تعبير تقرير برجراف فقرة برزنتيشن بحث موضوع ملخص جاهز باللغة الانجليزية  انشاء عبارات سهل بسيط قطعة معلومات عامة شاملة بسيطة مبسط نبذة عن الاقتصاد السكان جمل عن بلادي كلمة رحلة مقال جمهورية دولة حول  تكاليف المعيشه السياحة للطلاب عرض للصف السادس للصف الاول للصف الثاني للصف الثالث للصف الرابع للصف الخامس للصف السادس للصف السابع للصف الثامن للصف التاسع للصف العاشر  ابتدائي جمل  سهل وقصير معالم  موقع  تقرير عن تراث بالانجليزي ابي موضوع  ابراج خمس جمل قديما  أبرز المناطق السياحية مختصر حول الحياة والعادات والتقاليد فى  لمحة تعريفية بالانجلش تلخيص قصير كلمة تحدث  تقرير انجليزي عن اي دوله مقدمة خاتمة  information about   paragraph  presentation  location  my country uae كم عدد سكان  مدن  الوجهات العرب المسافرون نقاط الاهتمام مساحة تحدث جغرافية جغرافيا  عبارات شعر قصيدة مؤثر كلام قصير مترجم بالعربي  شكل عام موضوع مؤثر اللغات الرسمية ديانة  اسماء مدن  المناطق الريفيه الشعب الجنس رئيس لغتها الرسمية قوانين موقع  الوطن عادات وتقاليد بحث علمي




Structure of Kuwait's hydrocarbons sector
With proven fifth world reserves, Kuwait will have 6.8% of global crude oil reserves in 2016.

In 1934, at the time of the British protectorate, the oil concession of the emirate was granted to Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), a joint venture jointly owned by British Petroleum and Gulf Oil Corporation (USA). In 1975, according to the political line then prevailing at the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the Kuwaiti government nationalises KOC 100%. In 1977, he did the same with the refining-distribution entity, Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC). In 1980, the public control of the oil sector was further strengthened with the creation of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), a holding company bringing together formerly nationalized entities under its authority. Since January 2003, when the oil concession granted in the Japanese AOC neutral zone has not been renewed, exploration and production have been fully nationalized. An ad hoc and also public company, Kuwait Gulf Oil Company - KGOC - manages Kuwaiti interests in the neutral zone (shared with Saudi Arabia). Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Company - KUPFEC, is engaged in overseas exploration and production (activities in Australia, China, Egypt, Indonesia). Finally, KPC's new KPC subsidiary, KPCIC, established in October 2016, handles the import of liquefied natural gas, refining operations and petrochemicals at the Az Zour complex, in the south of the country.

1. Kuwait Petroleum Corporation - KPC

Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) is the holding company that brings together various oil companies in the country. KPC was founded in 1980 and manages the entire hydrocarbon chain's decision-making chain in the exploration, production, refining and transportation of oil and gas. She is responsible for Kuwait's global interests in the oil sector.

KPC is recognized as one of the top ten global oil conglomerates. The company is managed by the board of directors, chaired by the Minister of Petroleum, Water and Electricity Isam Al-Marzouq.

Mr. Nizar Al-Adsani is currently Vice President and General Manager of KPC. Nizar Al-Adsani studied mechanical engineering at the University of South Dakota. Between 1984 and 1999, he held several positions with the Kuwait Oil Company before being appointed General Manager. Subsequently, he was promoted to KPC's Director of Planning and Investments. In 2004, he became Executive Director of Khafji Joint Operation (KJO) before being appointed Deputy General Manager. In 2009, he joined KJO's board of directors and became president. In 2011, he was appointed Managing Director of KPC and a board member of the Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company.



2. Kuwait Oil Company - KOC

The Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) manages the upstream oil, under the authority of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), on behalf of the State of Kuwait.

Kuwait Oil Company was established in 1934 as a joint venture between British Petroleum and Gulf Oil Corporation (GOC). Large reserves were discovered in Kuwait before the Second World War, especially in the giant field of Burgan. The end of the Second World War and the influx of foreign capital allowed the beginning of their exploitation. The development of the oil industry coincided with the end of the British colonial empire in India and the transfer of British engineers from India to Kuwait. The first oil exports from Kuwait were made in 1946. New discoveries in the 1950s and 1960s allowed Kuwait to become a major exporter of oil and gas in the nascent OPEC in 1975, when Kuwaiti authorities made the decision to nationalize KOC.

According to the Kuwaiti constitution, access to natural resources is prohibited to foreign companies. In this context, KOC only grants consultancy and technical assistance contracts to international companies.

Kuwaiti oil companies work through restricted tenders. Thus, a foreign company must be registered with the oil company as a potential supplier of equipment and know-how. She then becomes potential prequalified for tenders and will be automatically invited to participate in the contracts. To be registered or prequalified, a foreign company must have a local partner: agent, distributor, joint venture or sponsor. KOC's Approved Vendor List registration procedure is simple. All you have to do is file with the purchasing department a file containing an application form, catalogs about the company's activity, a copy of the agency contract. KOC updates its Vendors List in principle twice a year. Tenders of less than 5 MKD (EUR 15 million) are processed at KOC's purchasing division level (KNPC and PIC also). It should be noted that the petroleum sector contracts do not include an offset clause. Beyond 5 MKD, tenders go through the Central Tender Committee (CTC), an interministerial commission responsible for invitations to tender. CLC members with no particular technical background are very price-sensitive and tend to favor the "best-seller". The prequalification stage is therefore crucial to eliminate unfair competition in advance. Tenders are published in the official journal ("Kuwait Al Youm").

It should be noted that the depollution of the oil lakes, created by the Iraqi army during its withdrawal in 1991, represents a major environmental project, far from being finalized.

3. Kuwait National Petroleum Company - KNPC

The Kuwait-based refining-distribution entity, Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC) was established in 1960. It is the country's second largest oil company, behind KOC, which is responsible for the upstream.

Since 1968, the company has been exporting petroleum products from its Shuaiba refinery. KNPC was nationalized in 1977 and passed under the tutelage of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) in 1980. Under this supervision, KNPC has control over the distribution of petroleum products in Kuwait and has become the owner of the Ahmadi and Abdullah refineries. With three refineries, KNPC has just launched two major projects: clean fuel and giant refinery AZ-Zour. KNPC also wants to develop its gas liquefaction business.

If the refining remains for the moment entirely public, KNPC is gradually giving up its network of petrol stations. In early 2005, the privatization process of the 119 petrol stations began with the transfer of the ownership of 40 petrol stations to a private company. In 2006, another batch of 40 stations was transferred to the private sector, which should eventually acquire the entire national network.

4. KPI - Q8 - Kuwait Petroleum International

Kuwait Petroleum International, often referred to as Q8, refines and markets fuels, lubricants and other petroleum products in Europe. Q8 is the international subsidiary of KNPC. It supplies 4,000 service stations and sells fuel and heating oil for individuals and manufacturers. Q8 has also set up an international diesel service - a fuel card service for international road transport companies - in more than 700 sites throughout Europe. Q8 powers more than 40 airports worldwide. Q8 also owns a lubricant company with five plants, exporting products to more than 75 countries. KPI also follows refinery projects abroad (Asia in particular).

5. Kuwait Gulf Oil Company - KGOC

KGOC was founded on February 10, 2002 to represent the interests of the State of Kuwait in the neutral zone shared between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia where there are several oil fields including Wafra (200,000 barrels / day) and Khafji off -shore (300,000 barrels / day). KGOC has set up two committees for the management of these fields: Khafji joint operation (KJO) and Wafra joint operation (WJO). KGOC liaises with the Saudis who are represented by AramCo.

6. Petrochemical Industries Company - PIC

PIC manufactures and markets chemicals that are essential ingredients for the manufacture of consumer products. Products manufactured by PIC include fertilizers, materials for building insulation, etc. PIC was founded in 1963 as the first chemical fertilizer plant in the Gulf. Today, PIC is a subsidiary of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, considered one of the leading companies in the petrochemical industry in the Middle East and growing worldwide.

7. Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company - KUFPEC

KUFPEC was established in 1981 as a subsidiary of the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation. It conducts explorations in the fields of crude oil and natural gas, ensures development and production operations outside Kuwait. Since 1984, KUFPEC has acquired oil concessions for discovery and development in Bahrain, Tunisia, Egypt, China and Indonesia. Today, KUFPEC operates in Australia, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. KUFPEC's head office is located in Shuwaikh, Kuwait, and the company has four international offices (Australia, Tunisia, Pakistan and Indonesia).

8. Kuwait Aviation Fueling Company - KAFCO

KAFCO is an aeronautical refueling company operating at Kuwait International Airport that supplies commercial and military aircraft. KAFCO was founded on 1 July 1963 by KNPC which held 51% of the shares and British Petroleum which held 49%. In 1970, BP's shares were bought out entirely by KNPC. In 1987, KAFCO became a wholly owned subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC).

9. Kuwait Oil Tanker Company - KOTC

Kuwait Oil Tanker Company (KOTC) is a subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC). The company is primarily involved in the management of tankers engaged in the transportation of crude oil, refined petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gases. KOTC's fleet consists of sixteen tankers for petroleum products, six crude oil tankers, six liquefied gas tankers, two fuel tankers and several supply and tow boats.

10.   Oil Sector Services Company - OSCC
Oil Sector Services Company was established on August 23, 2005 as a subsidiary of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation to provide services to improve the performance of the oil sector. OSCC works in the following sectors:

         - Health and social services for petroleum employees and their families. The KOC hospital, located in Ahmadi, is dedicated to all the agents of the hydrocarbon chain.

         - Safety and services dedicated to oil installations and corporate assets.

         - Fire fighting installations in the oil companies.

         - Housing of employees and urban services of the city of Ahmadi which hosts most of the offices and employees of the hydrocarbon sector (south of the country).

         - Consulting services for matters of ownership, construction, rental, management of property and assets.

11. Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries Company - KIPIC

Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries Company-KIPIC was established on October 28, 2016 as a subsidiary of KPC to manage the Az Zour complex projects, located 70 km south of Kuwait City. These projects totaling more than 6 billion dinars (16.8 billion euros) include the new oil refinery Az Zour New Refinery, which is to become the largest integrated refinery in the Middle East, liquefied natural gas import terminals. and petrochemical plants.

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