pre_ix (un-, dis-, im-, etc.)
to the words.
happy like polite agree possible comfortable pleasant organised healthy appear
patient successful satisfied
Listen to four people talking about their
holiday experiences and match them with the
statements. There is one extra statement which
you do not need to use.
5 peak
Talk in pairs. Tell your partner about a bad holiday
experience you’ve had. Use some of the ideas below.
Andrew
Rob
Greg
Mark
I missed part of my holiday.
I forgot to bring something.
I was dissatisfied with the service.
I almost ran out of money.
I got sunburnt badly.
un + adjective dis + verb or adjective im + adjective
unhappy dislike impolite
53
staying in a dirty hotel
getting lost
staying in a noisy area
getting sick
losing your wallet
B. Read again and answer the questions.
1. When did Jason and his family
first realise that their holiday was going
to turn out badly?
2. What happened when they saw their
cabin?
3. Why didn’t Jason and his family enjoy
their lunch?
4. Why did they call reception?
5. How did they end their cruise?
TIP! • If you don’t understand what your
partner is saying, ask him/her to repeat,
clarify or elaborate on what he/she said.
Use phrases like Could you repeat that
please?, I’m sorry but I didn’t understand
what you said, What do you mean by
that?, Can you be more specific?, Can you
give me any examples?, etc.
• If you want to know whether your
partner understands what you are
talking about or not, use phrases like Do
you understand?, Do you know what I
mean?, OK so far?, Are you with me?, etc.
4d
C HINA
Greeting in China is usually a slight nod and a
bow. Also, it is polite to off er a gift to a Chinese
host when you visit. However, hosts will often
refuse the gift many times before accepting it.
PERU
Raising your eyebrows in most countries is a
sign of surprise. But in Peru it means ‘money’
or ‘pay me’. So, if someone from Peru owes you
money, remember to raise your eyebrows.
INDI A
Be careful when you want to point at something
in India, because it is impolite to use your
fi nger. You should either signal to something
using your chin, or even bett er, your whole
hand. Also, in some places, you need to remove
your shoes. It’s considered rude behaviour if
you don’t. And if you off end someone, the best
way to say sorry is to tap the person on the
shoulder, then tap your forehead.
S AUDI AR ABIA
Many Saudis off er their guests a delicious
‘gahwa’, or Arabic coff ee, which they pour from
a special coff ee pot which is held high above the
guest’s cup. What most foreigners don’t
know is that your host will keep pouring
coff ee until you let him know
you don’t want any more. You
do this by shaking the cup from
side to side.
Going abroad
2 ead
A. Below are some travel tips. Listen and read.
1. Ted waved goodbye to Gordon.
2. My grandfather hugs me whenever he sees me.
3. Do people in your country shake hands when they
greet each other?
4. Hamid met his brother at the bus stop and they kissed
each other on the cheek.
5. Harry nodded to show that he agreed with Mark.
6. Japanese people bow when they want to greet
someone.
7. ‘There’s Harry,’ said Liam and pointed to a boy who
was walking past.
8. ‘Smile! I want to take your picture.’
1 ocabulary
Listen. What do the verbs in bold mean? Match them with the pictures a-h.
a b c d
e f g h
Before you travel to a foreign country, it is
a good idea to learn a few things about the
customs and gestures of the people. These
may be very diff erent from yours and if you
are not familiar with them, you might make
a fool of yourself or even get into trouble!
54
1. move something to a higher position
2. the part of your face above your eyes
3. have to give money to someone
because you borrowed it
4. make people understand by
sending a message or sign
5. the part of your face under your mouth
6. to be rude and unpleasant to somebody
7. to hit quickly and lightly with the fingers
C. Find words in the texts about Peru and
India that match the meanings below.
4 peak
Talk in pairs. Discuss which gestures you often use
with your family, friends, teachers and strangers.
When I meet my
friends, I usually...
I asked a man for
information about a
building and pointed
at it with my finger. He
looked very annoyed.
When I arrived, I gave
him a present, but he
didn’t want it. I had to
offer it again and again
until he finally took it.
It was my first month
there and I didn’t want
to bump into this person
because I owed him
money. But when I did,
he just looked really
surprised. Very strange.
3.
1.
When I held my cup
close to the coffee pot,
waiting for my host to
pour me some coffee,
he was shocked.
4.
2.
A. Listen and repeat. Notice the stressed words and how
the stress affects the meaning.
Jack tapped me on the shoulder.
(Jack, not his brother or anybody else)
Jack tapped me on the shoulder.
(He tapped me on the shoulder, not somewhere else)
3 ronunciation
B. Listen and repeat. Underline the stressed word in the
questions 1_3 and choose the correct answer.
1. Does Robert speak Spanish?
a. No, Pedro speaks Spanish.
b. No, Robert speaks Italian.
2. Did Mr Lee shake hands with you?
a. No, Mr Davis shook hands with me.
b. No, Mr Lee shook hands with Tom.
3. Are you going to London on Thursday?
a. No, my brother is going to London on Thursday.
b. No, I’m going to London on Friday.
1. ‘Gahwa’ is served in small cups.
2. If you don’t make a specific gesture, your Saudi host won’t stop pouring you coffee.
3. Chinese people will only accept certain types of gifts.
4. There is a Peruvian facial expression which tells someone they owe money.
5. Never point at something with your whole hand in India.
6. Tapping an Indian person on the shoulder will offend him/her.
D. Read again and write T for True, F for False or NM for Not Mentioned.
B. Read the text again and the statements 1_4 and say where
the people travelled to.
55
4e Holiday plans
1 arm-up
Look at the advertisement below and discuss.
3 peak & rite
A. Below is an e-mail Matthew Fox sent to S.A.
Winter Travel Agency. Read it and answer the
questions. When it is possible, underline parts of
the letter to justify your answers.
1. Is Matthew writing to someone he knows?
2. Where did he find the advertisement?
3. Why is he writing this e-mail?
4. How many questions does he ask?
5. Which words/phrases does he use to list his questions?
6. What features make this e-mail semi-formal?
• If you were interested in this holiday, what else would
you like to know?
• How would you contact this travel agency?
Write to:
Mr Al-Hassan
S.A. Winter Travel Agency,
34 Corniche Street
Jeddah 21411
• Available all winter!
• Unbelievable prices!
• Beginner slopes and
experienced mountain
climbing instructors
available
• Special offers for groups!
• Five amazing resorts!
The choice is yours!
2 isten
Listen to a man calling S.A. Winter Travel Agency
for some information and complete his notes.
Mountain climbin g info
• Weekend price: per person
• Special
offer: Group of 11: cheaper
• Resorts in
• Lesson with instructor: lasts
costs
Dear Mr Al-Hassan,
I was very excited to see your
advertisement about Active Winter Breaks
in Saudi Arabia in a local newspaper. I’m
thinking of giving it a try, so I’m writing to
ask for more information.
Firstly, can you tell me about the group
special offer? What is the minimum number
of people required per group? I would like
to come with some friends, but I don’t
know the exact number yet. Also, could you
tell me during which months the mountain
climbing holidays are available? We are
thinking of coming at the end of February
or the beginning of March. Furthermore,
do you provide any equipment or do I
have to buy it and pay extra? This is my
first mountain climbing trip so I don’t own
any. Lastly, could you let me know what
facilities are available at the resorts?
Looking forward to your reply,
Matthew Fox
WINTER
BREAKS
ACTIVE
ENJOY T HE SCE N ERY OF TH E S A RAWAT
M OUNTAI NS AND THE EXCITE MEN T
OF A WI NTER HOLIDAY!
56
When you’re writing a semi-formal e-mail asking
for information, follow the plan below. Remember
to write in a semi-formal style and do not use
over-friendly forms.
C. Read the plan below.
1. Hey Mr Frank Jones,
2. I saw your ad in a mag
and I’d like some info.
3. Oh, and lastly, send me
some photos, OK?
4. Write back soon.
Yours,
Bill Dale
E. ROLE PLAY
Go to page 63.
D. Below are parts of a semi-formal e-mail. Not all the
words/phrases are appropriate. Rewrite them in an
appropriate style.
CLOSING PARAGRAPH
End by thanking the person and mentioning that
you’d like a reply as soon as possible.
• Thank you for your time.
• I look forward to hearing from you.
• Please send me a reply with any information as soon
as possible.
SIGNING OFF
Use a semi-formal signature ending.
• Many thanks,
• Best wishes,
F. Look at the advertisement on page 63 and write an e-mail
to Tomkins Travel Agency to ask for information about
the holiday. Follow the plan in activity C. First, go to the
Workbook p.128 and complete the writing plan.
GREETING
• Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms + surname,
OPENING PARAGRAPH
Begin by saying where you saw the advertisement
and why you’re writing. Use phrases like:
• I saw your advertisement in... and I was interested in...
• I am writing to ask for more information about...
• I would like some information about...
• I was wondering...
MAIN PART
Ask for information in a semi-formal and polite way.
Remember to use:
linking words/phrases to list your questions:
firstly, first of all, to begin with, secondly, furthermore,
also, in addition, what is more, apart from that, finally,
lastly, etc.
indirect questions
appropriate phrases to express enthusiasm
• I was excited to see/hear...
ON MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA
SummerBreaks
B. Read the information below. Then read the direct
questions 1_4 and form indirect questions.
In semi-formal e-mails, try not to use direct questions
too often. It is more polite to use indirect questions.
Indirect questions begin with phrases like:
Can / Could / Would you tell me...?
Can / Could / Would you inform me...?
Can / Could / Would you let me know...?
Do you know...?
In indirect questions, the word order is the same as in
affirmative sentences and the tenses do not change.
1. How much does it cost?
Would you please inform me
?
2. Where is the indoor swimming pool?
Do you know
?
3. How many rooms have air-conditioning?
Can you tell me
?
4. What type of extreme sports will I be able to do there?
Could you let me know
?
DIR ECT QUESTIONS INDIRECT QUESTIONS
• Where is the hotel? • Do you know where the
hotel is?
TIP! Don’t forget to revise your drafts
and edit your writing. Check
punctuation, capital letters, spelling,
word order, grammar, vocabulary,
linking words, set phrases, as well
as the layout of the e-mail (date,
addresses, block paragraphs) and the
style (formal language, appropriate
greetings and signature endings, etc.).
57
4 Round-up
ocabulary
ommunication
a. It’s a good laugh.
b. Well, I like to paint from time to time.
c. That’s disgusting.
d. So, take your time.
e. Don’t talk nonsense.
f. No, I’d make a fool of myself.
g. Take a break.
Steve Are you painting a picture, Todd?
Todd Yes, but it’s not very good.
Steve (1) It’s great.
Todd Do you think so?
Steve Yes, I didn’t know you were an artist.
Todd (2)
Steve You should have your own exhibition.
Todd (3)
Steve Don’t be silly. Actually, there’s a competition at the
Town Hall every year. You should enter.
Todd But I haven’t finished this painting yet.
Steve The competition isn’t until the summer. (4)
E. Complete the dialogue with the phrases a-g. There are
three extra phrases which you do not need to use.
A. Complete with the correct form of the words in capitals.
1. What’s that smell? PLEASANT
2. Don’t you know it’s to stare at other
people? POLITE
3. Some people think this book is boring, but
I . AGREE
4. Tidy up your desk! You can be so
sometimes. ORGANISE
5. This chair is . Can I sit on the sofa?
COMFORTABLE
6. Don’t be . The documentary will start
soon. PATIENT
B. Circle the correct words.
1. Billy and I had a(n) luxurious / enjoyable walk by
the sea.
2. I hate wasting / taking my time in shopping centres.
3. We were an hour late so we delayed / missed our _light.
4. Ted greeted / waved goodbye and boarded the ship.
5. I was sunbathing almost every day, so I got a nice
tie / tan.
6. Darren left his sunglasses in the cabin / brochure, so
he went to get them.
7. Greg might win the competition. I think he made a
good impression / announcement on the judges.
8. Can you pour / run out some tea for me, please?
9. ‘There’s my brother’, said Mahmud and nodded /
pointed to a boy who was waiting for the bus.
Score: / 6
Score: / 9
rammar
C. Rewrite the sentences using Reported Speech.
1. ‘Please help me find my suitcase,’ Emma said to us.
Emma asked us
2. ‘Don’t move the furniture!’ Gina said to Mary.
Gina told Mary
3. ‘Don’t go backpacking,’ Ian said.
Ian told us
4. ‘Don’t forget your passport!’ Saleh told Sami.
Saleh told Sami
5. ‘Go to Paris in December,’ my cousin said.
My cousin told me
6. ‘Stay in your cabin, please,’ the crew member said.
The crew member asked me
Score: / 12
D. Read the direct questions and form indirect questions.
1. How dangerous is that slope?
Do you know ?
2. What time does the travel agency close?
Could you tell me ?
3. Which bus goes to Banbury?
Can ?
4. Where will I find souvenirs?
Do you ?
5. Who is that young man?
Could ?
6. Where is the library?
Can ?
7. What time does the train leave?
Could ?
8. Who wrote that poem?
Do you ?
9. Why are you late again?
Can ?
10. How often does Carlos have an English lesson?
Do you ?
Score: / 10
Score: / 8
58
rite
Write some sentences about a role model of yours.
Think of reasons why this person is so great.
peak
Talk in pairs. Use the ideas in the box and make sentences. You should use so and your partner should use such.
TOTAL SCORE: / 55
Score: / 5
T h e per fec t h olid ay
Are you k een on travelling around the (1) ?
You just need a backpack and your favour ite thobe.
A (2) holiday, or maybe a cruise?
What ever you choose, you’ve go t nothin g to lose.
Take a s easide holid ay and get a good (3) .
Explore (4) life – it can be so much fun .
A (5) city tour is just the thin g for you
Sit back, rela x an d enjoy the view.
Pick a location from a holiday (6)
Pack your bags: you’ll have fun, that ’s for sure.
Complete the rhyme with the words in the box. Then listen and check your answers.
Score: / 5
The museum was so fascinating
that I went twice.
It was such a fascinating
museum that I went twice.
fascinating museum / go twice
expensive house / can’t buy
impressive palace / everyone take pictures
crowded shopping centre / can’t park
amazing holiday / don’t want / leave
boring documentary / can’t keep my eyes open
room / tiny / can’t breathe
report what other people have said
give an account of a true event
talk about different types of holiday
talk about misfortunes
talk about cultural differences
write a semi-formal letter asking for information
Now I can…
...is such an amazing person that…
…is so helpful that…
backpacking tan guided brochure globe marine
59
4 Culture Page
A. Look at the picture and the title of the text. Do you know anything about this place? Listen, read and check your answers.
B. Read again and answer the questions.
1. What’s the relationship between Madain Saleh and Petra?
2. How old are the ruins in Madain Saleh?
3. What happened in 2008?
4. Why are the decorations on each monument different?
5. How can you get to Madain Saleh?
The desert valley of Al-Hijr, which means ‘rocky
place’, is reason enough to attract visitors.
But there’s more to it than just the peaceful
sandstone scenery. A hidden stone city called
Madain Saleh lies in this impressive area, some
320 km from Madinah. Madain Saleh is the
second most important ancient site in the area,
after the Nabatean capital city of Petra, Jordan,
and includes over 130 Nabatean monuments
carved in rock.
Dating back to the 1st century CE, Madain
Saleh’s pre-Islamic ruins have stood the test of
time. 2000 years did almost nothing to a_fect
Madain Saleh’s beauty, perhaps for reasons such
as the dry climate and its location. Instead, the
site paints a very clear picture of the Nabatean
Kingdom and its people’s lifestyle. Because it
is in such perfect condition, in 2008 UNESCO
declared it a World Heritage Site, which was
Madain Saleh the _irst time the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was
o_fered this honour.
It’s interesting that the decoration and front
part of the family monuments are different,
according to each family’s position in society.
The largest and best-known monuments are
those of Al-Fareed, which is the symbol of
Madain Saleh, and Al-Sanai. Another popular
place is Qasr Al-Fahad, the first place you find
if you are travelling from the north and which
offered travellers fresh water. Finally,
Al-Khurimat and Al-Khasraf complexes are
really worth visiting.
Visitors can get to Madain Saleh from Madinah
Airport, Hail Airport or Al-Wajh Airport, and the
government has plans to build a local airport to
make travelling to the site easier. Saudi Arabian
Airlines offer frequent flights and there are
special offers when you book in advance.
60
61
Pair work activities
tudent A
B. Ask Student B questions. Complete the table below and try to guess what the inventions are.
MADE OF INVENTED BY INVENTED IN USED TO
metal, plastic
Alexander
Graham Bell
1876
communicate
with people
metal, glass,
plastic
Elisha Otis 1852
go up and down
in a building
metal
Wilbur and
Orville Wright
1903 _ly
MADE OF INVENTED BY INVENTED IN USED TO
?
?
?
A. Look at the information in the table below and answer Student B’s questions so that he/she can guess the
inventions. Use the Passive Voice.
What’s it made of?
It’s made of...
Who was it...?
It was...
When was it...?
It was...
What’s it used for?
It’s used to...
TELEPHONE
LIFT
PLANE
1d
nviting
STUDENT A
Imagine you’re organising a day trip. Invite your
partner, make suggestions about where you can
go and what you can do, and make arrangements
about when and where to meet. Use phrases like:
STUDENT B
Accept Student A’s invitation. Discuss where you can go
and what you can do and make arrangements about when
and where to meet. Use phrases like:
Would you like to come/go to...?
How about coming/going...?
We can/could...
Let’s...
I’d love to come. Thanks.
Sounds like fun. Sure. Why not?
I don’t really like... Why don’t we...?
What do you think about...?
No, let’s not... Let’s...
2b
62
Pair work activities
STUDENT A
Choose one of the situations below. Describe your problem to Student B, say how you feel and ask him/her for advice.
Use some of the expressions given. Then swap roles.
The problem is...
I’ve got a problem with...
I feel...
Can you please give me some advice?
What should I do?
What would you do if you were me?
I think you should/shouldn’t...
If I were you, I’d...
It would be a good idea to...
Don’t worry, we’ll think of something.
Everything will be _ine.
STUDENT B
Listen to Student A’s problem and give him/her advice.
Use some of the expressions given. Then swap roles.
Your best
friend copies
your homework
all the time.
Your friend
is very upset
because you
forgot to go
to his/her
graduation.
Your best friend
borrows things all the
time, and never gives
them back.
Your best friend’s
brother/sister hangs out
with the two of you all
the time, and you think
he’s/she’s annoying.
Your best friend made
his/her own clothes,
and thinks they’re
really cool. You think
they look ridiculous.
3c roblem olving
63
cost for 1 week?
any special offers in August?
which sports?
minimum age for sports?
Tomkins Travel Agency.
Hello. I’m calling to ask for some
information about summer breaks at...
Of course. How may I help you?
Could you tell me...?
Look at the holiday advertisement.
STUDENT A
You work for Tomkins Travel Agency and know all
about the holiday breaks on Margarita Island. Answer
Student B’s questions.
STUDENT B
You are interested in the holiday so you call Student A
to ask for information. Ask about the following using
Indirect questions.
Write to: Tomkins Travel Agency, 37 Cresswell Street,
Newcastle, NE7 4JB
Contact Mr Frank Smith
4e OLE LAY
Unbelievable prices!
Lots of amazing resorts near
the beach: Playa El Yaque!
Extreme water sports
available
Come to this
beautiful Caribbean
island and enjoy
the excitement of a
summer holiday!
B. Look at the information in the table below and answer Student A’s questions so that he/she can guess the inventions. Use
the Passive Voice.
MADE OF INVENTED BY INVENTED IN USED TO
metal, plastic
Willis Haviland
Carrier
1902
keep a room
cool or warm
metal, plastic
Nathaniel
Baldwin
1910
listen to the
radio
metal, plastic,
glass
Percy
Spencer
1947 heat/cook food
quickly
AIR CONDITIONER
What’s it made of?
It’s made of...
Who was it...?
It was...
When was it...?
It was...
What’s it used for?
It’s used to...
HEADPHONES
MICROWAVE OVEN
MADE OF INVENTED BY INVENTED IN USED TO
?
?
?
tudent B
A. Ask Student A questions. Complete the table below and try to guess what the inventions are.
1d
ON MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA
SummerBreaks
64
GGrraammmmaarr RReeffeerreennccee
Module 1
can/could/may/will/would
• We use Can I...?, Could I...?, May I...? to ask for, give and
refuse permission.
Can/Could/May I go to the park?
Yes, you can/may.
No, you can’t/may not.
• We use Can I...?, Could I...?, May I...? to offer help and make
requests.
Can/Could/May I help you?
Can/Could/May I have some more cake?
• We use Can/Could/Will/Would you...? to make polite
requests and ask for a favour. Could and Would are more
polite.
Can/Could/Will/Would you help me with my homework?
must/have to/need (to)/can’t
• We use must and have to to express obligation.
I must buy Todd a present for his graduation.
You have to be at work by 8:30.
• We use need to to express necessity.
I need to talk to you.
• We use don’t have to, don’t need to and needn’t to
express lack of necessity/obligation.
You don’t have to go out with them if you don’t like them.
You don’t need to give me back the money.
She needn’t buy me a present.
• We use mustn’t and can’t to express prohibition.
You mustn’t/can’t speak during the lesson.
Need means that something is necessary. It is
used:
• as a main verb in all tenses, in the a__irmative,
negative and question form. It is followed by a
full in_initive and forms the negative and
question form with auxiliary verbs.
• as a modal verb only in the negative and
question form of the Present Simple. It is
followed by a bare in_initive and forms the
negative and question form without auxiliary
verbs.
AFFIRMATIVE
I need to go
He/She/It needs to go
We/You/They need to go
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
I don’t need to go
He/She/It doesn’t need to go
We/You/They don’t need to go
I
He/She/It needn’t go
We/You/They
Do I
Does he/she/it need to go?
Do we/you/they
I
Need he/she/it go?
we/you/they
Formation
The Passive Voice is formed with the verb be in the
appropriate form and the past participle of the verb of the
sentence. The person who causes or carries out the action
is called an agent and is preceded by the preposition by.
NOTE: We usually omit the agent:
• when the action interests us more than the
agent.
• when we don’t know the agent.
• when it is easy to igure out who the agent is.
My bag was found! (by someone who we do not
know)
BMW cars are made in Germany. (by factory
workers)
Subject Verb Object
Mark wrote a letter.
A letter was written by Mark.
Passive Voice
Active Voice
Subject Verb Agent
Present Simple Passive
AFFIRMATIVE
I am
He/She/It is called/given
We/You/They are
NEGATIVE
I am not
He/She/It isn’t called/given
We/You/They aren’t
QUESTIONS
Am I
Is he/she/it called/given?
Are we/you/they
can/could/be able to
• We use can to express ability in the present.
The baby can speak.
• We use could to express ability in the past.
I could climb trees when I was young.
• Be able to expresses ability and forms all tenses. It is
mainly used in tenses where we cannot use can.
He’ll be able to play football on Thursday.
may/might/could
• We use may, might and could to express possibility in
the present or future. Might expresses slight possibility.
We may/might/could go to the Summer Festival next
weekend.
NOTE: We use may not/might not to express lack of
possibility in the present or future.
Henry may not/might not be able to join us.
must/can’t
Must and can’t express a logical deduction and refer to
the present.
• We use must to express a positive deduction.
Ammar has been working all day. He must be tired.
• We use can’t to express a negative deduction.
Tom can’t be at home. I saw him at the bus stop _ive
minutes ago.
Passive Voice
Use
We use the Passive Voice to emphasise the action rather
than who or what is responsible for it.
NOTE: • To express obligation in the past, we use had to.
• To express obligation in the future, we use will
have to.
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Past Simple Passive
AFFIRMATIVE
I/He/She/It was called/given
We/You/They were
NEGATIVE
I/He/She/It wasn’t called/given
We/You/They weren’t
QUESTIONS
Was I/he/she/it called/given?
Were we/you/they
Module 2
The article ‘the’
‘the’ is used:
• for somebody or something specific or already mentioned.
A: There’s a new car in the street.
B: Yes, it’s the car I bought yesterday.
• for things that are unique.
the Earth, the Pyramids
• with the superlative of adjectives/adverbs.
Ameer is the best student of all.
My brother paints the most beautifully of all.
• before names of seas, rivers, oceans and deserts.
the Red Sea, the Thames, the Indian Ocean, the An-Nafud
Desert
• before groups of islands, mountain ranges and countries in
the plural.
the Azores, the Alps, the Netherlands
• before nationalities, when we refer to the whole nation.
The Chinese invented paper thousands of years ago.
• before people’s surnames, when we refer to the whole family.
The Simpsons came to see us last night.
• before names of hotels, restaurants and newspapers.
the Ritz, the Kabab Palace, the Arab News
• before the cardinal points.
Sussex is to the south of London.
‘the’ is not used:
• before names of people, streets, islands, mountains, cities,
countries and continents.
Hamid Ahmed, Olaya Street, Corsica, Buraydah,
Saudi Arabia, Africa
• before names of days and months.
on Monday / in July
• before plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns
when we are talking about something in general.
Tigers are wild animals.
My brother likes chocolate.
• before abstract nouns (hope, beauty, etc.).
You mustn’t lose hope.
• before names of magazines, sports, games, colours and
languages (when they are not followed by the word
language).
I buy ‘Sports Now’ every week.
I like playing tennis.
Khaled’s favourite colour is green.
They speak Arabic.
NOTE: We can use the verb help with a bare or full
in_initive.
I always help my brother do his homework.
I always help my brother to do his homework.
Infinitive
We use the full infinitive (to + base form of the verb):
• to express purpose.
He went to the supermarket to buy some orange juice.
• after certain verbs: want, would like, would love, decide,
forget, learn, teach, need, plan, promise, try, hope, manage,
arrange, choose, offer, refuse, expect.
I decided to buy a house near the sea.
• with too and enough.
This coffee is too hot to drink.
• After the structure it + be + adjective.
It’s difficult to understand this text.
• After certain adjectives: afraid, surprised, free, happy, ready,
sorry.
James was happy to see his best friend after all those years.
We use the bare infinitive (base form of verb without to):
• after modal verbs (can, could, will, would, should, may,
might, must).
Will you stop talking?
You must visit the doctor today.
• after the verbs let and make.
He makes me study all the time.
Dad, let me go to the park, please!
• before names of squares, parks and lakes.
Trafalgar Square, Salam Park, Lake Winnipeg
• before the words hospital, school, work, home, bed, prison
and university when they are used for the purpose for
which they exist.
Abdul-Rahman was tired and went to bed.
• before the words breakfast, lunch and dinner.
We went to grandma’s for lunch.
-ing form
We use the -ing form (base form of the verb + -ing) as a
noun. We use -ing forms:
• as subjects.
Exercising is a healthy habit.
• after certain verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer,
continue, stop, finish, start, keep, avoid, begin, imagine,
practise, suggest, risk, spend (time).
Keep going and you’ll find the post office.
• after certain expressions: don’t mind, can’t stand, be
interested in, it’s worth, how about, can’t help, feel like.
I can’t stand being ill.
• after prepositions.
We use a toothbrush for brushing our teeth.
• after the verb go to indicate activities.
I go swimming every weekend.
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Grammar Reference
NOTE: • The verbs like, dislike, love, hate, start, begin
are followed by a full in_initive or an -ing form
without any signi_icant di_ference in meaning.
I like having/to have lunch in the garden.
• The verbs stop and remember are followed
either by a full in_initive or an -ing form, but
with a di_ferent meaning.
Mahdi stopped watching TV. (=Mahdi no longer
watches TV.)
Mahdi stopped to watch TV. (=Mahdi stopped
what he was doing in order to watch TV.)
I remember locking the door. (=I locked the door.
I remember the action.)
I remembered to lock the door. (=I didn’t forget
to lock the door.)
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