تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص
جاهز باللغة الانجليزية انشاء عبارات سهل بسيط
قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي كلمة رحلة
مقال جمهورية دولة حول تكاليف المعيشه السياحة
للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس
للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر ابتدائي جمل
سهل وقصير معالم موقع تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع ابراج خمس جمل قديما أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات
والتقاليد فى لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص
قصير كلمة تحدث تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة
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الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة اسماء مدن
المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية قوانين موقع الوطن عادات وتقاليد بحث علمي
Structure of Kuwait's hydrocarbons sector
With proven fifth world reserves, Kuwait
will have 6.8% of global crude oil reserves in 2016.
In 1934, at the time of the British
protectorate, the oil concession of the emirate was granted to Kuwait Oil
Company (KOC), a joint venture jointly owned by British Petroleum and Gulf Oil
Corporation (USA). In 1975, according to the political line then prevailing at
the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the Kuwaiti
government nationalises KOC 100%. In 1977, he did the same with the
refining-distribution entity, Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC). In
1980, the public control of the oil sector was further strengthened with the
creation of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), a holding company bringing
together formerly nationalized entities under its authority. Since January
2003, when the oil concession granted in the Japanese AOC neutral zone has not
been renewed, exploration and production have been fully nationalized. An ad
hoc and also public company, Kuwait Gulf Oil Company - KGOC - manages Kuwaiti
interests in the neutral zone (shared with Saudi Arabia). Kuwait Foreign
Petroleum Company - KUPFEC, is engaged in overseas exploration and production
(activities in Australia, China, Egypt, Indonesia). Finally, KPC's new KPC
subsidiary, KPCIC, established in October 2016, handles the import of liquefied
natural gas, refining operations and petrochemicals at the Az Zour complex, in
the south of the country.
1. Kuwait Petroleum Corporation - KPC
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) is the
holding company that brings together various oil companies in the country. KPC
was founded in 1980 and manages the entire hydrocarbon chain's decision-making
chain in the exploration, production, refining and transportation of oil and
gas. She is responsible for Kuwait's global interests in the oil sector.
KPC is recognized as one of the top ten
global oil conglomerates. The company is managed by the board of directors,
chaired by the Minister of Petroleum, Water and Electricity Isam Al-Marzouq.
Mr. Nizar Al-Adsani is currently Vice
President and General Manager of KPC. Nizar Al-Adsani studied mechanical
engineering at the University of South Dakota. Between 1984 and 1999, he held
several positions with the Kuwait Oil Company before being appointed General
Manager. Subsequently, he was promoted to KPC's Director of Planning and
Investments. In 2004, he became Executive Director of Khafji Joint Operation
(KJO) before being appointed Deputy General Manager. In 2009, he joined KJO's
board of directors and became president. In 2011, he was appointed Managing
Director of KPC and a board member of the Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration
Company.
2. Kuwait Oil Company - KOC
The Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) manages the
upstream oil, under the authority of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), on
behalf of the State of Kuwait.
Kuwait Oil Company was established in
1934 as a joint venture between British Petroleum and Gulf Oil Corporation
(GOC). Large reserves were discovered in Kuwait before the Second World War,
especially in the giant field of Burgan. The end of the Second World War and
the influx of foreign capital allowed the beginning of their exploitation. The
development of the oil industry coincided with the end of the British colonial
empire in India and the transfer of British engineers from India to Kuwait. The
first oil exports from Kuwait were made in 1946. New discoveries in the 1950s
and 1960s allowed Kuwait to become a major exporter of oil and gas in the
nascent OPEC in 1975, when Kuwaiti authorities made the decision to nationalize
KOC.
According to the Kuwaiti constitution,
access to natural resources is prohibited to foreign companies. In this
context, KOC only grants consultancy and technical assistance contracts to
international companies.
Kuwaiti oil companies work through
restricted tenders. Thus, a foreign company must be registered with the oil
company as a potential supplier of equipment and know-how. She then becomes
potential prequalified for tenders and will be automatically invited to
participate in the contracts. To be registered or prequalified, a foreign
company must have a local partner: agent, distributor, joint venture or
sponsor. KOC's Approved Vendor List registration procedure is simple. All you
have to do is file with the purchasing department a file containing an
application form, catalogs about the company's activity, a copy of the agency
contract. KOC updates its Vendors List in principle twice a year. Tenders of
less than 5 MKD (EUR 15 million) are processed at KOC's purchasing division
level (KNPC and PIC also). It should be noted that the petroleum sector
contracts do not include an offset clause. Beyond 5 MKD, tenders go through the
Central Tender Committee (CTC), an interministerial commission responsible for
invitations to tender. CLC members with no particular technical background are
very price-sensitive and tend to favor the "best-seller". The
prequalification stage is therefore crucial to eliminate unfair competition in
advance. Tenders are published in the official journal ("Kuwait Al
Youm").
It should be noted that the depollution
of the oil lakes, created by the Iraqi army during its withdrawal in 1991,
represents a major environmental project, far from being finalized.
3. Kuwait National Petroleum Company -
KNPC
The Kuwait-based refining-distribution
entity, Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC) was established in 1960. It is
the country's second largest oil company, behind KOC, which is responsible for
the upstream.
Since 1968, the company has been
exporting petroleum products from its Shuaiba refinery. KNPC was nationalized
in 1977 and passed under the tutelage of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) in
1980. Under this supervision, KNPC has control over the distribution of
petroleum products in Kuwait and has become the owner of the Ahmadi and
Abdullah refineries. With three refineries, KNPC has just launched two major
projects: clean fuel and giant refinery AZ-Zour. KNPC also wants to develop its
gas liquefaction business.
If the refining remains for the moment
entirely public, KNPC is gradually giving up its network of petrol stations. In
early 2005, the privatization process of the 119 petrol stations began with the
transfer of the ownership of 40 petrol stations to a private company. In 2006,
another batch of 40 stations was transferred to the private sector, which should
eventually acquire the entire national network.
4. KPI - Q8 - Kuwait Petroleum
International
Kuwait Petroleum International, often
referred to as Q8, refines and markets fuels, lubricants and other petroleum
products in Europe. Q8 is the international subsidiary of KNPC. It supplies
4,000 service stations and sells fuel and heating oil for individuals and
manufacturers. Q8 has also set up an international diesel service - a fuel card
service for international road transport companies - in more than 700 sites
throughout Europe. Q8 powers more than 40 airports worldwide. Q8 also owns a
lubricant company with five plants, exporting products to more than 75
countries. KPI also follows refinery projects abroad (Asia in particular).
5. Kuwait Gulf Oil Company - KGOC
KGOC was founded on February 10, 2002 to
represent the interests of the State of Kuwait in the neutral zone shared
between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia where there are several oil fields including
Wafra (200,000 barrels / day) and Khafji off -shore (300,000 barrels / day).
KGOC has set up two committees for the management of these fields: Khafji joint
operation (KJO) and Wafra joint operation (WJO). KGOC liaises with the Saudis
who are represented by AramCo.
6. Petrochemical Industries Company - PIC
PIC manufactures and markets chemicals
that are essential ingredients for the manufacture of consumer products.
Products manufactured by PIC include fertilizers, materials for building
insulation, etc. PIC was founded in 1963 as the first chemical fertilizer plant
in the Gulf. Today, PIC is a subsidiary of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation,
considered one of the leading companies in the petrochemical industry in the
Middle East and growing worldwide.
7. Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration
Company - KUFPEC
KUFPEC was established in 1981 as a
subsidiary of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation. It conducts explorations in the
fields of crude oil and natural gas, ensures development and production
operations outside Kuwait. Since 1984, KUFPEC has acquired oil concessions for
discovery and development in Bahrain, Tunisia, Egypt, China and Indonesia.
Today, KUFPEC operates in Australia, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. KUFPEC's
head office is located in Shuwaikh, Kuwait, and the company has four
international offices (Australia, Tunisia, Pakistan and Indonesia).
8. Kuwait Aviation Fueling Company -
KAFCO
KAFCO is an aeronautical refueling
company operating at Kuwait International Airport that supplies commercial and
military aircraft. KAFCO was founded on 1 July 1963 by KNPC which held 51% of
the shares and British Petroleum which held 49%. In 1970, BP's shares were
bought out entirely by KNPC. In 1987, KAFCO became a wholly owned subsidiary of
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC).
9. Kuwait Oil Tanker Company - KOTC
Kuwait Oil Tanker Company (KOTC) is a
subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC). The company is primarily
involved in the management of tankers engaged in the transportation of crude
oil, refined petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gases. KOTC's fleet
consists of sixteen tankers for petroleum products, six crude oil tankers, six liquefied
gas tankers, two fuel tankers and several supply and tow boats.
10.
Oil Sector Services Company - OSCC
Oil Sector Services Company was
established on August 23, 2005 as a subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
to provide services to improve the performance of the oil sector. OSCC works in
the following sectors:
-
Health and social services for petroleum employees and their families. The KOC
hospital, located in Ahmadi, is dedicated to all the agents of the hydrocarbon
chain.
-
Safety and services dedicated to oil installations and corporate assets.
-
Fire fighting installations in the oil companies.
-
Housing of employees and urban services of the city of Ahmadi which hosts most
of the offices and employees of the hydrocarbon sector (south of the country).
-
Consulting services for matters of ownership, construction, rental, management
of property and assets.
11. Kuwait Integrated Petroleum
Industries Company - KIPIC
Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries
Company-KIPIC was established on October 28, 2016 as a subsidiary of KPC to
manage the Az Zour complex projects, located 70 km south of Kuwait City. These
projects totaling more than 6 billion dinars (16.8 billion euros) include the
new oil refinery Az Zour New Refinery, which is to become the largest
integrated refinery in the Middle East, liquefied natural gas import terminals.
and petrochemical plants.
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